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| MC68HC08AS32 Data Sheet M68HC08 Microcontrollers Rev. 4.1 MC68HC08AS32/D July 13, 2005 freescale.com MC68HC08AS32 Data Sheet To provide the most up-to-date information, the revision of our documents on the World Wide Web will be the most current. Your printed copy may be an earlier revision. To verify you have the latest information available, refer to: http://freescale.com The following revision history table summarizes changes contained in this document. For your convenience, the page number designators have been linked to the appropriate location. MC68HC08AS32 -- Rev. 4.1 Freescale Semiconductor Data Sheet 3 Revision History Date Revision Level Description Formatted to current publication standards Figure 2-2. Control, Status, and Data Register -- Updated figure to include reset values, page references, and corrected reset states for DDRA Figure 3-3. ADC Status and Control Register (ADSCR) -- Expanded definition of COCO bit for clarity. Figure 5-2. CGM I/O Register Summary -- Updated figure to include reset values and page references Figure 13-3. SIM I/O Register Summary -- Updated figure to include reset values and page references Figure 16-2. Break I/O Register Summary -- Updated figure to include reset values and page references Figure 8-3. IRQ I/O Register Summary -- Updated figure to include reset values and page references Figure 11-1. I/O Port Register Summary --Updated figure to include reset values, page references, and corrected reset states for DDRA July, 2003 4 Figure 11-3. Data Direction Register A (DDRA) -- Corrected reset states Figure 11-17. Port F Data Register (PTF) -- Corrected figure title Section 15. Timer Interface (TIM) -- Timer discrepancies corrected throughout this section. Figure 12-2. SCI I/O Register Summary -- Updated figure to include reset values and page references 12.3.6 Idle Characters -- Added note for clarity Figure 14-3. SPI I/O Register Summary -- Updated figure to include reset values and page references Figure 4-3. BDLC I/O Register Summary -- Updated figure to include reset values and page references 17.2 Functional Operating Range -- Corrected operating temperature range value 17.4 5.0-Volt DC Electrical Characteristics -- Added maximum rating for VDD + VDDA/VDDREF supply current in stop mode at -40C to 125C 18.4 64-Pin Quad Flat Pack (Case 840B) -- Corrected diagram for case 840B July 2005 4.1 Updated to meet Freescale identity guidelines Page Number(s) Throughout 29 50 91 185 252 129 139 141 152 227 157 161 205 57 264 265 277 Throughout Data Sheet 4 MC68HC08AS32 -- Rev. 4.1 Freescale Semiconductor Data Sheet -- MC68HC08AS32 List of Sections Section 1. General Description . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .17 Section 2. Memory . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27 Section 3. Analog-to-Digital Converter (ADC) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45 Section 4. Byte Data Link Controller-Digital (BDLC-D) . . . . . . . . . . . . 55 Section 5. Clock Generator Module (CGM). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 89 Section 6. Computer Operating Properly (COP) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 109 Section 7. Central Processor Unit (CPU) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 113 Section 8. External Interrupt (IRQ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 127 Section 9. Low-Voltage Inhibit (LVI) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 133 Section 10. Mask Options . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 137 Section 11. Input/Output (I/O) Ports . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 139 Section 12. Serial Communications Interface (SCI). . . . . . . . . . . . . . 155 Section 13. System Integration Module (SIM) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 183 Section 14. Serial Peripheral Interface (SPI) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 201 Section 15. Timer Interface (TIM). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 227 Section 16. Development Support. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 251 Section 17. Electrical Specifications. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 263 Section 18. Ordering Information and Mechanical Specifications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 275 MC68HC08AS32 -- Rev. 4.1 Freescale Semiconductor Data Sheet 5 Data Sheet 6 MC68HC08AS32 -- Rev. 4.1 Freescale Semiconductor Data Sheet -- MC68HC08AS32 Table of Contents Section 1. General Description 1.1 1.2 1.3 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17 Features . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17 MCU Block Diagram . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18 20 22 22 22 23 23 23 23 23 23 23 23 24 24 24 24 24 1.4 Pin Assignments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.4.1 Power Supply Pins (VDD and VSS) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.4.2 Oscillator Pins (OSC1 and OSC2) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.4.3 External Reset Pin (RST) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.4.4 External Interrupt Pin (IRQ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.4.5 Analog Power Supply Pin (VDDA/VDDAREF) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.4.6 ADC High Reference Pin (VREFH) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.4.7 Analog Ground Pin (VSSA/VREFL) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.4.8 External Filter Capacitor Pin (CGMXFC) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.4.9 Port A Input/Output (I/O) Pins (PTA7-PTA0) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.4.10 Port B I/O Pins (PTB7/ATD7-PTB0/ATD0) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.4.11 Port C I/O Pins (PTC4-PTC0) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.4.12 Port D I/O Pins (PTD6/ATD14/TCLKA-PTD0/ATD8) . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.4.13 Port E I/O Pins (PTE7/SPSCK-PTE0/TxD) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.4.14 Port F I/O Pins (PTF3/TCH5-PTF0/TCH2) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.4.15 J1850 Transmit Pin Digital (BDTxD). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.4.16 J1850 Receive Pin Digital (BDRxD) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Section 2. Memory 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27 Input/Output (I/O) Section. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27 Random-Access Memory (RAM) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36 Read-Only Memory (ROM). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36 36 37 37 38 39 40 40 40 2.5 Electrically Erasable Programmable ROM (EEPROM) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.5.1 Functional Description . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.5.1.1 EEPROM Programming . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.5.1.2 EEPROM Erasing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.5.1.3 EEPROM Block Protection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.5.1.4 EEPROM Redundant Mode . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.5.1.5 EEPROM Configuration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.5.1.6 EEPROM Control Register . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . MC68HC08AS32 -- Rev. 4.1 Freescale Semiconductor Data Sheet 7 2.5.1.7 2.5.2 2.5.2.1 2.5.2.2 EEPROM Non-Volatile Register and EEPROM Array Configuration Register . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Low-Power Modes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Wait Mode . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Stop Mode. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42 43 43 43 Section 3. Analog-to-Digital Converter (ADC) 3.1 3.2 3.3 3.3.1 3.3.2 3.3.3 3.3.4 3.3.5 3.4 3.5 3.5.1 3.5.2 3.6 3.6.1 3.6.2 3.6.3 3.7 3.7.1 3.7.2 3.7.3 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45 Features . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45 Functional Description . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ADC Port I/O Pins. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Voltage Conversion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Conversion Time. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Continuous Conversion Mode . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Accuracy and Precision . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45 47 48 48 48 48 Interrupts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48 Low-Power Modes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49 Wait Mode. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49 Stop Mode . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49 I/O Signals . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ADC Analog Power Pin (VDDA/VDDAREF)/ADC Voltage Reference Pin (VREFH) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ADC Analog Ground Pin (VSSA)/ADC Voltage Reference Low Pin (VREFL) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ADC Voltage In (ADCVIN) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . I/O Registers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ADC Status and Control Register . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ADC Data Register . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ADC Input Clock Register. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49 49 49 49 50 50 52 52 Section 4. Byte Data Link Controller-Digital (BDLC-D) 4.1 4.2 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55 Features . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55 55 58 58 58 59 59 59 59 60 4.3 Functional Description . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.3.1 BDLC Operating Modes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.3.1.1 Power Off Mode . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.3.1.2 Reset Mode. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.3.1.3 Run Mode . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.3.1.4 BDLC Wait Mode . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.3.1.5 BDLC Stop Mode . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.3.1.6 Digital Loopback Mode . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.3.1.7 Analog Loopback Mode . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Data Sheet 8 MC68HC08AS32 -- Rev. 4.1 Freescale Semiconductor 4.4 BDLC MUX Interface . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.4.1 Rx Digital Filter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.4.1.1 Operation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.4.1.2 Performance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.4.2 J1850 Frame Format . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.4.3 J1850 VPW Symbols . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.4.4 J1850 VPW Valid/Invalid Bits and Symbols . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.4.5 Message Arbitration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.5 BDLC Protocol Handler . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.5.1 Protocol Architecture . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.5.2 Rx and Tx Shift Registers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.5.3 Rx and Tx Shadow Registers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.5.4 Digital Loopback Multiplexer. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.5.5 State Machine. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.5.5.1 4X Mode . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.5.5.2 Receiving a Message in Block Mode . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.5.5.3 Transmitting a Message in Block Mode . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.5.5.4 J1850 Bus Errors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.5.5.5 Summary. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.6 4.6.1 4.6.2 4.6.3 4.6.4 4.6.5 4.7 4.7.1 4.7.2 BDLC CPU Interface . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . BDLC Analog and Roundtrip Delay Register . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . BDLC Control Register 1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . BDLC Control Register 2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . BDLC State Vector Register . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . BDLC Data Register . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60 61 61 62 62 65 67 70 72 72 72 73 73 74 74 74 74 74 76 76 77 78 80 85 87 Low-Power Modes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 88 Wait Mode. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 88 Stop Mode . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 88 Section 5. Clock Generator Module (CGM) 5.1 5.2 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 89 Features . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 89 89 91 91 92 93 93 94 96 96 96 5.3 Functional Description . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.3.1 Crystal Oscillator Circuit . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.3.2 Phase-Locked Loop Circuit (PLL). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.3.2.1 Circuits . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.3.2.2 Acquisition and Tracking Modes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.3.2.3 Automatic and Manual PLL Bandwidth Modes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.3.2.4 Programming the PLL . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.3.2.5 Special Programming Exceptions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.3.3 Base Clock Selector Circuit . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.3.4 CGM External Connections . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . MC68HC08AS32 -- Rev. 4.1 Freescale Semiconductor Data Sheet 9 5.4 5.4.1 5.4.2 5.4.3 5.4.4 5.4.5 5.4.6 5.4.7 5.4.8 5.5 5.5.1 5.5.2 5.5.3 5.6 5.7 5.7.1 5.7.2 5.8 5.9 5.9.1 5.9.2 5.9.3 5.9.4 I/O Signals . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Crystal Amplifier Input Pin (OSC1) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Crystal Amplifier Output Pin (OSC2) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . External Filter Capacitor Pin (CGMXFC) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Analog Power Pin (VDDA/VDDAREF) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Oscillator Enable Signal (SIMOSCEN) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Crystal Output Frequency Signal (CGMXCLK). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . CGM Base Clock Output (CGMOUT) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . CGM CPU Interrupt (CGMINT). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 97 97 97 98 98 98 98 98 98 CGM Registers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 99 PLL Control Register . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 99 PLL Bandwidth Control Register. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 100 PLL Programming Register . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 102 Interrupts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 103 Special Modes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 103 Wait Mode. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 103 Stop Mode . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 104 CGM During Break Interrupts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 104 Acquisition/Lock Time Specifications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Acquisition/Lock Time Definitions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Parametric Influences on Reaction Time . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Choosing a Filter Capacitor . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Reaction Time Calculation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 104 104 105 106 107 Section 6. Computer Operating Properly (COP) 6.1 6.2 6.3 6.3.1 6.3.2 6.3.3 6.3.4 6.3.5 6.3.6 6.3.7 6.4 6.5 6.6 6.7 6.7.1 6.7.2 6.8 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 109 Functional Description . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 109 I/O Signals . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . CGMXCLK . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . STOP Instruction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . COPCTL Write . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Internal Reset Resources . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Reset Vector Fetch . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . COPD (COP Disable) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . COPS (COP Short Timeout). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 110 110 110 111 111 111 111 111 COP Control Register . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 111 Interrupts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 111 Monitor Mode . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 112 Low-Power Modes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 112 Wait Mode. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 112 Stop Mode . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 112 COP Module During Break Interrupts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 112 Data Sheet 10 MC68HC08AS32 -- Rev. 4.1 Freescale Semiconductor Section 7. Central Processor Unit (CPU) 7.1 7.2 7.3 7.3.1 7.3.2 7.3.3 7.3.4 7.3.5 7.4 7.5 7.5.1 7.5.2 7.6 7.7 7.8 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 113 Features . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 113 CPU Registers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Accumulator . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Index Register. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Stack Pointer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Program Counter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Condition Code Register. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 114 114 115 115 116 116 Arithmetic/Logic Unit (ALU) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 118 Low-Power Modes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 118 Wait Mode. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 118 Stop Mode . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 118 CPU During Break Interrupts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 118 Instruction Set Summary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 119 Opcode Map . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 125 Section 8. External Interrupt (IRQ) 8.1 8.2 8.3 8.4 8.5 8.6 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 127 Features . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 127 Functional Description . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 127 IRQ Pin . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 131 IRQ Module During Break Interrupts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 131 IRQ Status and Control Register . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 132 Section 9. Low-Voltage Inhibit (LVI) 9.1 9.2 9.3 9.3.1 9.3.2 9.3.3 9.4 9.5 9.6 9.6.1 9.6.2 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 133 Features . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 133 Functional Description . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Polled LVI Operation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Forced Reset Operation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . False Reset Protection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 133 134 134 134 LVI Status Register. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 135 LVI Interrupts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 135 Low-Power Modes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 135 Wait Mode. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 135 Stop Mode . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 136 MC68HC08AS32 -- Rev. 4.1 Freescale Semiconductor Data Sheet 11 Section 10. Mask Options 10.1 10.2 10.3 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 137 Functional Description . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 137 Mask Option Register . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 137 Section 11. Input/Output (I/O) Ports 11.1 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 139 11.2 Port A . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 140 11.2.1 Port A Data Register. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 140 11.2.2 Data Direction Register A . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 141 11.3 Port B . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 142 11.3.1 Port B Data Register . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 142 11.3.2 Data Direction Register B . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 143 11.4 Port C . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 144 11.4.1 Port C Data Register. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 144 11.4.2 Data Direction Register C . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 145 11.5 Port D . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 146 11.5.1 Port D Data Register . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 146 11.5.2 Data Direction Register D . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 147 11.6 Port E . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 149 11.6.1 Port E Data Register. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 149 11.6.2 Data Direction Register E . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 150 11.7 Port F . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 152 11.7.1 Port F Data Register . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 152 11.7.2 Data Direction Register F . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 153 Section 12. Serial Communications Interface (SCI) 12.1 12.2 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 155 Features . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 155 157 159 159 159 159 161 161 162 162 162 162 162 164 12.3 Functional Description . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12.3.1 Data Format . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12.3.2 Transmitter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12.3.3 Character Length . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12.3.4 Character Transmission . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12.3.5 Break Characters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12.3.6 Idle Characters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12.3.7 Inversion of Transmitted Output . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12.3.8 Transmitter Interrupts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12.3.9 Receiver . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12.3.10 Character Length . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12.3.11 Character Reception. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12.3.12 Data Sampling . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Data Sheet 12 MC68HC08AS32 -- Rev. 4.1 Freescale Semiconductor 12.3.13 12.3.14 Framing Errors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 167 Receiver Wakeup . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 167 12.4 Receiver Interrupts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 167 12.4.1 Error Interrupts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 168 12.5 Low-Power Modes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 168 12.5.1 Wait Mode. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 168 12.5.2 Stop Mode . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 168 12.6 SCI During Break Module Interrupts. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 168 12.7 I/O Signals . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 169 12.7.1 PTE0/TxD (Transmit Data) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 169 12.7.2 PTE1/RxD (Receive Data) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 169 12.8 I/O Registers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12.8.1 SCI Control Register 1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12.8.2 SCI Control Register 2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12.8.3 SCI Control Register 3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12.8.4 SCI Status Register 1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12.8.5 SCI Status Register 2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12.8.6 SCI Data Register. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12.8.7 SCI Baud Rate Register . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 169 170 172 173 175 178 179 179 Section 13. System Integration Module (SIM) 13.1 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 183 186 186 186 187 187 188 188 189 189 190 190 190 191 191 191 191 191 192 194 194 195 195 13.2 SIM Bus Clock Control and Generation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13.2.1 Bus Timing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13.2.2 Clock Startup from POR or LVI Reset . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13.2.3 Clocks in Stop Mode and Wait Mode . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13.3 Reset and System Initialization . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13.3.1 External Pin Reset . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13.3.2 Active Resets from Internal Sources . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13.3.2.1 Power-On Reset . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13.3.2.2 Computer Operating Properly (COP) Reset . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13.3.2.3 Illegal Opcode Reset. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13.3.2.4 Illegal Address Reset . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13.3.2.5 Low-Voltage Inhibit (LVI) Reset . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13.4 SIM Counter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13.4.1 SIM Counter During Power-On Reset . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13.4.2 SIM Counter During Stop Mode Recovery . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13.4.3 SIM Counter and Reset States . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13.5 Program Exception Control . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13.5.1 Interrupts. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13.5.1.1 Hardware Interrupts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13.5.1.2 SWI Instruction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13.5.2 Reset . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13.5.3 Break Interrupts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . MC68HC08AS32 -- Rev. 4.1 Freescale Semiconductor Data Sheet 13 13.5.4 Status Flag Protection in Break Mode . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 195 13.6 Low-Power Modes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 195 13.6.1 Wait Mode. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 195 13.6.2 Stop Mode . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 197 13.7 SIM Registers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13.7.1 SIM Break Status Register . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13.7.2 SIM Reset Status Register . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13.7.3 SIM Break Flag Control Register . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 198 198 199 200 Section 14. Serial Peripheral Interface (SPI) 14.1 14.2 14.3 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 201 Features . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 201 Pin Name and Register Name Conventions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 203 14.4 Functional Description . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 204 14.4.1 Master Mode. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 205 14.4.2 Slave Mode. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 206 14.5 Transmission Formats . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14.5.1 Clock Phase and Polarity Controls . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14.5.2 Transmission Format When CPHA = 0. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14.5.3 Transmission Format When CPHA = 1. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14.5.4 Transmission Initiation Latency . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 207 207 207 209 210 14.6 Error Conditions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 210 14.6.1 Overflow Error. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 210 14.6.2 Mode Fault Error. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 213 14.7 14.8 14.9 Interrupts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 214 Queuing Transmission Data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 215 Resetting the SPI . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 217 14.10 Low-Power Modes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 217 14.10.1 Wait Mode. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 217 14.10.2 Stop Mode . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 218 14.11 SPI During Break Interrupts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 218 14.12 I/O Signals . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14.12.1 MISO (Master In/Slave Out) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14.12.2 MOSI (Master Out/Slave In) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14.12.3 SPSCK (Serial Clock) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14.12.4 SS (Slave Select) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14.12.5 VSS (Clock Ground) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14.13 I/O Registers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14.13.1 SPI Control Register . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14.13.2 SPI Status and Control Register. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14.13.3 SPI Data Register . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 218 219 219 219 219 220 221 221 223 225 Data Sheet 14 MC68HC08AS32 -- Rev. 4.1 Freescale Semiconductor Section 15. Timer Interface (TIM) 15.1 15.2 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 227 Features . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 227 227 232 232 233 233 233 234 235 236 237 15.3 Functional Description . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15.3.1 TIM Counter Prescaler . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15.3.2 Input Capture . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15.3.3 Output Compare . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15.3.3.1 Unbuffered Output Compare. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15.3.3.2 Buffered Output Compare . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15.3.4 Pulse Width Modulation (PWM) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15.3.4.1 Unbuffered PWM Signal Generation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15.3.4.2 Buffered PWM Signal Generation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15.3.4.3 PWM Initialization . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15.4 Interrupts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 238 15.5 Low-Power Modes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 238 15.5.1 Wait Mode. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 239 15.5.2 Stop Mode . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 239 15.6 TIM During Break Interrupts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 239 15.7 I/O Signals . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 239 15.7.1 TIM Clock Pin (PTD6/ATD14/TCLK) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 239 15.7.2 TIM Channel I/O Pins (PTF3/TCH5-PTF0/TCH2 and PTE3/TCH1-PTE2/TCH0) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 240 15.8 I/O Registers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15.8.1 TIM Status and Control Register . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15.8.2 TIM Counter Registers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15.8.3 TIM Counter Modulo Registers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15.8.4 TIM Channel Status and Control Registers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15.8.5 TIM Channel Registers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 240 240 242 243 243 247 Section 16. Development Support 16.1 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 251 251 251 252 253 253 253 253 253 254 254 254 254 16.2 Break Module (BRK). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16.2.1 Functional Description . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16.2.1.1 Flag Protection During Break Interrupts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16.2.1.2 CPU During Break Interrupts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16.2.1.3 TIM During Break Interrupts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16.2.1.4 COP During Break Interrupts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16.2.2 Break Module Registers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16.2.2.1 Break Status and Control Register . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16.2.2.2 Break Address Registers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16.2.3 Low-Power Modes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16.2.3.1 Wait Mode . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16.2.3.2 Stop Mode. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . MC68HC08AS32 -- Rev. 4.1 Freescale Semiconductor Data Sheet 15 16.3 Monitor ROM (MON) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16.3.1 Functional Description . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16.3.1.1 Entering Monitor Mode . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16.3.1.2 Data Format . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16.3.1.3 Echoing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16.3.1.4 Break Signal . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16.3.1.5 Commands . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16.3.1.6 Baud Rate . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 255 255 257 258 258 258 259 261 Section 17. Electrical Specifications 17.1 17.2 17.3 17.4 17.5 17.6 17.7 17.8 17.9 Maximum Ratings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 263 Functional Operating Range. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 264 Thermal Characteristics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 264 5.0-Volt DC Electrical Characteristics. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 265 Control Timing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 266 ADC Characteristics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 266 5.0-Vdc 10% Serial Peripheral Interface (SPI) Timing. . . . . . . . . . . . 267 CGM Operating Conditions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 270 CGM Component Information. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 270 17.10 CGM Acquisition/Lock Time Information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 271 17.11 Timer Module Characteristics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 272 17.12 RAM Characteristics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 272 17.13 EEPROM Characteristics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 272 17.14 BDLC Transmitter VPW Symbol Timings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 272 17.15 BDLC Receiver VPW Symbol Timings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 273 17.16 BDLC Transmitter DC Electrical Characteristics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 274 17.17 BDLC Receiver DC Electrical Characteristics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 274 Section 18. Ordering Information and Mechanical Specifications 18.1 18.2 18.3 18.4 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 275 MC Order Numbers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 275 52-Pin Plastic Leaded Chip Carrier Package (Case 778). . . . . . . . . . . 276 64-Pin Quad Flat Pack (Case 840B) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 277 Data Sheet 16 MC68HC08AS32 -- Rev. 4.1 Freescale Semiconductor Data Sheet -- MC68HC08AS32 Section 1. General Description 1.1 Introduction The MC68HC08AS32 is a member of the low-cost, high-performance M68HC08 Family of 8-bit microcontroller units (MCUs). The M68HC08 Family is based on the customer-specified integrated circuit (CSIC) design strategy. All MCUs in the family use the enhanced M68HC08 central processor unit (CPU08) and are available with a variety of modules, memory sizes and types, and package types. 1.2 Features Features include: * * * * * * * * * * * * * * High-performance M68HC08 architecture Fully upward-compatible object code with M6805, M146805, and M68HC05 Families 8.4-MHz internal bus frequency 32,256 bytes of read-only memory (ROM) ROM data security 512 bytes of on-chip electrically erasable programmable read-only memory (EEPROM) 1024 bytes of on-chip random-access memory (RAM) Serial peripheral interface module (SPI) Serial communications interface module (SCI) 16-bit, 6-channel timer interface module (TIM) Clock generator module (CGM) 8-bit, 15-channel analog-to-digital converter module (ADC) SAE J1850 byte data link controller digital module (BDLC-D) System protection features: - Computer operating properly (COP) with optional reset - Low-voltage detection with optional reset - Illegal opcode detection with optional reset - Illegal address detection with optional reset MC68HC08AS32 -- Rev. 4.1 Freescale Semiconductor Data Sheet 17 * * Low-power design (fully static with stop and wait modes) Master reset pin and power-on reset Features of the CPU08 include: * * * * * * * * * * Enhanced HC05 programming model Extensive loop control functions 16 addressing modes (eight more than the HC05) 16-bit index register and stack pointer Memory-to-memory data transfers Fast 8 x 8 multiply instruction Fast 16/8 divide instruction Binary-coded decimal (BCD) instructions Optimization for controller applications C language support 1.3 MCU Block Diagram Figure 1-1 shows the structure of the MC68HC08AS32. Data Sheet 18 MC68HC08AS32 -- Rev. 4.1 Freescale Semiconductor DDRC USER ROM -- 32,256 BYTES LOW-VOLTAGE INHIBIT MODULE USER EEPROM -- 512 BYTES PTC DDRD USER RAM -- 1024 BYTES MONITOR ROM -- 224 BYTES USER ROM VECTOR SPACE -- 36 BYTES OSC1 OSC2 CGMXFC COMPUTER OPERATING PROPERLY MODULE PTD CLOCK GENERATOR MODULE SERIAL COMMUNICATIONS INTERFACE MODULE DDRE SERIAL PERIPHERAL INTERFACE MODULE DDRF PTF SYSTEM INTEGRATION MODULE IRQ MODULE POWER-ON RESET MODULE BDRxD BDTxD PTE Freescale Semiconductor 19 MC68HC08AS32 -- Rev. 4.1 Data Sheet PTA M68HC08 CPU CPU REGISTERS ARITHMETIC/LOGIC UNIT VREFH ANALOG-TO-DIGITAL CONVERTER MODULE DDRA INTERNAL BUS PTA7-PTA0 DDRB PTB PTB7/ATD7-PTB0/ATD0 CONTROL AND STATUS REGISTERS -- 69 BYTES BREAK MODULE PTC4-PTC3 PTC2/MCLK PTC1-PTC0 PTD6/ATD14/TCLK PTD5/ATD13-PTD0/ATD8 TIMER INTERFACE MODULE PTE7/SPSCK PTE6/MOSI PTE5/MISO PTE4/SS PTE3/TCH1 PTE2/TCH0 PTE1/RxD PTE0/TxD PTF3/TCH5 PTF2/TCH4 PTF1/TCH3 PTF0/TCH2 RST BYTE DATA LINK CONTROLLER DIGITAL MODULE IRQ VDDA/VDDAREF VSSA/VREFL VSS VDD POWER Figure 1-1. MCU Block Diagram for 52-Pin PLCC and 64-Pin QFP 1.4 Pin Assignments Figure 1-2 shows the 52-pin plastic leaded chip carrier (PLCC) assignments and Figure 1-3 shows the 64-pin quad flat pack (QFP) assignments. PTD6/ATD14/TCLK VDDA/VDDAREF PTD5/ATD13 48 1 7 6 5 4 3 2 52 51 50 PTC4 IRQ RST PTF0/TCH2 PTF1/TCH3 PTF2/TCH4 PTF3/TCH5 BDRxD BDTxD PTE0/TxD PTE1/RxD PTE2/TCH0 PTE3/TCH1 49 47 PTD4/ATD12 PTC2/MCLK VSSA/VREFL CGMXFC VREFH OSC1 OSC2 PTC3 PTC1 PTC0 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 46 45 44 43 42 41 40 39 38 37 36 35 34 PTD3/ATD11 PTD2/ATD10 PTD1/ATD9 PTD0/ATD8 PTB7/ATD7 PTB6/ATD6 PTB5/ATD5 PTB4/ATD4 PTB3/ATD3 PTB2/ATD2 PTB1/ATD1 PTB0/ATD0 PTA7 28 29 30 31 32 PTA5 PTE6/MOSI PTE7/SPSCK PTE5/MISO PTE4/SS VSS VDD PTA0 PTA1 PTA2 PTA3 PTA4 Figure 1-2. 52-Pin PLCC Assignments (Top View) Data Sheet 20 PTA6 33 MC68HC08AS32 -- Rev. 4.1 Freescale Semiconductor PTD6/ATD14/TCLK PTD5 /ATD13 PTC2/MCLK CGMXFC VREFH OSC1 OSC2 PTC3 PTC1 PTC0 VDDA VSSA NC NC PTD4/ ATD12 50 64 63 62 61 60 59 58 57 56 55 54 53 52 PTC4 IRQ RST PTF0/TCH2 PTF1/TCH3 PTF2/TCH4 PTF3/TCH5 NC BDRxD BDTxD NC NC PTE0/TxD PTE1/RxD PTE2/TCH0 PTE3/TCH1 51 49 NC 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 48 47 46 45 44 43 42 41 40 39 38 37 36 35 34 NC PTD3/ATD11 PTD2/ATD10 NC NC PTD1/ATD9 PTD0/ATD8 PTB7/ATD7 PTB6/ATD6 PTB5/ATD5 PTB4/ATD4 PTB3/ATD3 PTB2/ATD2 PTB1/ATD1 PTB0/ATD0 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 PTE4/SS 17 31 16 33 PTA6 32 PTA7 PTE7/SPSCK PTE5/MISO VDD NC NC NC PTA0 PTA1 PTA2 PTA3 PTA4 PTE6/MOSI Figure 1-3. 64-Pin QFP Assignments (Top View) MC68HC08AS32 -- Rev. 4.1 Freescale Semiconductor PTA5 VSS Data Sheet 21 1.4.1 Power Supply Pins (VDD and VSS) VDD and VSS are the power supply and ground pins. The MCU operates from a single power supply. Fast signal transitions on MCU pins place high, short-duration current demands on the power supply. To prevent noise problems, take special care to provide power supply bypassing at the MCU as Figure 1-4 shows. Place the C1 bypass capacitor as close to the MCU as possible. Use a high-frequency-response ceramic capacitor for C1. C2 is an optional bulk current bypass capacitor for use in applications that require the port pins to source high current levels. VSS is also the ground for the port output buffers and the ground return for the serial clock in the serial peripheral interface module (SPI). (See Section 14. Serial Peripheral Interface (SPI).) NOTE: VSS must be grounded for proper MCU operation. MCU VDD VSS C1 0.1 F + C2 VDD NOTE: Component values shown represent typical applications. Figure 1-4. Power Supply Bypassing 1.4.2 Oscillator Pins (OSC1 and OSC2) The OSC1 and OSC2 pins are the connections for the on-chip oscillator circuit. (See Section 5. Clock Generator Module (CGM).) 1.4.3 External Reset Pin (RST) A logic 0 on the RST pin forces the MCU to a known startup state. RST is bidirectional, allowing a reset of the entire system. It is driven low when any internal reset source is asserted. (See Section 13. System Integration Module (SIM) for more information.) Data Sheet 22 MC68HC08AS32 -- Rev. 4.1 Freescale Semiconductor 1.4.4 External Interrupt Pin (IRQ) IRQ is an asynchronous external interrupt pin. (See Section 8. External Interrupt (IRQ).) 1.4.5 Analog Power Supply Pin (VDDA/VDDAREF) VDDA/VDDAREF is the power supply pin for the analog portion of the chip. These modules are the analog-to-digital converter (ADC) and the clock generator module (CGM). (See Section 5. Clock Generator Module (CGM) and Section 3. Analog-to-Digital Converter (ADC).) 1.4.6 ADC High Reference Pin (VREFH) VREFH is the high reference voltage for all analog-to-digital conversions. (See Section 3. Analog-to-Digital Converter (ADC).) 1.4.7 Analog Ground Pin (VSSA/VREFL) The VSSA/VREFL analog ground pin is used only for the ground connections for the analog sections of the circuit and should be decoupled as per the VSS digital ground pin. The analog sections consist of a clock generator module (CGM) and an analog-to-digital converter (ADC). VSSA/VREFL is also the lower reference supply for the ADC. (See Section 5. Clock Generator Module (CGM) and Section 3. Analog-to-Digital Converter (ADC).) 1.4.8 External Filter Capacitor Pin (CGMXFC) CGMXFC is an external filter capacitor connection for the CGM. (See Section 5. Clock Generator Module (CGM).) 1.4.9 Port A Input/Output (I/O) Pins (PTA7-PTA0) PTA7-PTA0 are general-purpose bidirectional I/O port pins. (See Section 11. Input/Output (I/O) Ports.) 1.4.10 Port B I/O Pins (PTB7/ATD7-PTB0/ATD0) Port B is an 8-bit special function port that shares all eight pins with the analog-to-digital converter (ADC). (See Section 3. Analog-to-Digital Converter (ADC) and Section 11. Input/Output (I/O) Ports.) 1.4.11 Port C I/O Pins (PTC4-PTC0) PTC4-PTC3 and PTC1-PTC0 are general-purpose bidirectional I/O port pins. PTC2/MCLK is a special function port that shares its pin with the system clock. (See Section 11. Input/Output (I/O) Ports.) MC68HC08AS32 -- Rev. 4.1 Freescale Semiconductor Data Sheet 23 1.4.12 Port D I/O Pins (PTD6/ATD14/TCLKA-PTD0/ATD8) Port D is a 7-bit special function port that shares all of its pins with the analog-to-digital converter module (ADC) and one of its pins with the timer interface module (TIM). (See Section 15. Timer Interface (TIM), Section 3. Analog-to-Digital Converter (ADC), and Section 11. Input/Output (I/O) Ports.) 1.4.13 Port E I/O Pins (PTE7/SPSCK-PTE0/TxD) Port E is an 8-bit special function port that shares two of its pins with the timer interface module (TIM), four of its pins with the serial peripheral interface module (SPI), and two of its pins with the serial communication interface module (SCI). (See Section 12. Serial Communications Interface (SCI), Section 14. Serial Peripheral Interface (SPI), Section 15. Timer Interface (TIM), and Section 11. Input/Output (I/O) Ports.) 1.4.14 Port F I/O Pins (PTF3/TCH5-PTF0/TCH2) Port F is a 4-bit special function port that shares all of its pins with the timer interface module (TIM). (See Section 15. Timer Interface (TIM) and Section 11. Input/Output (I/O) Ports.) 1.4.15 J1850 Transmit Pin Digital (BDTxD) BDTxD is a serial digital output data physical interface to the J1850. (See Section 4. Byte Data Link Controller-Digital (BDLC-D).) 1.4.16 J1850 Receive Pin Digital (BDRxD) BDRxD is a serial digital input data physical interface from the J1850. (See Section 4. Byte Data Link Controller-Digital (BDLC-D). Table 1-1. External Pins Summary Pin Name PTA7-PTA0 PTB7/ATD7-PTB0/ATD0 PTC4-PTC3 PTC2/MCLK PTC1-PTC0 PTD6/ATD14/TCLK Function General-purpose I/O General-purpose I/O ADC channel General-purpose I/O General-purpose I/O, bus clock output General-purpose I/O General-purpose I/O ADC channel/timer external input clock General-purpose I/O ADC channel Driver Type Dual state Dual state Dual state Dual state Dual state Dual state Hysteresis No No No No No No Reset State Input, Hi-Z Input, Hi-Z Input, Hi-Z Input, Hi-Z Input, Hi-Z Input, Hi-Z PTD5/ATD13-PTD0/ATD8 Dual state No Input, Hi-Z Data Sheet 24 MC68HC08AS32 -- Rev. 4.1 Freescale Semiconductor Table 1-1. External Pins Summary (Continued) Pin Name PTE7/SPSCK PTE6/MOSI PTE5/MISO PTE4/SS PTE3/TCH1 PTE2/TCH0 PTE1/RxD PTE0/TxD PTF3/TCH5 PTF2/TCH4 PTF1/TCH3 PTF0/TCH2 VDD VSS VDDA/VDDAREF VSSA/VREFL VREFH OSC1 OSC2 CGMXFC IRQ RST BDRxD BDTxD Function General-purpose I/O SPI clock General-purpose I/O SPI data path General-purpose I/O SPI data path General-purpose I/O SPI slave select General-purpose I/O Timer channel 1 General-purpose I/O Timer channel 0 General-purpose I/O SCI receive data General-purpose I/O SCI transmit data General-purpose I/O Timer channel 5 General-purpose I/O Timer channel 4 General-purpose I/O Timer channel 3 General-purpose I/O Timer channel 2 Chip power supply Chip ground Analog power supply (CGM and ADC) Analog ground A/D reference voltage A/D reference voltage External clock in External clock out PLL loop filter cap External interrupt request Reset BDLC-D serial input BDLC-D serial output Driver Type Dual state Open drain Dual state Open drain Dual state Open drain Dual state Dual state Dual state Dual state Dual state Dual state Dual state Dual state Dual state N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A Output Hysteresis Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A No No Reset State Input, Hi-Z Input, Hi-Z Input, Hi-Z Input, Hi-Z Input, Hi-Z Input, Hi-Z Input, Hi-Z Input, Hi-Z Input, Hi-Z Input, Hi-Z Input, Hi-Z Input, Hi-Z N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A Input, Hi-Z Output N/A Input, Hi-Z Output low Input, Hi-Z Output low MC68HC08AS32 -- Rev. 4.1 Freescale Semiconductor Data Sheet 25 Table 1-2. Clock Source Summary Module ADC BDLC COP CPU EEPROM SPI SCI TIM SIM IRQ BRK LVI CGM Clock Source CGMXCLK or bus clock CGMXCLK CGMXCLK Bus clock Internal RC oscillator or bus clock Bus clock/SPSCK CGMXCLK Bus clock or PTD6/ATD14/TCLK CGMOUT and CGMXCLK Bus clock Bus clock Bus clock OSC1 and OSC2 Data Sheet 26 MC68HC08AS32 -- Rev. 4.1 Freescale Semiconductor Data Sheet -- MC68HC08AS32 Section 2. Memory 2.1 Introduction The CPU08 can address 64 Kbytes of memory space. The memory map, shown in Figure 2-1, includes: * * * * * 32,256 bytes of user ROM 1024 bytes of RAM 512 bytes of EEPROM 36 bytes of user-defined vectors 224 bytes of monitor ROM These definitions apply to the memory map representation of reserved and unimplemented locations. * * Reserved -- Accessing a reserved location can have unpredictable effects on MCU operation. Unimplemented -- Accessing an unimplemented location causes an illegal address reset if illegal address resets are enabled 2.2 Input/Output (I/O) Section Addresses $0000-$003F, shown in Figure 2-2, contain most of the control, status, and data registers. Additional I/O registers have these addresses: * * * * * * * * * * $FE00, SIM break status register, SBSR $FE01, SIM reset status register, SRSR $FE03, SIM break flag control register, SBFCR $FE0C and $FE0D, break address registers, BRKH and BRKL $FE0E, break status and control register, BRKSCR $FE0F, LVI status register, LVISR $FE1C, EEPROM non-volatile register, EENVR $FE1D, EEPROM control register, EECR $FE1F, EEPROM array configuration register, EEACR $FFFF, COP control register, COPCTL Table 2-1 is a list of vector locations. MC68HC08AS32 -- Rev. 4.1 Freescale Semiconductor Data Sheet 27 . $0000 $003F $0040 $004F $0050 $044F $0450 $0451 $0452 $07FF $0800 $09FF $0A00 $0A01 $0A02 $7FFF $8000 $FDFF $FE00 $FE01 $FE02 $FE03 $FE04 $FE0B $FE0C $FE0D $FE0E $FE0F $FE10 $FE1B $FE1C $FE1D $FE1E $FE1F $FE20 $FEFF $FF00 $FFDB $FFDC $FFFF I/O REGISTERS -- 58 BYTES ($000A, $000B, $000E, $000F, $001B, AND $0021 ARE RESERVED) UNIMPLEMENTED 16 BYTES RAM 1024 BYTES RESERVED 2 BYTES UNIMPLEMENTED 942BYTES EEPROM 512 BYTES RESERVED 2 BYTES UNIMPLEMENTED 30,206 BYTES ROM 32,256 BYTES SIM BREAK STATUS REGISTER (SBSR) SIM RESET STATUS REGISTER (SRSR) RESERVED SIM BREAK FLAG CONTROL REGISTER (SBFCR) RESERVED BREAK ADDRESS REGISTER HIGH (BRKH) BREAK ADDRESS REGISTER LOW (BRKL) BREAK STATUS AND CONTROL REGISTER (BRKSCR) LVI STATUS REGISTER (LVISR) RESERVED 12 BYTES EEPROM NON-VOLATILE REGISTER (EENVR) EEPROM CONTROL REGISTER (EECR) RESERVED EEPROM ARRAY CONFIGURATION REGISTER (EEACR) MONITOR ROM 224 BYTES UNIMPLEMENTED 220 BYTES INTERRUPT AND RESET VECTORS 36 BYTES Figure 2-1. Memory Map Data Sheet 28 MC68HC08AS32 -- Rev. 4.1 Freescale Semiconductor Addr. $0000 Register Name Port A Data Register Read: (PTA) Write: See page 140. Reset: Port B Data Register Read: (PTB) Write: See page 142. Reset: Port C Data Register Read: (PTC) Write: See page 144. Reset: Port D Data Register Read: (PTD) Write: See page 146. Reset: Data Direction Register A Read: (DDRA) Write: See page 141. Reset: Data Direction Register B Read: (DDRB) Write: See page 143. Reset: Bit 7 PTA7 6 PTA6 5 PTA5 4 PTA4 3 PTA3 2 PTA2 1 PTA1 Bit 0 PTA0 Unaffected by reset PTB7 PTB6 PTB5 PTB4 PTB3 PTB2 PTB1 PTB0 $0001 Unaffected by reset 0 R 0 R 0 R 0 R PTC4 PTC3 PTC2 PTC1 PTC0 $0002 Unaffected by reset PTD6 PTD5 PTD4 PTD3 PTD2 PTD1 PTD0 $0003 Unaffected by reset DDRA7 0 DDRB7 0 DDRA6 0 DDRB6 0 0 R 0 DDRD6 0 PTE6 DDRA5 0 DDRB5 0 0 R 0 DDRD5 0 PTE5 DDRA4 0 DDRB4 0 DDRC4 0 DDRD4 0 PTE4 DDRA3 0 DDRB3 0 DDRC3 0 DDRD3 0 PTE3 DDRA2 0 DDRB2 0 DDRC2 0 DDR2 0 PTE2 DDRA1 0 DDRB1 0 DDRC1 0 DDRD1 0 PTE1 DDRA0 0 DDRB0 0 DDRC0 0 DDRD0 0 PTE0 $0004 $0005 $0006 Data Direction Register C Read: MCLKEN (DDRC) Write: See page 145. Reset: 0 Data Direction Register D Read: (DDRD) Write: See page 147. Reset: Port E Data Register Read: (PTE) Write: See page 149. Reset: Port F Data Register Read: (PTF) Write: See page 151. Reset: Reserved 0 R 0 PTE7 $0007 $0008 Unaffected by reset 0 R 0 R 0 R 0 R PTF3 PTF2 PTF1 PTF0 $0009 $000A $000B Unaffected by reset R R R R R R R R $000C Data Direction Register E Read: (DDRE) Write: See page 150. Reset: DDRE7 0 R DDRE6 0 = Reserved DDRE5 0 DDRE4 0 U = Unaffected DDRE3 0 DDRE2 0 DDRE1 0 DDRE0 0 Figure 2-2. Control, Status, and Data Register (Sheet 1 of 6) MC68HC08AS32 -- Rev. 4.1 Freescale Semiconductor Data Sheet 29 Addr. $000D $000E $000F Register Name Data Direction Register F Read: (DDRF) Write: See page 153. Reset: Reserved Bit 7 0 R 0 R 6 0 R 0 R 5 0 R 0 R 4 0 R 0 R 3 DDRF3 0 R 2 DDRF2 0 R 1 DDRF1 0 R Bit 0 DDRF0 0 R $0010 SPI Control Register Read: (SPCR) Write: See page 221. Reset: SPI Status and Control Register Read: (SPSCR) Write: See page 223. Reset: SPI Data Register Read: (SPDR) Write: See page 225. Reset: SCI Control Register 1 Read: (SCC1) Write: See page 170. Reset: SCI Control Register 2 Read: (SCC2) Write: See page 172. Reset: SCI Control Register 3 Read: (SCC3) Write: See page 174. Reset: SCI Status Register 1 Read: (SCS1) Write: See page 175. Reset: SCI Status Register 2 Read: (SCS2) Write: See page 178. Reset: SCI Data Register Read: (SCDR) Write: See page 179. Reset: SCI Baud Rate Register Read: (SCBR) Write: See page 179. Reset: SPRIE 0 SPRF R 0 R7 T7 R 0 ERRIE 0 R6 T6 SPMSTR 1 OVRF R 0 R5 T5 CPOL 0 MODF R 0 R4 T4 CPHA 1 SPTE R 1 R3 T3 SPWOM 0 MODFEN 0 R2 T2 SPE 0 SPR1 0 R1 T1 SPTIE 0 SPR0 0 R0 T0 $0011 $0012 Unaffected by reset LOOPS 0 SCTIE 0 R8 R U SCTE R 1 0 R 0 R7 T7 0 R 0 R ENSCI 0 TCIE 0 T8 U TC R 1 0 R 0 R6 T6 0 R 0 = Reserved TXINV 0 SCRIE 0 R 0 SCRF R 0 0 R 0 R5 T5 M 0 ILIE 0 R 0 IDLE R 0 0 R 0 R4 T4 WAKE 0 TE 0 ORIE 0 OR R 0 0 R 0 R3 T3 ILTY 0 RE 0 NEIE 0 NF R 0 0 R 0 R2 T2 PEN 0 RWU 0 FEIE 0 FE R 0 BKF R 0 R1 T1 PTY 0 SBK 0 PEIE 0 PE R 0 RPF R 0 R0 T0 $0013 $0014 $0015 $0016 $0017 $0018 Unaffected by reset SCP1 0 SCP0 0 U = Unaffected R 0 SCR2 0 SCR1 0 SCR0 0 $0019 Figure 2-2. Control, Status, and Data Register (Sheet 2 of 6) Data Sheet 30 MC68HC08AS32 -- Rev. 4.1 Freescale Semiconductor Addr. Register Name Bit 7 0 R 0 R 6 0 R 0 R PLLF R 0 LOCK R 5 0 R 0 R 4 0 R 0 R 3 IRQF R 0 R 1 R 1 0 R 2 0 ACK1 0 R 1 R 1 0 R 1 IMASK 0 R 1 R 1 0 R Bit 0 MODE1 0 R 1 R 1 0 R IRQ Status and Control Register Read: $001A (ISCR) Write: See page 132. Reset: $001B Reserved PLL Control Register Read: (PCTL) Write: See page 99. Reset: $001C PLLIE 0 AUTO PLLON 1 ACQ BCS 0 XLD PLL Bandwidth Control Register Read: $001D (PBWC) Write: See page 100. Reset: $001E PLL Programming Register Read: (PPG) Write: See page 102. Reset: Mask Option Register (MOR) Write: Reset: MUL7 0 R 0 TOF 0 0 R Bit 15 R 0 Bit 7 R 0 Bit 15 1 Bit 7 1 CH0F 0 0 R MUL6 0 ROMSEC R 1 TOIE 0 R 14 R 0 6 R 0 14 1 6 1 CH0IE 0 = Reserved MUL5 0 LVIRST R 1 TSTOP 1 R 13 R 0 5 R 0 13 1 5 1 MS0B 0 MUL4 0 LVIPWR R 0 0 TRST 0 R 12 R 0 4 R 0 12 1 4 1 MS0A 0 U = Unaffected VRS7 0 SSREC R 0 0 R 0 R 11 R 0 3 R 0 11 1 3 1 ELS0B 0 VRS6 0 COPS R 1 PS2 0 R 10 R 0 2 R 0 10 1 2 1 ELS0A 0 VRS5 0 STOP R 1 PS1 0 R 9 R 0 1 R 0 9 1 1 1 TOV0 0 VRS4 0 COPD R 0 PS0 0 R Bit 8 R 0 Bit 0 R 0 Bit 8 1 Bit 0 1 CH0MAX 0 Read: LVISTOP $001F $0020 $0021 Timer Status and Control Read: Register (TSC) Write: See page 241. Reset: Reserved Timer Counter Register High Read: (TCNTH) Write: See page 242. Reset: Timer Counter Register Low Read: (TCNTL) Write: See page 242. Reset: Timer Modulo Register High Read: (TMODH) Write: See page 243. Reset: Timer Modulo Register Low Read: (TMODL) Write: See page 243. Reset: Timer Channel 0 Status and Read: Control Register (TSC0) Write: See page 244. Reset: $0022 $0023 $0024 $0025 $0026 Figure 2-2. Control, Status, and Data Register (Sheet 3 of 6) MC68HC08AS32 -- Rev. 4.1 Freescale Semiconductor Data Sheet 31 Addr. $0027 Register Name Timer Channel 0 Register High Read: (TCH0H) Write: See page 248. Reset: Timer Channel 0 Register Low Read: (TCH0L) Write: See page 248. Reset: Timer Channel 1 Status and Read: Control Register (TSC1) Write: See page 244. Reset: Timer Channel 1 Register High Read: (TCH1H) Write: See page 248. Reset: Timer Channel 1 Register Low Read: (TCH1L) Write: See page 248. Reset: Timer Channel 2 Status and Read: Control Register (TSC2) Write: See page 244. Reset: Timer Channel 2 Register High Read: (TCH2H) Write: See page 248. Reset: Timer Channel 2 Register Low Read: (TCH2L) Write: See page 248. Reset: Timer Channel 3 Status and Read: Control Register (TSC3) Write: See page 244. Reset: Timer Channel 3 Register High Read: (TCH3H) Write: See page 248. Reset: Timer Channel 3 Register Low Read: (TCH3L Write: See page 248.) Reset: Timer Channel 4 Status and Read: Control Register (TSC4) Write: See page 244. Reset: Timer Channel 4 Register High Read: (TCH4H) Write: See page 248. Reset: Bit 7 Bit 15 6 14 5 13 4 12 3 11 2 10 1 9 Bit 0 Bit 8 Indeterminate after reset Bit 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 Bit 0 $0028 Indeterminate after reset CH1F 0 0 Bit 15 CH1IE 0 14 0 R 0 13 MS1A 0 12 ELS1B 0 11 ELS1A 0 10 TOV1 0 9 CH1MAX 0 Bit 8 $0029 $002A Indeterminate after reset Bit 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 Bit 0 $002B Indeterminate after reset CH2F 0 0 Bit 15 CH2IE 0 14 MS2B 0 13 MS2A 0 12 ELS2B 0 11 ELS2A 0 10 TOV2 0 9 CH2MAX 0 Bit 8 $002C $002D Indeterminate after reset Bit 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 Bit 0 $002E Indeterminate after reset CH3F 0 0 Bit 15 CH3IE 0 14 0 R 0 13 MS3A 0 12 ELS3B 0 11 ELS3A 0 10 TOV3 0 9 CH3MAX 0 Bit 8 $002F $0030 Indeterminate after reset Bit 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 Bit 0 $0031 Indeterminate after reset CH4F 0 0 Bit 15 CH4IE 0 14 MS4B 0 13 MS4A 0 12 ELS4B 0 11 ELS4A 0 10 TOV4 0 9 CH4MAX 0 Bit 8 $0032 $0033 Indeterminate after reset R = Reserved U = Unaffected Figure 2-2. Control, Status, and Data Register (Sheet 4 of 6) Data Sheet 32 MC68HC08AS32 -- Rev. 4.1 Freescale Semiconductor Addr. $0034 Register Name Timer Channel 4 Register Low Read: (TCH4L) Write: See page 248. Reset: Timer Channel 5 Status and Read: Control Register (TSC5) Write: See page 244. Reset: Timer Channel 5 Register High Read: (TCH5H) Write: See page 248. Reset: Timer Channel 5 Register Low Read: (TCH5L) Write: See page 248. Reset: Analog-to-Digital Status and Read: Control Register (ADSCR) Write: See page 50. Reset: Analog-to-Digital Data Register Read: (ADR) Write: See page 52. Reset: Analog-to-Digital Input Clock Read: Register (ADICLK) Write: See page 52. Reset: BDLC Analog and Roundtrip Read: Delay Register (BARD) Write: See page 77. Reset: BDLC Control Register 1 Read: (BCR1) Write: See page 78. Reset: BDLC Control Register 2 Read: (BCR2) Write: See page 80. Reset: BDLC State Vector Register Read: (BSVR) Write: See page 85. Reset: BDLC Data Register Read: (BDR) Write: See page 87. Reset: SIM Break Status Register Read: (SBSR) Write: See page 198. Reset: Bit 7 Bit 7 6 6 5 5 4 4 3 3 2 2 1 1 Bit 0 Bit 0 Indeterminate after reset CH5F 0 0 Bit 15 CH5IE 0 14 0 R 0 13 MS5A 0 12 ELS5B 0 11 ELS5A 0 10 TOV5 0 9 CH5MAX 0 Bit 8 $0035 $0036 Indeterminate after reset Bit 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 Bit 0 $0037 Indeterminate after reset COCO R 0 AD7 R AIEN 0 AD6 R ADCO 0 AD5 R ADCH4 1 AD4 R ADCH3 1 AD3 R 0 R 0 BO3 0 0 R 0 TEOD 0 I1 R 0 BD3 ADCH2 1 AD2 R 0 R 0 BO2 1 0 R 0 TSIFR 0 I0 R 0 BD2 ADCH1 1 AD1 R 0 R 0 BO1 1 IE 0 TMIFR1 0 0 R 0 BD1 ADCH0 1 AD0 R 0 R 0 BO0 1 WCM 0 TMIFR0 0 0 R 0 BD0 $0038 $0039 Unaffected by reset ADIV2 0 ATE 1 IMSG 1 ALOOP 1 0 R 0 BD7 ADIV1 0 RXPOL 1 CLKS 1 DLOOP 1 0 R 0 BD6 ADIV0 0 0 R 0 R1 1 RX4XE 0 I3 R 0 BD5 ADICLK 0 0 R 0 R0 0 NBFS 0 I2 R 0 BD4 $003A $003B $003C $003D $003E $003F Unaffected by reset R R R R R R SBSW 0 R = Reserved U = Unaffected R $FE00 Figure 2-2. Control, Status, and Data Register (Sheet 5 of 6) MC68HC08AS32 -- Rev. 4.1 Freescale Semiconductor Data Sheet 33 Addr. $FE01 Register Name SIM Reset Status Register Read: (SRSR) Write: See page 199. Reset: Bit 7 POR R 1 BCFE 0 R 6 PIN R 0 R 5 COP R 0 R 4 ILOP R 0 R 3 ILAD R 0 R 2 0 R 0 R 1 LVI R 0 R Bit 0 0 R 0 R SIM Break Flag Control Register Read: $FE03 (SBFCR) Write: See page 200. Reset: $FE07 Reserved Break Address Register High Read: (BRKH) Write: See page 254. Reset: Break Address Register Low Read: (BRKL) Write: See page 254. Reset: Break Status and Control Read: Register (BRKSCR) Write: See page 253. Reset: LVI Status Register Read: (LVISR) Write: See page 135. Reset: EEPROM Non-Volatile Register Read: (EENVR) Write: See page 42. Reset: R R R R R R R $FE0C Bit 15 0 Bit 7 0 BRKE 0 LVIOUT R 0 EERA PV 14 0 6 0 BRKA 0 0 R 0 R 13 0 5 0 0 R 0 0 R 0 R 12 0 4 0 0 R 0 0 R 0 R 11 0 3 0 0 R 0 0 R 0 EEBP3 PV 10 0 2 0 0 R 0 0 R 0 EEBP2 PV 9 0 1 0 0 R 0 0 R 0 EEBP1 PV 0 R 0 R EEBP1 R EENVR Bit 8 0 Bit 0 0 0 R 0 0 R 0 EEBP0 PV $FE0D $FE0E $FE0F $FE1C PV = Programmed value or 1 in the erased state $FE1D $FE1E EEPROM Control Register Read: EEBCLK (EECR) Write: See page 40. Reset: 0 Reserved R EERA R EENVR 0 R 0 R R R EEOFF 0 R R R EERAS1 0 R R R EERAS0 0 R EEBP3 R EENVR EELAT 0 R EEBP2 R EENVR EEPGM 0 R EEBP0 R EENVR EEPROM Array Control Register Read: $FE1F (EEACR) Write: See page 42. Reset: $FFFF COP Control Register Read: (COPCTL) Write: See page 111. Reset: R = Reserved Low byte of reset vector Clear COP Counter Unaffected by reset U = Unaffected Figure 2-2. Control, Status, and Data Register (Sheet 6 of 6) Data Sheet 34 MC68HC08AS32 -- Rev. 4.1 Freescale Semiconductor Table 2-1. Vector Addresses Address Low $FFDC $FFDD $FFDE $FFDF $FFE0 $FFE1 $FFE2 $FFE3 $FFE4 $FFE5 $FFE6 $FFE7 $FFE8 $FFE9 $FFEA $FFEB $FFEC Priority $FFED $FFEE $FFEF $FFF0 $FFF1 $FFF2 $FFF3 $FFF4 $FFF5 $FFF6 $FFF7 $FFF8 $FFF9 $FFFA $FFFB $FFFC $FFFD High $FFFE $FFFF Vector BDLC Vector (High) BDLC Vector (Low) ADC Vector (High) ADC Vector (Low) SCI Transmit Vector (High) SCI Transmit Vector (Low) SCI Receive Vector (High) SCI Receive Vector (Low) SCI Error Vector (High) SCI Error Vector (Low) SPI Transmit Vector (High) SPI Transmit Vector (Low) SPI Receive Vector (High) SPI Receive Vector (Low) TIM Overflow Vector (High) TIM Overflow Vector (Low) TIM Channel 5 Vector (High) TIM Channel 5 Vector (Low) TIM Channel 4 Vector (High) TIM Channel 4 Vector (Low) TIM Channel 3 Vector (High) TIM Channel 3 Vector (Low) TIM Channel 2 Vector (High) TIM Channel 2 Vector (Low) TIM Channel 1 Vector (High) TIM Channel 1 Vector (Low) TIM Channel 0 Vector (High) TIM Channel 0 Vector (Low) PLL Vector (High) PLL Vector (Low) IRQ Vector (High) IRQ Vector (Low) SWI Vector (High) SWI Vector (Low) Reset Vector (High) Reset Vector (Low) Data Sheet 35 MC68HC08AS32 -- Rev. 4.1 Freescale Semiconductor 2.3 Random-Access Memory (RAM) Addresses $0050-$044F are RAM locations. The location of the stack RAM is programmable. The 16-bit stack pointer allows the stack to be anywhere in the 1024-byte memory space. NOTE: For correct operation, the stack pointer must point only to RAM locations. Within page zero are 176 bytes of RAM. Because the location of the stack RAM is programmable, all page zero RAM locations can be used for input/output (I/O) control and user data or code. When the stack pointer is moved from its reset location at $00FF, direct addressing mode instructions can access all page zero RAM locations efficiently. Page zero RAM, therefore, provides ideal locations for frequently accessed global variables. Before processing an interrupt, the CPU uses five bytes of the stack to save the contents of the CPU registers. NOTE: For M68HC05, M6805, and M146805 compatibility, the H register is not stacked. During a subroutine call, the CPU uses two bytes of the stack to store the return address. The stack pointer decrements during pushes and increments during pulls. NOTE: Be careful when using nested subroutines. The CPU could overwrite data in the RAM during a subroutine or during the interrupt stacking operation. 2.4 Read-Only Memory (ROM) The user ROM consists of 32,256 bytes of ROM from addresses $8000-$FDFF. The monitor ROM and vectors are located from $FE20-$FEFF. See Figure 2-1. Memory Map. Thirty-six of the user vectors, $FFDC-$FFFF, are dedicated to user-defined reset and interrupt vectors. Security has been incorporated into the MC68HC08AS32 to prevent external viewing of the ROM contents. This feature ensures that customer-developed software remains proprietary. 2.5 Electrically Erasable Programmable ROM (EEPROM) This subsection describes the 512 bytes of electrically erasable programmable ROM (EEPROM). Features include: * * * * * Data Sheet 36 Byte, block, or bulk erasable Non-volatile redundant array option Non-volatile block protection option Non-volatile MCU configuration bits On-chip charge pump for programming/erasing MC68HC08AS32 -- Rev. 4.1 Freescale Semiconductor 2.5.1 Functional Description Addresses $0800-$09FF are EEPROM locations. The 512 bytes of EEPROM can be programmed or erased without an external voltage supply. The EEPROM has a lifetime of 10,000 write-erase cycles in the non-redundant mode. Reliability (data retention) is further extended if the redundancy option is selected. EEPROM cells are protected with a non-volatile, 128-byte, block protection option. These options are stored in the EEPROM non-volatile register (EENVR) and are loaded into the EEPROM array configuration register (EEACR) after reset or a read of EENVR. The EEPROM array also can be disabled to reduce current. 2.5.1.1 EEPROM Programming The unprogrammed state is a logic 1. Programming changes the state to a logic 0. Only valid EEPROM bytes in the non-protected blocks and EENVR can be programmed. When the array is configured in the redundant mode, programming the first 256 bytes ($0800-$08FF) will also program the last 256 bytes ($0900-$09FF) with the same data. Programming the EEPROM in the non-redundant mode is recommended. Program the data to both locations before entering the redundant mode. Follow this procedure to program a byte of EEPROM. Refer to 17.4 5.0-Volt DC Electrical Characteristics for timing values. 1. Clear EERAS1 and EERAS0 and set EELAT in the EECR ($FE1D). Set value of tEEPGM. (See Notes a and b.) 2. Write the desired data to any user EEPROM address. 3. Set the EEPGM bit. (See Note c.) 4. Wait for a time, tEEPGM, to program the byte. 5. Clear the EEPGM bit. 6. Wait for the programming voltage time to fall, tEEFPV. 7. Clear EELAT bits. (See Note d.) 8. Repeat steps 1 through 7 for more EEPROM programming. NOTES: a. EERAS1 and EERAS0 must be cleared for programming. Otherwise, you will be in erase mode. b. Setting the EELAT bit configures the address and data buses to latch data for programming the array. Only data with a valid EEPROM address will be latched. If another consecutive valid EEPROM write occurs, this address and data will override the previous address and data. Any attempts to read other EEPROM data will read the latched data. If EELAT is set, other writes to the EECR will be allowed after a valid EEPROM write. c. The EEPGM bit cannot be set if the EELAT bit is cleared and a non-EEPROM write has occurred. This is to ensure proper programming sequence. When EEPGM is set, the on-board charge MC68HC08AS32 -- Rev. 4.1 Freescale Semiconductor Data Sheet 37 pump generates the program voltage and applies it to the user EEPROM array. When the EEPGM bit is cleared, the program voltage is removed from the array and the internal charge pump is turned off. d. Any attempt to clear both EEPGM and EELAT bits with a single instruction will clear only EEPGM to allow time for removal of high voltage from the EEPROM array. 2.5.1.2 EEPROM Erasing The unprogrammed state is a logic 1. Only the valid EEPROM bytes in the non-protected blocks and EENVR can be erased. When the array is configured in the redundant mode, erasing the first 256 bytes ($0800-$08FF) also will erase the last 256 bytes ($0900-$09FF). Follow this procedure to erase EEPROM. Refer to for timing values. 1. Clear/set EERAS1 and EERAS0 to select byte/block/bulk erase, and set EELAT in EECTL. Set value of tEEBYT/tEEBLOCK/tEEBULK. (See Note a.) 2. Write any data to the desired address for byte erase, to any address in the desired block for block erase, or to any array address for bulk erase. 3. Set the EEPGM bit. (See Note b.) 4. Wait for a time, tEEPGM, to program the byte. 5. Clear EEPGM bit. 6. Wait for the erasing voltage time to fall, tEEFPV. 7. Clear EELAT bits. (See Note c.) 8. Repeat steps 1 through 7 for more EEPROM byte/block erasing. EEBPx bit must be cleared to erase EEPROM data in the corresponding block. If any EEBPx is set, the corresponding block cannot be erased and bulk erase mode does not apply. NOTES: a. Setting the EELAT bit configures the address and data buses to latch data for erasing the array. Only valid EEPROM addresses with their data will be latched. If another consecutive valid EEPROM write occurs, this address and data will override the previous address and data. In block erase mode, any EEPROM address in the block can be used in step 2. All locations within this block will be erased. In bulk erase mode, any EEPROM address can be used to erase the whole EEPROM. EENVR is not affected with block or bulk erase. Any attempts to read other EEPROM data will read the latched data. If EELAT is set, other writes to the EECR will be allowed after a valid EEPROM write. b. To ensure the proper erasing sequence, the EEPGM bit cannot be set if the EELAT bit is cleared and a non-EEPROM write has occurred. Once EEPGM is set, the type of erase mode cannot be modified. If EEPGM is set, the on-board charge pump generates the erase voltage Data Sheet 38 MC68HC08AS32 -- Rev. 4.1 Freescale Semiconductor and applies it to the user EEPROM array. When the EEPGM bit is cleared, the erase voltage is removed from the array and the internal charge pump is turned off. c. Any attempt to clear both EEPGM and EELAT bits with a single instruction will clear only EEPGM to allow time for removal of high voltage from the EEPROM array. In general, all bits should be erased before being programmed. However, if program/erase cycling is of concern, the following procedure can be used to minimize bit cycling in each EEPROM byte. If any bit in a byte must be changed from a 0 to a 1, the byte needs to be erased before programming. Table 2-2 summarizes the conditions for erasing before programming. Table 2-2. EEPROM Program/Erase Cycling Reduction EEPROM Data To Be Programmed 0 0 1 1 EEPROM Data Before Programming 0 1 0 1 Erase Before Programming? No No Yes No 2.5.1.3 EEPROM Block Protection The 512 bytes of EEPROM are divided into four 128-byte blocks. Each of these blocks can be protected separately by the EEBPx bit. Any attempt to program or erase memory locations within the protected block will not allow the program/erase voltage to be applied to the array. Table 2-3 shows the address ranges within the blocks. Table 2-3. EEPROM Array Address Blocks Block Number (EEBPx) EEBP0 EEBP1 EEBP2 EEBP3 Address Range $0800-$087F $0880-$08FF $0900-$097F $0980-$09FF If the EEBPx bit is set, that corresponding address block is protected. These bits are effective after a reset or a read to the EENVR register. The block protect configuration can be modified by erasing/ programming the corresponding bits in the EENVR register and then reading the EENVR register. In redundant mode, EEBP3 and EEBP2 will have no meaning. MC68HC08AS32 -- Rev. 4.1 Freescale Semiconductor Data Sheet 39 2.5.1.4 EEPROM Redundant Mode To extend the EEPROM data retention, the array can be placed in redundant mode. In this mode, the first 256 bytes of user EEPROM array are mapped to the last 256 bytes. Reading, programming and erasing of the first 256 EEPROM bytes ($0800-$08FF) will physically affect two bytes of EEPROM. Addressing the last 256 bytes will not be recognized. Block protection still applies but EEBP3 and EEBP2 are meaningless. NOTE: Before entering redundant mode, program the EEPROM in non-redundant mode. 2.5.1.5 EEPROM Configuration The EEPROM non-volatile register (EENVR) contains configurations concerning block protection and redundancy. EENVR is physically located on the bottom of the EEPROM array. The contents are non-volatile and are not modified by reset. On reset, this special register loads the EEPROM configuration into a corresponding volatile EEPROM array configuration register (EEACR). Thereafter, all reads to the EENVR will reload EEACR. The EEPROM configuration can be changed by programming/erasing the EENVR like a normal EEPROM byte. The new array configuration will take effect with a system reset or a read of the EENVR. 2.5.1.6 EEPROM Control Register This read/write register controls programming/erasing of the array. Address: Read: Write: Reset: $FE1D Bit 7 EEBCLK 0 R 6 0 R 0 = Reserved 5 EEOFF 0 4 EERAS1 0 3 EERAS0 0 2 EELAT 0 1 0 R 0 Bit 0 EEPGM 0 Figure 2-3. EEPROM Control Register (EECR) EEBCLK -- EEPROM Bus Clock Enable Bit This read/write bit determines which clock will be used to drive the internal charge pump for programming/erasing. Reset clears this bit. 1 = Bus clock drives charge pump. 0 = Internal RC oscillator drives charge pump. NOTE: Use the internal RC oscillator for applications in the 3- to 5-V range. Data Sheet 40 MC68HC08AS32 -- Rev. 4.1 Freescale Semiconductor EEOFF -- EEPROM Power Down Bit This read/write bit disables the EEPROM module for lower power consumption. Any attempts to access the array will give unpredictable results. Reset clears this bit. 1 = Disable EEPROM array 0 = Enable EEPROM array NOTE: The EEPROM requires a recovery time, tEEOFF, to stabilize after clearing the EEOFF bit. Refer to for timing values. EERAS1-EERAS0 -- EEPROM Erase Bits These read/write bits set the programming/erasing modes. Reset clears these bits. Table 2-4. EEPROM Program/Erase Mode Select EEBPx 0 0 0 0 1 X = Don't Care EERAS1 0 0 1 1 X EERA0 0 1 0 1 X Mode Byte program Byte erase Block erase Bulk erase No erase/program EELAT -- EEPROM Latch Control Bit This read/write bit latches the address and data buses for programming the EEPROM array. EELAT cannot be cleared if EEPGM is still set. Reset clears this bit. 1 = Buses configured for EEPROM programming 0 = Buses configured for normal read operation EEPGM -- EEPROM Program/Erase Enable Bit This read/write bit enables the internal charge pump and applies the programming/erasing voltage to the EEPROM array if the EELAT bit is set and a write to a valid EEPROM location has occurred. Reset clears the EEPGM bit. 1 = EEPROM programming/erasing power switched on 0 = EEPROM programming/erasing power switched off NOTE: Writing logic 0s to both the EELAT and EEPGM bits with a single instruction will clear only EEPGM. This is to allow time for the removal of high voltage. MC68HC08AS32 -- Rev. 4.1 Freescale Semiconductor Data Sheet 41 2.5.1.7 EEPROM Non-Volatile Register and EEPROM Array Configuration Register These registers configure the EEPROM array blocks for programming purposes. EEACR loads its contents from the EENVR register at reset and upon any read of the EENVR register. Address: Read: Write: Reset: $FE1F Bit 7 EERA R EENVR R 6 R R R = Reserved 5 R R R 4 R R R 3 EEBP3 R EENVR 2 EEBP2 R EENVR 1 EEBP1 R EENVR Bit 0 EEBP0 R EENVR Figure 2-4. EEPROM Array Control Register (EEACR) Address: Read: Write: Reset: $FE1C Bit 7 EERA PV R 6 R R = Reserved 5 R R 4 R R 3 EEBP3 PV 2 EEBP2 PV 1 EEBP1 PV Bit 0 EEBP0 PV PV = Programmed value or 1 in the erased state Figure 2-5. EEPROM Non-volatile Register (EENVR) EERA -- EEPROM Redundant Array Bit This programmable/erasable/readable bit in EENVR and read-only bit in EEACR configures the array in redundant mode. Reset loads EERA from EENVR to EEACR. 1 = EEPROM array in redundant mode configuration 0 = EEPROM array in normal mode configuration EEBP3-EEBP0 -- EEPROM Block Protection Bits These programmable/erasable/readable bits in EENVR and read-only bits in EEACR select blocks of EEPROM array to keep them from being programmed or erased. Reset loads EEBP[3:0] from EENVR to EEACR. See 2.5.1.3 EEPROM Block Protection. 1 = EEPROM array block protected 0 = EEPROM array block unprotected Data Sheet 42 MC68HC08AS32 -- Rev. 4.1 Freescale Semiconductor 2.5.2 Low-Power Modes The following paragraphs describe the low-power modes. 2.5.2.1 Wait Mode The WAIT instruction does not affect the EEPROM. It is possible to program the EEPROM while the MCU is in wait mode. However, if the EEPROM is inactive, power can be reduced by setting the EEOFF bit before executing the WAIT instruction. 2.5.2.2 Stop Mode The STOP instruction reduces the EEPROM power consumption to a minimum. The STOP instruction should not be executed while the high voltage is turned on (EEPGM = 1). If stop mode is entered while program/erase is in progress, high voltage will be turned off automatically. However, the EEPGM bit will remain set. When stop mode is terminated and if EEPGM is still set, the high voltage will be turned back on automatically. Program/erase time will need to be extended if program/erase is interrupted by entering stop mode. The module requires a recovery time, tEESTOP, to stabilize after leaving stop mode (see 17.4 5.0-Volt DC Electrical Characteristics). Attempts to access the array during the recovery time will result in unpredictable behavior. MC68HC08AS32 -- Rev. 4.1 Freescale Semiconductor Data Sheet 43 Data Sheet 44 MC68HC08AS32 -- Rev. 4.1 Freescale Semiconductor Data Sheet -- MC68HC08AS32 Section 3. Analog-to-Digital Converter (ADC) 3.1 Introduction This section describes the 8-bit analog-to-digital converter (ADC). 3.2 Features Features of the ADC module include: * * * * * * 15 channels (52-PLCC) with multiplexed input Linear successive approximation 8-bit resolution Single or continuous conversion Conversion complete flag or conversion complete interrupt Selectable ADC clock 3.3 Functional Description Fifteen ADC channels are available for sampling external sources at pins PTD6/ATD14/TCLK-PTD0/ATD8 and PTB7/ATD7-PTB0/ATD0. An analog multiplexer allows the single ADC converter to select one of the 15 ADC channels as ADC voltage input (ADCVIN). ADCVIN is converted by the successive approximation register-based counters. When the conversion is completed, ADC places the result in the ADC data register and sets a flag or generates an interrupt. (See Figure 3-2.) MC68HC08AS32 -- Rev. 4.1 Freescale Semiconductor Data Sheet 45 PTA M68HC08 CPU CPU REGISTERS ARITHMETIC/LOGIC UNIT VREFH ANALOG-TO-DIGITAL CONVERTER MODULE DDRA DDRB PTB DDRC USER ROM -- 32,256 BYTES LOW-VOLTAGE INHIBIT MODULE USER EEPROM -- 512 BYTES PTC DDRD USER RAM -- 1024 BYTES MONITOR ROM -- 224 BYTES USER ROM VECTOR SPACE -- 36 BYTES OSC1 OSC2 CGMXFC COMPUTER OPERATING PROPERLY MODULE PTD CLOCK GENERATOR MODULE SERIAL COMMUNICATIONS INTERFACE MODULE DDRE SERIAL PERIPHERAL INTERFACE MODULE DDRF PTF SYSTEM INTEGRATION MODULE IRQ MODULE POWER-ON RESET MODULE BDRxD BDTxD PTE 46 Freescale Semiconductor Data Sheet RST IRQ INTERNAL BUS PTA7-PTA0 PTB7/ATD7-PTB0/ATD0 CONTROL AND STATUS REGISTERS -- 69 BYTES BREAK MODULE PTC4-PTC3 PTC2/MCLK PTC1-PTC0 PTD6/ATD14/TCLK PTD5/ATD13-PTD0/ATD8 TIMER INTERFACE MODULE PTE7/SPSCK PTE6/MOSI PTE5/MISO PTE4/SS PTE3/TCH1 PTE2/TCH0 PTE1/RxD PTE0/TxD PTF3/TCH5 PTF2/TCH4 PTF1/TCH3 PTF0/TCH2 BYTE DATA LINK CONTROLLER DIGITAL MODULE MC68HC08AS32 -- Rev. 4.1 VDDA/VDDAREF VSSA/VREFL VSS VDD POWER Figure 3-1. Block Diagram Highlighting ADC Block and Pins INTERNAL DATA BUS READ DDRB/DDRB WRITE DDRB/DDRD RESET WRITE PTB/PTD DDRBx/DDRDx PTBx/PTDx DISABLE PTBx/PTDx ADC CHANNEL x READ PTB/PTD DISABLE ADC DATA REGISTER INTERRUPT LOGIC CONVERSION COMPLETE ADC ADC VOLTAGE IN ADCVIN CHANNEL SELECT ADCH[4:0] AIEN COCO CGMXCLK BUS CLOCK ADC CLOCK CLOCK GENERATOR ADIV[2:0] ADICLK Figure 3-2. ADC Block Diagram 3.3.1 ADC Port I/O Pins PTD6/ATD14/TCLK-PTD0/ATD8 and PTB7/ATD7-PTB0/ATD0 are generalpurpose I/O pins that are shared with the ADC channels. The channel select bits (ADC status control register, $0038), define which ADC channel/port pin will be used as the input signal. The ADC overrides the port I/O logic by forcing that pin as input to the ADC. The remaining ADC channels/port pins are controlled by the port I/O logic and can be used as general-purpose I/O. Writes to the port register or DDR will not have any affect on the port pin that is selected by the ADC. Read of a port pin which is in use by the ADC will return a logic 0 if the corresponding DDR bit is at logic 0. If the DDR bit is at logic 1, the value in the port data latch is read. NOTE: Do not use ADC channel ATD14 when using the PTD6/ATD14/TCLK pin as the clock input for the TIM. MC68HC08AS32 -- Rev. 4.1 Freescale Semiconductor Data Sheet 47 3.3.2 Voltage Conversion When the input voltage to the ADC equals VREFH (see 17.6 ADC Characteristics), the ADC converts the signal to $FF (full scale). If the input voltage equals VSSA/VREFL the ADC converts it to $00. Input voltages between VREFH and VSSA/VREFL are a straight-line linear conversion. All other input voltages will result in $FF if greater than VREFH and $00 if less than VSSA/VREFL. NOTE: Input voltage should not exceed the analog supply voltages. 3.3.3 Conversion Time Sixteen ADC internal clocks are required to perform one conversion. The ADC starts a conversion on the first rising edge of the ADC internal clock immediately following a write to the ADSCR. If the ADC internal clock is selected to run at 1 MHz, then one conversion will take 16 s to complete. But since the ADC can run almost completely asynchronously to the bus clock, (for example, the ADC is configured to derive its internal clock from CGMXCLK and the bus clock is being derived from the PLL within the CGM [CGMOUT]), this 16-s conversion can take up to 17 s to complete. This worst-case could occur if the write to the ADSCR happened directly after the rising edge of the ADC internal clock causing the conversion to wait until the next rising edge of the ADC internal clock. With a 1-MHz ADC internal clock, the maximum sample rate is 59 kHz to 62 kHz. Refer to 17.6 ADC Characteristics 16 to 17 ADC Clock Cycles Conversion Time = ADC Clock Frequency Number of Bus Cycles = Conversion Time x Bus Frequency 3.3.4 Continuous Conversion Mode In the continuous conversion mode, the ADC continuously converts the selected channel, filling the ADC data register with new data after each conversion. Data from the previous conversion will be overwritten whether that data has been read or not. Conversions will continue until the ADCO bit is cleared. The COCO bit (ADC status control register, $0038) is set after each conversion and can be cleared by writing the ADC status and control register or reading of the ADC data register. 3.3.5 Accuracy and Precision The conversion process is monotonic and has no missing codes. See 17.6 ADC Characteristics for accuracy information. 3.4 Interrupts When the AIEN bit is set, the ADC module is capable of generating a CPU interrupt after each ADC conversion. A CPU interrupt is generated if the COCO bit is at Data Sheet 48 MC68HC08AS32 -- Rev. 4.1 Freescale Semiconductor logic 0. The COCO bit is not used as a conversion complete flag when interrupts are enabled. 3.5 Low-Power Modes The following paragraphs describe the low-power modes. 3.5.1 Wait Mode The ADC continues normal operation during wait mode. Any enabled CPU interrupt request from the ADC can bring the MCU out of wait mode. If the ADC is not required to bring the MCU out of wait mode, power down the ADC by setting the ADCH[4:0] bits in the ADC status and control register to logic 1s before executing the WAIT instruction. 3.5.2 Stop Mode The ADC module is inactive after the execution of a STOP instruction. Any pending conversion is aborted. ADC conversions resume when the MCU exits stop mode. Allow one conversion cycle to stabilize the analog circuitry before attempting a new ADC conversion after exiting stop mode. 3.6 I/O Signals The ADC module has 15 channels that are shared with I/O ports B and D and one channel with an input-only port bit on port D. Refer to 17.6 ADC Characteristics for voltages referenced in the next three subsections. 3.6.1 ADC Analog Power Pin (VDDA/VDDAREF)/ADC Voltage Reference Pin (VREFH) The ADC analog portion uses VDDA/VDDAREF as its power pin. Connect the VDDA/VDDAREF pin to the same voltage potential as VDD. External filtering may be necessary to ensure clean VDDA/VDDAREF for good results. VREFH is the high reference voltage for all analog-to-digital conversions. NOTE: Route VDDA/VDDAREF carefully for maximum noise immunity and place bypass capacitors as close as possible to the package. 3.6.2 ADC Analog Ground Pin (VSSA)/ADC Voltage Reference Low Pin (VREFL) The ADC analog portion uses VSSA as its ground pin. Connect the VSSA pin to the same voltage potential as VSS. VREFL is the lower reference supply for the ADC. 3.6.3 ADC Voltage In (ADCVIN) ADCVIN is the input voltage signal from one of the 15 ADC channels to the ADC module. MC68HC08AS32 -- Rev. 4.1 Freescale Semiconductor Data Sheet 49 3.7 I/O Registers These I/O registers control and monitor ADC operation: * * * ADC status and control register (ADSCR) ADC data register (ADR) ADC input clock register (ADICLK) 3.7.1 ADC Status and Control Register The following paragraphs describe the function of the ADC status and control register. Address: Read: Write: Reset: $0038 Bit 7 COCO R 0 R 6 AIEN 0 = Reserved 5 ADCO 0 4 ADCH4 1 3 ADCH3 1 2 ADCH2 1 1 ADCH1 1 Bit 0 ADCH0 1 Figure 3-3. ADC Status and Control Register (ADSCR) COCO -- Conversions Complete Bit In non-interrupt mode (AIEN = 0), COCO is a read-only bit that is set at the end of each conversion. COCO will stay set until cleared by a read of the ADC data register. Reset clears this bit. In interrupt mode (AIEN = 1), COCO is a read-only bit that is not set at the end of a conversion. It always reads as a logic 0. 1 = Conversion completed (AIEN = 0) 0 = Conversion not completed (AIEN = 0) or CPU interrupt enabled (AIEN = 1) NOTE: The write function of the COCO bit is reserved. When writing to the ADSCR register, always have a 0 in the COCO bit position. AIEN -- ADC Interrupt Enable Bit When this bit is set, an interrupt is generated at the end of an ADC conversion. The interrupt signal is cleared when the data register is read or the status/control register is written. Reset clears the AIEN bit. 1 = ADC interrupt enabled 0 = ADC interrupt disabled Data Sheet 50 MC68HC08AS32 -- Rev. 4.1 Freescale Semiconductor ADCO -- ADC Continuous Conversion Bit When set, the ADC will convert samples continuously and update the ADR register at the end of each conversion. Only one conversion is allowed when this bit is cleared. Reset clears the ADCO bit. 1 = Continuous ADC conversion 0 = One ADC conversion ADCH[4:0] -- ADC Channel Select Bits ADCH4, ADCH3, ADCH2, ADCH1, and ADCH0 form a 5-bit field which is used to select one of the ADC channels. The five channel select bits are detailed in Table 3-1. Care should be taken when using a port pin as both an analog and a digital input simultaneously to prevent switching noise from corrupting the analog signal. (See Table 3-1.) The ADC subsystem is turned off when the channel select bits are all set to one. This feature allows for reduced power consumption for the MCU when the ADC is not used. Reset sets all of these bits to a logic 1. NOTE: Recovery from the disabled state requires one conversion cycle to stabilize. Table 3-1. Mux Channel Select ADCH4 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 ADCH3 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 ADCH2 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 0 1 1 1 ADCH1 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 ADCH0 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 Input Select PTB0/ATD0 PTB1/ATD1 PTB2/ATD2 PTB3/ATD3 PTB4/ATD4 PTB5/ATD5 PTB6/ATD6 PTB7/ATD7 PTD0/ATD8 PTD1/ATD9 PTD2/ATD10 PTD3/ATD11 PTD4/ATD12 PTD5/ATD13 PTD6/ATD14/TCLK Unused(1) Reserved Unused(1) VREFH(2) VSSA/VREFL(2) Range 01111 ($0F) to 11010 ($1A) 1 1 1 1 1 ADC Power Off 1. If any unused channels are selected, the resulting ADC conversion will be unknown. 2. The voltage levels supplied from internal reference nodes as specified in the table are used to verify the operation of the ADC converter both in production test and for user applications. MC68HC08AS32 -- Rev. 4.1 Freescale Semiconductor Data Sheet 51 3.7.2 ADC Data Register One 8-bit data register is provided. This register is updated each time an ADC conversion completes. Address: Read: Write: Reset: R = Reserved $0039 Bit 7 AD7 R 6 AD6 R 5 AD5 R 4 AD4 R 3 AD3 R 2 AD2 R 1 AD1 R Bit 0 AD0 R Unaffected by reset Figure 3-4. ADC Data Register (ADR) 3.7.3 ADC Input Clock Register This register selects the clock frequency for the ADC. Address: Read: Write: Reset: $003A Bit 7 ADIV2 0 R 6 ADIV1 0 = Reserved 5 ADIV0 0 4 ADICLK 0 3 0 R 0 2 0 R 0 1 0 R 0 Bit 0 0 R 0 Figure 3-5. ADC Input Clock Register (ADICLK) ADIV2:ADIV0 -- ADC Clock Prescaler Bits ADIV2, ADIV1, and ADIV0 form a 3-bit field which selects the divide ratio used by the ADC to generate the internal ADC clock. Table 3-2 shows the available clock configurations. The ADC clock should be set to approximately 1 MHz. Table 3-2. ADC Clock Divide Ratio ADIV2 0 0 0 0 1 X = Don't care ADIV1 0 0 1 1 X ADIV0 0 1 0 1 X ADC Clock Rate ADC input clock / 1 ADC input clock / 2 ADC input clock / 4 ADC input clock / 8 ADC input clock / 16 Data Sheet 52 MC68HC08AS32 -- Rev. 4.1 Freescale Semiconductor ADICLK -- ADC Input Clock Register Bit ADICLK selects either bus clock or CGMXCLK as the input clock source to generate the internal ADC clock. Reset selects CGMXCLK as the ADC clock source. If the external clock (CGMXCLK) is equal to or greater than 1 MHz, CGMXCLK can be used as the clock source for the ADC. If CGMXCLK is less than 1 MHz, use the PLL-generated bus clock as the clock source. As long as the internal ADC clock is at approximately 1 MHz, correct operation can be guaranteed. (See 17.6 ADC Characteristics.) 1 = Internal bus clock 0 = External clock (CGMXCLK) fXCLK or Bus Frequency 1 MHz = ADIV[2:0] NOTE: During the conversion process, changing the ADC clock will result in an incorrect conversion. MC68HC08AS32 -- Rev. 4.1 Freescale Semiconductor Data Sheet 53 Data Sheet 54 MC68HC08AS32 -- Rev. 4.1 Freescale Semiconductor Data Sheet -- MC68HC08AS32 Section 4. Byte Data Link Controller-Digital (BDLC-D) 4.1 Introduction The byte data link controller (BDLC) provides access to an external serial communication multiplex bus, operating according to the Society of Automotive Engineers (SAE) J1850 protocol. 4.2 Features Features include: * SAE J1850 class B data communications network interface compatible and ISO compatible for low speed (<125 kbps) serial data communications in automotive applications 10.4 kbps variable pulse width (VPW) bit format Digital noise filter Collision detection Hardware cyclical redundancy check (CRC) generation and checking Two power-saving modes with automatic wakeup on network activity Polling and CPU interrupts available Block mode receive and transmit supported Supports 4X receive mode, 41.6 kbps Digital loopback mode Analog loopback mode In-frame response (IFR) types 0, 1, 2, and 3 supported * * * * * * * * * * * 4.3 Functional Description Figure 4-2 shows the organization of the BDLC module. The CPU interface contains the software addressable registers and provides the link between the CPU and the buffers. The buffers provide storage for data received and data to be transmitted onto the J1850 bus. The protocol handler is responsible for the encoding and decoding of data bits and special message symbols during transmission and reception. The MUX interface provides the link between the BDLC digital section and the analog physical interface. The wave shaping, driving, and digitizing of data is performed by the physical interface. MC68HC08AS32 -- Rev. 4.1 Freescale Semiconductor Data Sheet 55 PTA M68HC08 CPU CPU REGISTERS ARITHMETIC/LOGIC UNIT VREFH ANALOG-TO-DIGITAL CONVERTER MODULE DDRA DDRB PTB DDRC USER ROM -- 32,256 BYTES LOW-VOLTAGE INHIBIT MODULE USER EEPROM -- 512 BYTES PTC DDRD USER RAM -- 1024 BYTES MONITOR ROM -- 224 BYTES USER ROM VECTOR SPACE -- 36 BYTES OSC1 OSC2 CGMXFC COMPUTER OPERATING PROPERLY MODULE PTD CLOCK GENERATOR MODULE SERIAL COMMUNICATIONS INTERFACE MODULE DDRE SERIAL PERIPHERAL INTERFACE MODULE DDRF PTF SYSTEM INTEGRATION MODULE IRQ MODULE POWER-ON RESET MODULE BDRxD BDTxD PTE 56 Freescale Semiconductor Data Sheet RST IRQ INTERNAL BUS PTA7-PTA0 PTB7/ATD7-PTB0/ATD0 CONTROL AND STATUS REGISTERS -- 69 BYTES BREAK MODULE PTC4-PTC3 PTC2/MCLK PTC1-PTC0 PTD6/ATD14/TCLK PTD5/ATD13-PTD0/ATD8 TIMER INTERFACE MODULE PTE7/SPSCK PTE6/MOSI PTE5/MISO PTE4/SS PTE3/TCH1 PTE2/TCH0 PTE1/RxD PTE0/TxD PTF3/TCH5 PTF2/TCH4 PTF1/TCH3 PTF0/TCH2 BYTE DATA LINK CONTROLLER DIGITAL MODULE MC68HC08AS32 -- Rev. 4.1 VDDA/VDDAREF VSSA/VREFL VSS VDD POWER Figure 4-1. Block Diagram Highlighting BLDC Block and Pins Use of the BDLC module in message networking fully implements the SAE Standard J1850 Class B Data Communication Network Interface specification. NOTE: It is recommended that the reader be familiar with the SAE J1850 document and ISO Serial Communication document prior to proceeding with this section of the MC68HC08AS32 specification. TO CPU CPU INTERFACE PROTOCOL HANDLER MUX INTERFACE PHYSICAL INTERFACE BDLC TO J1850 BUS Figure 4-2. BDLC Block Diagram Addr. $003B Register Name BDLC Analog and Roundtrip Read: Delay Register (BARD) Write: See page 77. Reset: BDLC Control Register 1 (BCR1) See page 78. Read: Write: Reset: Bit 7 ATE 1 IMSG 1 ALOOP 1 0 R 0 BD7 6 RXPOL 1 CLKS 1 DLOOP 1 0 R 0 BD6 5 0 R 0 R1 1 RX4XE 0 I3 R 0 BD5 4 0 R 0 R0 0 NBFS 0 I2 R 0 BD4 3 BO3 0 0 R 0 TEOD 0 I1 R 0 BD3 2 BO2 1 0 R 0 TSIFR 0 I0 R 0 BD2 1 BO1 1 IE 0 TMIFR1 0 0 R 0 BD1 Bit 0 BO0 1 WCM 0 TMIFR0 0 0 R 0 BD0 $003C $003D BDLC Control Register 2 Read: (BCR2) Write: See page 80. Reset: BDLC State Vector Register Read: (BSVR) Write: See page 85. Reset: BDLC Data Register Read: (BDR) Write: See page 87. Reset: $003E $003F Unaffected by reset R = Reserved Figure 4-3. BDLC I/O Register Summary MC68HC08AS32 -- Rev. 4.1 Freescale Semiconductor Data Sheet 57 4.3.1 BDLC Operating Modes The BDLC has five main modes of operation which interact with the power supplies, pins, and the remainder of the MCU as shown in Figure 4-4. POWER OFF VDD VDD (MINIMUM) VDD > VDD (MINIMUM) AND ANY MCU RESET SOURCE ASSERTED RESET ANY MCU RESET SOURCE ASSERTED (FROM ANY MODE) COP, ILLADDR, PU, RESET, LVR, POR NO MCU RESET SOURCE ASSERTED NETWORK ACTIVITY OR OTHER MCU WAKEUP RUN NETWORK ACTIVITY OR OTHER MCU WAKEUP BDLC STOP STOP INSTRUCTION OR WAIT INSTRUCTION AND WCM = 1 BDLC WAIT WAIT INSTRUCTION AND WCM = 0 Figure 4-4. BDLC Operating Modes State Diagram 4.3.1.1 Power Off Mode This mode is entered from reset mode whenever the BDLC supply voltage, VDD, drops below its minimum specified value for the BDLC to guarantee operation. The BDLC will be placed in reset mode by low-voltage reset (LVR) before being powered down. In this mode, the pin input and output specifications are not guaranteed. 4.3.1.2 Reset Mode This mode is entered from the power off mode whenever the BDLC supply voltage, VDD, rises above its minimum specified value (VDD -10%) and some MCU reset source is asserted. The internal MCU reset must be asserted while powering up the BDLC or an unknown state will be entered and correct operation cannot be guaranteed. Reset mode is also entered from any other mode as soon as one of Data Sheet 58 MC68HC08AS32 -- Rev. 4.1 Freescale Semiconductor the MCU's possible reset sources (such as LVR, POR, COP watchdog, and reset pin, etc.) is asserted. In reset mode, the internal BDLC voltage references are operative; VDD is supplied to the internal circuits which are held in their reset state; and the internal BDLC system clock is running. Registers will assume their reset condition. Outputs are held in their programmed reset state. Therefore, inputs and network activity are ignored. 4.3.1.3 Run Mode This mode is entered from the reset mode after all MCU reset sources are no longer asserted. Run mode is entered from the BDLC wait mode whenever activity is sensed on the J1850 bus. Run mode is entered from the BDLC stop mode whenever network activity is sensed, although messages will not be received properly until the clocks have stabilized and the CPU is in run mode also. In this mode, normal network operation takes place. The user should ensure that all BDLC transmissions have ceased before exiting this mode. 4.3.1.4 BDLC Wait Mode This power-conserving mode is entered automatically from run mode whenever the CPU executes a WAIT instruction and if the WCM bit in the BCR1 register is cleared previously. In this mode, the BDLC internal clocks continue to run. The first passive-to-active transition of the bus generates a CPU interrupt request from the BDLC which wakes up the BDLC and the CPU. In addition, if the BDLC receives a valid EOF symbol while operating in wait mode, then the BDLC also will generate a CPU interrupt request which wakes up the BDLC and the CPU. See 4.7.1 Wait Mode. 4.3.1.5 BDLC Stop Mode This power-conserving mode is entered automatically from run mode whenever the CPU executes a STOP instruction or if the CPU executes a WAIT instruction and the WCM bit in the BCR1 register is set previously. In this mode, the BDLC internal clocks are stopped but the physical interface circuitry is placed in a low-power mode and awaits network activity. If network activity is sensed, then a CPU interrupt request will be generated, restarting the BDLC internal clocks. See 4.7.2 Stop Mode. 4.3.1.6 Digital Loopback Mode When a bus fault has been detected, the digital loopback mode is used to determine if the fault condition is caused by failure in the node's internal circuits or MC68HC08AS32 -- Rev. 4.1 Freescale Semiconductor Data Sheet 59 elsewhere in the network, including the node's analog physical interface. In this mode, the transmit digital output pin (BDTxD) and the receive digital input pin (BDRxD) of the digital interface are disconnected from the analog physical interface and tied together to allow the digital portion of the BDLC to transmit and receive its own messages without driving the J1850 bus. 4.3.1.7 Analog Loopback Mode Analog loopback is used to determine if a bus fault has been caused by a failure in the node's off-chip analog transceiver or elsewhere in the network. The BCLD analog loopback mode does not modify the digital transmit or receive functions of the BDLC. It does, however, ensure that once analog loopback mode is exited, the BDLC will wait for an idle bus condition before participation in network communication resumes. If the off-chip analog transceiver has a loopback mode, it usually causes the input to the output drive stage to be looped back into the receiver, allowing the node to receive messages it has transmitted without driving the J1850 bus. In this mode, the output to the J1850 bus is typically high impedance. This allows the communication path through the analog transceiver to be tested without interfering with network activity. Using the BDLC analog loopback mode in conjunction with the analog transceiver's loopback mode ensures that, once the off-chip analog transceiver has exited loopback mode, the BCLD will not begin communicating before a known condition exists on the J1850 bus. 4.4 BDLC MUX Interface The MUX interface is responsible for bit encoding/decoding and digital noise filtering between the protocol handler and the physical interface. TO CPU CPU INTERFACE PROTOCOL HANDLER MUX INTERFACE PHYSICAL INTERFACE BDLC TO J1850 BUS Figure 4-5. BDLC Block Diagram Data Sheet 60 MC68HC08AS32 -- Rev. 4.1 Freescale Semiconductor 4.4.1 Rx Digital Filter The receiver section of the BDLC includes a digital low-pass filter to remove narrow noise pulses from the incoming message. An outline of the digital filter is shown in Figure 4-6. INPUT SYNC RX DATA FROM PHYSICAL INTERFACE (BDRXD) D Q UP/DOWN OUT D Q 4-BIT UP/DOWN COUTER DATA LATCH FILTERED RX DATA OUT MUX INTERFACE CLOCK Figure 4-6. BDLC Rx Digital Filter Block Diagram 4.4.1.1 Operation The clock for the digital filter is provided by the MUX interface clock (see fBDLC parameter in Table 4-3). At each positive edge of the clock signal, the current state of the receiver physical interface (BDRxD) signal is sampled. The BDRxD signal state is used to determine whether the counter should increment or decrement at the next negative edge of the clock signal. The counter will increment if the input data sample is high but decrement if the input sample is low. Therefore, the counter will thus progress either up toward 15 if, on average, the BDRxD signal remains high or progress down toward 0 if, on average, the BDRxD signal remains low. When the counter eventually reaches the value 15, the digital filter decides that the condition of the BDRxD signal is at a stable logic level 1 and the data latch is set, causing the filtered Rx data signal to become a logic level 1. Furthermore, the counter is prevented from overflowing and can only be decremented from this state. Alternatively, should the counter eventually reach the value 0, the digital filter decides that the condition of the BDRxD signal is at a stable logic level 0 and the data latch is reset, causing the filtered Rx data signal to become a logic level 0. Furthermore, the counter is prevented from underflowing and can only be incremented from this state. The data latch will retain its value until the counter next reaches the opposite end point, signifying a definite transition of the signal. MC68HC08AS32 -- Rev. 4.1 Freescale Semiconductor Data Sheet 61 4.4.1.2 Performance The performance of the digital filter is best described in the time domain rather than the frequency domain. If the signal on the BDRxD signal transitions, then there will be a delay before that transition appears at the filtered Rx data output signal. This delay will be between 15 and 16 clock periods, depending on where the transition occurs with respect to the sampling points. This filter delay must be taken into account when performing message arbitration. For example, if the frequency of the MUX interface clock (fBDLC) is 1.0486 MHz, then the period (tBDLC) is 954 ns and the maximum filter delay in the absence of noise will be 15.259 s. The effect of random noise on the BDRxD signal depends on the characteristics of the noise itself. Narrow noise pulses on the BDRxD signal will be ignored completely if they are shorter than the filter delay. This provides a degree of low pass filtering. If noise occurs during a symbol transition, the detection of that transition can be delayed by an amount equal to the length of the noise burst. This is just a reflection of the uncertainty of where the transition is truly occurring within the noise. Noise pulses that are wider than the filter delay, but narrower than the shortest allowable symbol length, will be detected by the next stage of the BDLC's receiver as an invalid symbol. Noise pulses that are longer than the shortest allowable symbol length will be detected normally as an invalid symbol or as invalid data when the frame's CRC is checked. 4.4.2 J1850 Frame Format All messages transmitted on the J1850 bus are structured using the format shown in Figure 4-7. J1850 states that each message has a maximum length of 101 PWM bit times or 12 VPW bytes, excluding SOF, EOD, NB, and EOF, with each byte transmitted MSB first. All VPW symbol lengths in the following descriptions are typical values at a 10.4 kbps bit rate. DATA IDLE SOF PRIORITY (DATA0) MESSAGE ID (DATA1) DATAN CRC E O D OPTIONAL N B IFR EOF I F S IDLE Figure 4-7. J1850 Bus Message Format (VPW) Data Sheet 62 MC68HC08AS32 -- Rev. 4.1 Freescale Semiconductor SOF -- Start-of-Frame Symbol All messages transmitted onto the J1850 bus must begin with a long-active 200-s period SOF symbol. This indicates the start of a new message transmission. The SOF symbol is not used in the CRC calculation. Data -- In-Message Data Bytes The data bytes contained in the message include the message priority/type, message ID byte (typically the physical address of the responder), and any actual data being transmitted to the receiving node. The message format used by the BDLC is similar to the 3-byte consolidated header message format outlined by the SAE J1850 document. See SAE J1850 -- Class B Data Communications Network Interface for more information about 1- and 3-byte headers. Messages transmitted by the BDLC onto the J1850 bus must contain at least one data byte and, therefore, can be as short as one data byte and one CRC byte. Each data byte in the message is eight bits in length and is transmitted MSB to LSB. CRC -- Cyclical Redundancy Check Byte This byte is used by the receiver(s) of each message to determine if any errors have occurred during the transmission of the message. The BDLC calculates the CRC byte and appends it onto any messages transmitted onto the J1850 bus. It also performs CRC detection on any messages it receives from the J1850 bus. CRC generation uses the divisor polynomial X8 + X4 + X3 + X2 + 1. The remainder polynomial initially is set to all ones. Each byte in the message after the start of frame (SOF) symbol is processed serially through the CRC generation circuitry. The one's complement of the remainder then becomes the 8-bit CRC byte, which is appended to the message after the data bytes in MSB-to-LSB order. When receiving a message, the BDLC uses the same divisor polynomial. All data bytes, excluding the SOF and end of data symbols (EOD) but including the CRC byte, are used to check the CRC. If the message is error free, the remainder polynomial will equal X7 + X6 + X2 = $C4, regardless of the data contained in the message. If the calculated CRC does not equal $C4, the BDLC will recognize this as a CRC error and set the CRC error flag in the BSVR. EOD -- End-of-Data Symbol The EOD symbol is a long 200-s passive period on the J1850 bus used to signify to any recipients of a message that the transmission by the originator has completed. No flag is set upon reception of the EOD symbol. IFR -- In-Frame Response Bytes The IFR section of the J1850 message format is optional. Users desiring further definition of in-frame response should review the SAE J1850 -- Class B Data Communications Network Interface specification. MC68HC08AS32 -- Rev. 4.1 Freescale Semiconductor Data Sheet 63 EOF -- End-of-Frame Symbol This symbol is a long 280-s passive period on the J1850 bus and is longer than an end-of-data (EOD) symbol, which signifies the end of a message. Since an EOF symbol is longer than a 200-s EOD symbol, if no response is transmitted after an EOD symbol, it becomes an EOF, and the message is assumed to be completed. The EOF flag is set upon receiving the EOF symbol. IFS -- Inter-Frame Separation Symbol The IFS symbol is a 20-s passive period on the J1850 bus which allows proper synchronization between nodes during continuous message transmission. The IFS symbol is transmitted by a node after the completion of the end-of-frame (EOF) period and, therefore, is seen as a 300-s passive period. When the last byte of a message has been transmitted onto the J1850 bus and the EOF symbol time has expired, all nodes then must wait for the IFS symbol time to expire before transmitting a start-of-frame (SOF) symbol, marking the beginning of another message. However, if the BDLC is waiting for the IFS period to expire before beginning a transmission and a rising edge is detected before the IFS time has expired, it will synchronize internally to that edge. If a write to the BDR register (for instance, to initiate transmission) occurred on or before 104 * tBDLC from the received rising edge, then the BDLC will transmit and arbitrate for the bus. If a CPU write to the BDR register occurred after 104 * tBDLC from the detection of the rising edge, then the BDLC will not transmit, but will wait for the next IFS period to expire before attempting to transmit the byte. A rising edge may occur during the IFS period because of varying clock tolerances and loading of the J1850 bus, causing different nodes to observe the completion of the IFS period at different times. To allow for individual clock tolerances, receivers must synchronize to any SOF occurring during an IFS period. BREAK -- Break The BDLC cannot transmit a BREAK symbol. If the BDLC is transmitting at the time a BREAK is detected, it treats the BREAK as if a transmission error had occurred and halts transmission. If the BDLC detects a BREAK symbol while receiving a message, it treats the BREAK as a reception error and sets the invalid symbol flag in the BSVR, also ignoring the frame it was receiving. If while receiving a message in 4X mode, the BDLC detects a BREAK symbol, it treats the BREAK as a reception error, sets the invalid symbol flag, and exits 4X mode (for example, the RX4XE bit in BCR2 is cleared automatically). If bus control is required after the BREAK symbol is received and the IFS time has elapsed, the programmer must resend the transmission byte using highest priority. NOTE: The J1850 protocol BREAK symbol is not related to the HC08 break module (See Section 16. Development Support.) Data Sheet 64 MC68HC08AS32 -- Rev. 4.1 Freescale Semiconductor IDLE -- Idle Bus An idle condition exists on the bus during any passive period after expiration of the IFS period (for instance, 300 s). Any node sensing an idle bus condition can begin transmission immediately. 4.4.3 J1850 VPW Symbols Huntsinger's variable pulse width modulation (VPW) is an encoding technique in which each bit is defined by the time between successive transitions and by the level of the bus between transitions (for instance, active or passive). Active and passive bits are used alternately. This encoding technique is used to reduce the number of bus transitions for a given bit rate. Each logic 1 or logic 0 contains a single transition and can be at either the active or passive level and one of two lengths, either 64 s or 128 s (tNOM at 10.4 kbps baud rate), depending upon the encoding of the previous bit. The start-of-frame (SOF), end-of-data (EOD), end-of-frame (EOF), and inter-frame separation (IFS) symbols always will be encoded at an assigned level and length. See Figure 4-8. ACTIVE 128 s PASSIVE OR 64 s (A) LOGIC 0 ACTIVE 128 s PASSIVE (B) LOGIC 1 ACTIVE 240 s PASSIVE (C) BREAK 300 s ACTIVE 280 s PASSIVE (F) END OF FRAME (G) INTER-FRAME SEPARATION (H) IDLE 20 s IDLE > 300 s (D) START OF FRAME (E) END OF DATA 200 s 200 s OR 64 s Figure 4-8. J1850 VPW Symbols with Nominal Symbol Times MC68HC08AS32 -- Rev. 4.1 Freescale Semiconductor Data Sheet 65 Each message will begin with an SOF symbol an active symbol and, therefore, each data byte (including the CRC byte) will begin with a passive bit, regardless of whether it is a logic 1 or a logic 0. All VPW bit lengths stated in the following descriptions are typical values at a 10.4 kbps bit rate. Logic 0 A logic 0 is defined as either: - An active-to-passive transition followed by a passive period 64 s in length, or - A passive-to-active transition followed by an active period 128 s in length See Figure 4-8(a). Logic 1 A logic 1 is defined as either: - An active-to-passive transition followed by a passive period 128 s in length, or - A passive-to-active transition followed by an active period 64 s in length See Figure 4-8(b). Normalization Bit (NB) The NB symbol has the same property as a logic 1 or a logic 0. It is only used in IFR message responses. Break Signal (BREAK) The BREAK signal is defined as a passive-to-active transition followed by an active period of at least 240 s (see Figure 4-8(c)). Start-of-Frame Symbol (SOF) The SOF symbol is defined as passive-to-active transition followed by an active period 200 s in length (see Figure 4-8(d)). This allows the data bytes which follow the SOF symbol to begin with a passive bit, regardless of whether it is a logic 1 or a logic 0. End-of-Data Symbol (EOD) The EOD symbol is defined as an active-to-passive transition followed by a passive period 200 s in length (see Figure 4-8(e)). End-of-Frame Symbol (EOF) The EOF symbol is defined as an active-to-passive transition followed by a passive period 280 s in length (see Figure 4-8(f)). If no IFR byte is transmitted after an EOD symbol is transmitted, after another 80 s the EOD becomes an EOF, indicating completion of the message. Data Sheet 66 MC68HC08AS32 -- Rev. 4.1 Freescale Semiconductor Inter-Frame Separation Symbol (IFS) The IFS symbol is defined as a passive period 300 s in length. The 20-s IFS symbol contains no transition, since when used it always appends to an EOF symbol (see Figure 4-8(g)). Idle An idle is defined as a passive period greater than 300 s in length. 4.4.4 J1850 VPW Valid/Invalid Bits and Symbols The timing tolerances for receiving data bits and symbols from the J1850 bus have been defined to allow for variations in oscillator frequencies. In many cases the maximum time allowed to define a data bit or symbol is equal to the minimum time allowed to define another data bit or symbol. Since the minimum resolution of the BDLC for determining what symbol is being received is equal to a single period of the MUX interface clock (tBDLC), an apparent separation in these maximum time/minimum time concurrences equal to one cycle of tBDLC occurs. This one clock resolution allows the BDLC to differentiate properly between the different bits and symbols. This is done without reducing the valid window for receiving bits and symbols from transmitters onto the J1850 bus which have varying oscillator frequencies. 200 s 128 s 64 s ACTIVE PASSIVE a ACTIVE PASSIVE a ACTIVE PASSIVE b ACTIVE PASSIVE c d c (4) VALID EOD SYMBOL b (3) VALID PASSIVE LOGIC 1 (2) VALID PASSIVE LOGIC 0 (1) INVALID PASSIVE BIT Figure 4-9. J1850 VPW Received Passive Symbol Times MC68HC08AS32 -- Rev. 4.1 Freescale Semiconductor Data Sheet 67 In Huntsinger's' variable pulse width (VPW) modulation bit encoding, the tolerances for both the passive and active data bits received and the symbols received are defined with no gaps between definitions. For example, the maximum length of a passive logic 0 is equal to the minimum length of a passive logic 1, and the maximum length of an active logic 0 is equal to the minimum length of a valid SOF symbol. Invalid Passive Bit See Figure 4-9(1). If the passive-to-active received transition beginning the next data bit or symbol occurs between the active-to-passive transition beginning the current data bit (or symbol) and a, the current bit would be invalid. Valid Passive Logic 0 See Figure 4-9(2). If the passive-to-active received transition beginning the next data bit (or symbol) occurs between a and b, the current bit would be considered a logic 0. Valid Passive Logic 1 See Figure 4-9(3). If the passive-to-active received transition beginning the next data bit (or symbol) occurs between b and c, the current bit would be considered a logic 1. Valid EOD Symbol See Figure 4-9(4). If the passive-to-active received transition beginning the next data bit (or symbol) occurs between c and d, the current symbol would be considered a valid end-of-data symbol (EOD). 300 s 280 s ACTIVE PASSIVE a ACTIVE PASSIVE c d b (1) VALID EOF SYMBOL (2) VALID EOF+ IFS SYMBOL Figure 4-10. J1850 VPW Received Passive EOF and IFS Symbol Times Valid EOF and IFS Symbol In Figure 4-10(1), if the passive-to-active received transition beginning the SOF symbol of the next message occurs between a and b, the current symbol will be considered a valid end-of-frame (EOF) symbol. Data Sheet 68 MC68HC08AS32 -- Rev. 4.1 Freescale Semiconductor See Figure 4-10(2). If the passive-to-active received transition beginning the SOF symbol of the next message occurs between c and d, the current symbol will be considered a valid EOF symbol followed by a valid inter-frame separation symbol (IFS). All nodes must wait until a valid IFS symbol time has expired before beginning transmission. However, due to variations in clock frequencies and bus loading, some nodes may recognize a valid IFS symbol before others and immediately begin transmitting. Therefore, any time a node waiting to transmit detects a passive-to-active transition once a valid EOF has been detected, it should immediately begin transmission, initiating the arbitration process. Idle Bus In Figure 4-10(2), if the passive-to-active received transition beginning the start-of-frame (SOF) symbol of the next message does not occur before d, the bus is considered to be idle, and any node wishing to transmit a message may do so immediately. 200 s 128 s 64 s ACTIVE PASSIVE a ACTIVE PASSIVE a ACTIVE PASSIVE b ACTIVE PASSIVE c d c (4) VALID SOF SYMBOL b (3) VALID ACTIVE LOGIC 0 (2) VALID ACTIVE LOGIC 1 (1) INVALID ACTIVE BIT Figure 4-11. J1850 VPW Received Active Symbol Times Invalid Active Bit In Figure 4-11(1), if the active-to-passive received transition beginning the next data bit (or symbol) occurs between the passive-to-active transition beginning the current data bit (or symbol) and a, the current bit would be invalid. MC68HC08AS32 -- Rev. 4.1 Freescale Semiconductor Data Sheet 69 Valid Active Logic 1 In Figure 4-11(2), if the active-to-passive received transition beginning the next data bit (or symbol) occurs between a and b, the current bit would be considered a logic 1. Valid Active Logic 0 In Figure 4-11(3), if the active-to-passive received transition beginning the next data bit (or symbol) occurs between b and c, the current bit would be considered a logic 0. Valid SOF Symbol In Figure 4-11(4), if the active-to-passive received transition beginning the next data bit (or symbol) occurs between c and d, the current symbol would be considered a valid SOF symbol. Valid BREAK Symbol In Figure 4-12, if the next active-to-passive received transition does not occur until after e, the current symbol will be considered a valid BREAK symbol. A BREAK symbol should be followed by a start-of-frame (SOF) symbol beginning the next message to be transmitted onto the J1850 bus. See 4.4.2 J1850 Frame Format for BDLC response to BREAK symbols. 240 s ACTIVE PASSIVE e (2) VALID BREAK SYMBOL Figure 4-12. J1850 VPW Received BREAK Symbol Times 4.4.5 Message Arbitration Message arbitration on the J1850 bus is accomplished in a non-destructive manner, allowing the message with the highest priority to be transmitted, while any transmitters which lose arbitration simply stop transmitting and wait for an idle bus to begin transmitting again. If the BDLC wants to transmit onto the J1850 bus, but detects that another message is in progress, it waits until the bus is idle. However, if multiple nodes begin to transmit in the same synchronization window, message arbitration will occur beginning with the first bit after the SOF symbol and will continue with each bit thereafter. Data Sheet 70 MC68HC08AS32 -- Rev. 4.1 Freescale Semiconductor 0 ACTIVE TRANSMITTER A PASSIVE 0 ACTIVE TRANSMITTER B PASSIVE 0 ACTIVE J1850 BUS PASSIVE SOF DATA BIT 1 1 1 1 TRANSMITTER A DETECTS AN ACTIVE STATE ON THE BUS AND STOPS TRANSMITTING 1 1 0 0 1 1 0 0 TRANSMITTER B WINS ARBITRATION AND CONTINUES TRANSMITTING DATA BIT 2 DATA BIT 3 DATA BIT 4 DATA BIT 5 Figure 4-13. J1850 VPW Bitwise Arbitrations The variable pulse width modulation (VPW) symbols and J1850 bus electrical characteristics are chosen carefully so that a logic 0 (active or passive type) will always dominate over a logic 1 (active or passive type) that is simultaneously transmitted. Hence, logic 0s are said to be dominant and logic 1s are said to be recessive. Whenever a node detects a dominant bit on BDRxD when it transmitted a recessive bit, the node loses arbitration and immediately stops transmitting. This is known as bitwise arbitration. Since a logic 0 dominates a logic 1, the message with the lowest value will have the highest priority and will always win arbitration. For instance, a message with priority 000 will win arbitration over a message with priority 011. This method of arbitration will work no matter how many bits of priority encoding are contained in the message. During arbitration, or even throughout the transmitting message, when an opposite bit is detected, transmission is stopped immediately unless it occurs on the 8th bit of a byte. In this case, the BDLC automatically will append up to two extra logic 1 bits and then stop transmitting. These two extra bits will be arbitrated normally and thus will not interfere with another message. The second logic 1 bit will not be sent if the first loses arbitration. If the BDLC has lost arbitration to another valid message, then the two extra logic 1s will not corrupt the current message. However, if the BDLC has lost arbitration due to noise on the bus, then the two extra logic 1s will ensure that the current message will be detected and ignored as a noise-corrupted message. MC68HC08AS32 -- Rev. 4.1 Freescale Semiconductor Data Sheet 71 4.5 BDLC Protocol Handler The protocol handler is responsible for framing, arbitration, CRC generation/checking, and error detection. The protocol handler conforms to SAE J1850 -- Class B Data Communications Network Interface. NOTE: Freescale assumes that the reader is familiar with the J1850 specification before this protocol handler description is read. TO CPU CPU INTERFACE PROTOCOL HANDLER MUX INTERFACE PHYSICAL INTERFACE BDLC TO J1850 BUS Figure 4-14. BDLC Block Diagram 4.5.1 Protocol Architecture The protocol handler contains the state machine, Rx shadow register, Tx shadow register, Rx shift register, Tx shift register, and loopback multiplexer as shown in Figure 4-15. 4.5.2 Rx and Tx Shift Registers The Rx shift register gathers received serial data bits from the J1850 bus and makes them available in parallel form to the Rx shadow register. The Tx shift register takes data, in parallel form, from the Tx shadow register and presents it serially to the state machine so that it can be transmitted onto the J1850 bus. Data Sheet 72 MC68HC08AS32 -- Rev. 4.1 Freescale Semiconductor TO PHYSICAL INTERFACE BDRxD BDTxD CONTROL DLOOP FROM BCR2 LOOPBACK CONTROL LOOPBACK MULTIPLEXER RxD BDTxD ALOOP Tx DATA 8 STATE MACHINE Rx SHIFT REGISTER Tx SHIFT REGISTER Rx SHADOW REGISTER Tx SHADOW REGISTER Rx DATA TO CPU INTERFACE AND Rx/Tx BUFFERS Figure 4-15. BDLC Protocol Handler Outline 4.5.3 Rx and Tx Shadow Registers Immediately after the Rx shift register has completed shifting in a byte of data, this data is transferred to the Rx shadow register and RDRF or RXIFR is set (see 4.6.4 BDLC State Vector Register) and an interrupt is generated if the interrupt enable bit (IE) in BCR1 is set. After the transfer takes place, this new data byte in the Rx shadow register is available to the CPU interface, and the Rx shift register is ready to shift in the next byte of data. Data in the Rx shadow register must be retrieved by the CPU before it is overwritten by new data from the Rx shift register. Once the Tx shift register has completed its shifting operation for the current byte, the data byte in the Tx shadow register is loaded into the Tx shift register. After this transfer takes place, the Tx shadow register is ready to accept new data from the CPU when TDRE flag in BSVR is set. 4.5.4 Digital Loopback Multiplexer The digital loopback multiplexer connects RxD to either BDTxD or BDRxD, depending on the state of the DLOOP bit in the BCR2 register (See 4.6.3 BDLC Control Register 2). MC68HC08AS32 -- Rev. 4.1 Freescale Semiconductor CONTROL 8 Data Sheet 73 4.5.5 State Machine All of the functions associated with performing the protocol are executed or controlled by the state machine. The state machine is responsible for framing, collision detection, arbitration, CRC generation/checking, and error detection. The following sections describe the BDLC's actions in a variety of situations. 4.5.5.1 4X Mode The BDLC can exist on the same J1850 bus as modules which use a special 4X (41.6 kbps) mode of J1850 variable pulse width modulation (VPW) operation. The BDLC cannot transmit in 4X mode, but can receive messages in 4X mode, if the RX4X bit is set in BCR2 register. If the RX4X bit is not set in the BCR2 register, any 4X message on the J1850 bus is treated as noise by the BDLC and is ignored. 4.5.5.2 Receiving a Message in Block Mode Although not a part of the SAE J1850 protocol, the BDLC does allow for a special block mode of operation of the receiver. As far as the BDLC is concerned, a block mode message is simply a long J1850 frame that contains an indefinite number of data bytes. All of the other features of the frame remain the same, including the SOF, CRC, and EOD symbols. Another node wishing to send a block mode transmission must first inform all other nodes on the network that this is about to happen. This is usually accomplished by sending a special predefined message. 4.5.5.3 Transmitting a Message in Block Mode A block mode message is transmitted inherently by simply loading the bytes one by one into the BDR register until the message is complete. The programmer should wait until the TDRE flag (see 4.6.4 BDLC State Vector Register) is set prior to writing a new byte of data into the BDR register. The BDLC does not contain any predefined maximum J1850 message length requirement. 4.5.5.4 J1850 Bus Errors The BDLC detects several types of transmit and receive errors which can occur during the transmission of a message onto the J1850 bus. Transmission Error If the message transmitted by the BDLC contains invalid bits or framing symbols on non-byte boundaries, this constitutes a transmission error. When a transmission error is detected, the BDLC immediately will cease transmitting. The error condition ($1C) is reflected in the BSVR register (see Table 4-5). If the interrupt enable bit (IE in BCR1) is set, a CPU interrupt request from the BDLC is generated. Data Sheet 74 MC68HC08AS32 -- Rev. 4.1 Freescale Semiconductor CRC Error A cyclical redundancy check (CRC) error is detected when the data bytes and CRC byte of a received message are processed and the CRC calculation result is not equal to $C4. The CRC code will detect any single and 2-bit errors, as well as all 8-bit burst errors and almost all other types of errors. The CRC error flag ($18 in BSVR) is set when a CRC error is detected. (See 4.6.4 BDLC State Vector Register.) Symbol Error A symbol error is detected when an abnormal (invalid) symbol is detected in a message being received from the J1850 bus. However, if the BDLC is transmitting when this happens, it will be treated as a loss of arbitration ($14 in BSVR) rather than a transmitter error. The ($1C) symbol invalid or the out-of-range flag is set when a symbol error is detected. Therefore, ($1C) symbol invalid flag is stacked behind the ($14) LOA flag during a transmission error process. (See 4.6.4 BDLC State Vector Register.) Framing Error A framing error is detected if an EOD or EOF symbol is detected on a non-byte boundary from the J1850 bus. A framing error also is detected if the BDLC is transmitting the EOD and instead receives an active symbol. The ($1C) symbol invalid or the out-of-range flag is set when a framing error is detected. (See 4.6.4 BDLC State Vector Register.) Bus Fault If a bus fault occurs, the response of the BDLC will depend upon the type of bus fault. If the bus is shorted to battery, the BDLC will wait for the bus to fall to a passive state before it will attempt to transmit a message. As long as the short remains, the BDLC will never attempt to transmit a message onto the J1850 bus. If the bus is shorted to ground, the BDLC will see an idle bus, begin to transmit the message, and then detect a transmission error ($1C in BSVR), since the short to ground would not allow the bus to be driven to the active (dominant) SOF state. The BDLC will abort that transmission and wait for the next CPU command to transmit. In any case, if the bus fault is temporary, as soon as the fault is cleared, the BDLC will resume normal operation. If the bus fault is permanent, it may result in permanent loss of communication on the J1850 bus. (See 4.6.4 BDLC State Vector Register.) BREAK -- Break If a BREAK symbol is received while the BDLC is transmitting or receiving, an invalid symbol ($1C in BSVR) interrupt will be generated. Reading the BSVR register (see 4.6.4 BDLC State Vector Register) will clear this interrupt condition. The BDLC will wait for the bus to idle, then wait for a start-of-frame (SOF) symbol. The BDLC cannot transmit a BREAK symbol. It can only receive a BREAK symbol from the J1850 bus. MC68HC08AS32 -- Rev. 4.1 Freescale Semiconductor Data Sheet 75 4.5.5.5 Summary Table 4-1. BDLC J1850 Bus Error Summary Error Condition Transmission error Cyclical redundancy check (CRC) error Invalid symbol: BDLC receives invalid bits (noise) Framing error Bus short to VDD Bus short to GND BDLC receives BREAK symbol. BDLC Function For invalid bits or framing symbols on non-byte boundaries, invalid symbol interrupt will be generated. BDLC stops transmission. CRC error interrupt will be generated. The BDLC will wait for SOF. The BDLC will abort transmission immediately. Invalid symbol interrupt will be generated. Invalid symbol interrupt will be generated. The BDLC will wait for start-of-frame (SOF). The BDLC will not transmit until the bus is idle. Thermal overload will shut down physical interface. Fault condition is reflected in BSVR as an invalid symbol. The BDLC will wait for the next valid SOF. Invalid symbol interrupt will be generated. 4.6 BDLC CPU Interface The CPU interface provides the interface between the CPU and the BDLC and consists of five user registers. * * * * * BDLC analog and roundtrip delay register (BARD) BDLC control register 1 (BCR1) BDLC control register 2 (BCR2) BDLC state vector register (BSVR) BDLC data register (BDR) TO CPU CPU INTERFACE PROTOCOL HANDLER MUX INTERFACE PHYSICAL INTERFACE BDLC TO J1850 BUS Figure 4-16. BDLC Block Diagram Data Sheet 76 MC68HC08AS32 -- Rev. 4.1 Freescale Semiconductor 4.6.1 BDLC Analog and Roundtrip Delay Register This register programs the BDLC to compensate for various delays of different external transceivers. The default delay value is16 s. Timing adjustments from 9 s to 24 s in steps of 1 s are available. The BARD register can be written only once after each reset, after which they become read-only bits. The register may be read at any time. Address: Read: Write: Reset: $003B Bit 7 ATE 1 R 6 RXPOL 1 = Reserved 5 0 R 0 4 0 R 0 3 BO3 0 2 BO2 1 1 BO1 1 Bit 0 BO0 1 Figure 4-17. BDLC Analog and Roundtrip Delay Register (BARD) ATE -- Analog Transceiver Enable Bit The analog transceiver enable (ATE) bit is used to select either the on-board or an off-chip analog transceiver. 1 = Select on-board analog transceiver 0 = Select off-chip analog transceiver NOTE: This device does not contain an on-board transceiver. This bit should be programmed to a logic 0 for proper operation. RXPOL -- Receive Pin Polarity Bit The receive pin polarity (RXPOL) bit is used to select the polarity of an incoming signal on the receive pin. Some external analog transceivers invert the receive signal from the J1850 bus before feeding it back to the digital receive pin. 1 = Select normal/true polarity; true non-inverted signal from the J1850 bus; for example, the external transceiver does not invert the receive signal 0 = Select inverted polarity, where an external transceiver inverts the receive signal from the J1850 bus B03-B00 -- BARD Offset Bits Table 4-2 shows the expected transceiver delay with respect to BARD offset values. Table 4-2. BDLC Transceiver Delay BARD Offset Bits B0[3:0] 0000 0001 0010 0011 0100 Corresponding Expected Transceiver's Delays (s) 9 10 11 12 13 MC68HC08AS32 -- Rev. 4.1 Freescale Semiconductor Data Sheet 77 Table 4-2. BDLC Transceiver Delay (Continued) BARD Offset Bits B0[3:0] 0101 0110 0111 1000 1001 1010 1011 1100 1101 1110 1111 Corresponding Expected Transceiver's Delays (s) 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 4.6.2 BDLC Control Register 1 This register is used to configure and control the BDLC. Address: Read: Write: Reset: $003C Bit 7 IMSG 1 R 6 CLKS 1 = Reserved 5 R1 1 4 R0 0 3 0 R 0 2 0 R 0 1 IE 0 Bit 0 WCM 0 Figure 4-18. BDLC Control Register 1 (BCR1) IMSG -- Ignore Message Bit This bit is used to disable the receiver until a new start-of-frame (SOF) is detected. 1 = Disable receiver. When set, all BDLC interrupt requests will be masked and the status bits will be held in their reset state. If this bit is set while the BDLC is receiving a message, the rest of the incoming message will be ignored. 0 = Enable receiver. This bit is cleared automatically by the reception of an SOF symbol or a BREAK symbol. It will then generate interrupt requests and will allow changes of the status register to occur. However, these interrupts may still be masked by the interrupt enable (IE) bit. Data Sheet 78 MC68HC08AS32 -- Rev. 4.1 Freescale Semiconductor CLKS -- Clock Bit The nominal BDLC operating frequency (fBDLC) must always be 1.048576 MHz or 1 MHz for J1850 bus communications to take place. The CLKS register bit allows the user to select the frequency (1.048576 MHz or 1 MHz) used to adjust symbol timing automatically. 1 = Binary frequency (1.048576 MHz) selected for fBDLC 0 = Integer frequency (1 MHz) selected for fBDLC R1 and R0 -- Rate Select Bits These bits determine the amount by which the frequency of the MCU CGMXCLK signal is divided to form the MUX interface clock (fBDLC) which defines the basic timing resolution of the MUX interface. They may be written only once after reset, after which they become read-only bits. The nominal frequency of fBDLC must always be 1.048576 MHz or 1.0 MHz for J1850 bus communications to take place. Hence, the value programmed into these bits is dependent on the chosen MCU system clock frequency per Table 4-3. Table 4-3. BDLC Rate Selection fXCLK Frequency 1.049 MHz 2.097 MHz 4.194 MHz 8.389 MHz 1.000 MHz 2.000 MHz 4.000 MHz 8.000 MHz R1 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 1 R0 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 Division 1 2 4 8 1 2 4 8 fBDLC 1.049 MHz 1.049 MHz 1.049 MHz 1.049 MHz 1.00 MHz 1.00 MHz 1.00 MHz 1.00 MHz IE-- Interrupt Enable Bit This bit determines whether the BDLC will generate CPU interrupt requests in run mode. It does not affect CPU interrupt requests when exiting the BDLC stop or BDLC wait modes. Interrupt requests will be maintained until all of the interrupt request sources are cleared by performing the specified actions upon the BDLC's registers. Interrupts that were pending at the time that this bit is cleared may be lost. 1 = Enable interrupt requests from BDLC 0 = Disable interrupt requests from BDLC If the programmer does not wish to use the interrupt capability of the BDLC, the BDLC state vector register (BSVR) can be polled periodically by the programmer to determine BDLC states. See 4.6.4 BDLC State Vector Register for a description of the BSVR. MC68HC08AS32 -- Rev. 4.1 Freescale Semiconductor Data Sheet 79 WCM -- Wait Clock Mode Bit This bit determines the operation of the BDLC during CPU wait mode. See 4.7.2 Stop Mode and 4.7.1 Wait Mode for more details on its use. 1 = Stop BDLC internal clocks during CPU wait mode 0 = Run BDLC internal clocks during CPU wait mode 4.6.3 BDLC Control Register 2 This register controls transmitter operations of the BDLC. It is recommended that BSET and BCLR instructions be used to manipulate data in this register to ensure that the register's content does not change inadvertently. Address: Read: Write: Reset: $003D Bit 7 ALOOP 1 6 DLOOP 1 5 RX4XE 0 4 NBFS 0 3 TEOD 0 2 TSIFR 0 1 TMIFR1 0 Bit 0 TMIFR0 0 Figure 4-19. BDLC Control Register 2 (BCR2) ALOOP -- Analog Loopback Mode Bit This bit determines whether the J1850 bus will be driven by the analog physical interface's final drive stage. The programmer can use this bit to reset the BDLC state machine to a known state after the off-chip analog transceiver is placed in loopback mode. When the user clears ALOOP, to indicate that the off-chip analog transceiver is no longer in loopback mode, the BDLC waits for an EOF symbol before attempting to transmit. 1 = Input to the analog physical interface's final drive stage is looped back to the BDLC receiver. The J1850 bus is not driven. 0 = The J1850 bus will be driven by the BDLC. After the bit is cleared, the BDLC requires the bus to be idle for a minimum of end-of-frame symbol time (tTRV4) before message reception or a minimum of inter-frame symbol time (tTRV6) before message transmission. (See 17.15 BDLC Receiver VPW Symbol Timings.) DLOOP -- Digital Loopback Mode Bit This bit determines the source to which the digital receive input (BDRxD) is connected and can be used to isolate bus fault conditions (see Figure 4-15). If a fault condition has been detected on the bus, this control bit allows the programmer to connect the digital transmit output to the digital receive input. In this configuration, data sent from the transmit buffer will be reflected back into the receive buffer. If no faults exist in the BDLC, the fault is in the physical interface block or elsewhere on the J1850 bus. 1 = When set, BDRxD is connected to BDTxD. The BDLC is now in digital loopback mode. 0 = When cleared, BDTxD is not connected to BDRxD. The BDLC is taken out of digital loopback mode and can now drive the J1850 bus normally. Data Sheet 80 MC68HC08AS32 -- Rev. 4.1 Freescale Semiconductor RX4XE -- Receive 4X Enable Bit This bit determines if the BDLC operates at normal transmit and receive speed (10.4 kbps) or receive only at 41.6 kbps. This feature is useful for fast download of data into a J1850 node for diagnostic or factory programming of the node. 1 = When set, the BDLC is put in 4X receive-only operation. 0 = When cleared, the BDLC transmits and receives at 10.4 kbps. NBFS -- Normalization Bit Format Select Bit This bit controls the format of the normalization bit (NB). (See Figure 4-20.) SAE J1850 strongly encourages using an active long (logic 0) for in-frame responses containing cyclical redundancy check (CRC) and an active short (logic 1) for in-frame responses without CRC. 1 = NB that is received or transmitted is a 0 when the response part of an in-frame response (IFR) ends with a CRC byte. NB that is received or transmitted is a 1 when the response part of an in-frame response (IFR) does not end with a CRC byte. 0 = NB that is received or transmitted is a 1 when the response part of an in-frame response (IFR) ends with a CRC byte. NB that is received or transmitted is a 0 when the response part of an in-frame response (IFR) does not end with a CRC byte. TEOD -- Transmit End of Data Bit This bit is set by the programmer to indicate the end of a message is being sent by the BDLC. It will append an 8-bit CRC after completing transmission of the current byte. This bit also is used to end an in-frame response (IFR). If the transmit shadow register is full when TEOD is set, the CRC byte will be transmitted after the current byte in the Tx shift register and the byte in the Tx shadow register have been transmitted. (See 4.5.3 Rx and Tx Shadow Registers for a description of the transmit shadow register.) Once TEOD is set, the transmit data register empty flag (TDRE) in the BDLC state vector register (BSVR) is cleared to allow lower priority interrupts to occur. (See 4.6.4 BDLC State Vector Register.) 1 = Transmit end-of-data (EOD) symbol 0 = The TEOD bit will be cleared automatically at the rising edge of the first CRC bit that is sent or if an error is detected. When TEOD is used to end an IFR transmission, TEOD is cleared when the BDLC receives back a valid EOD symbol or an error condition occurs. TSIFR, TMIFR1, and TMIFR0 -- Transmit In-Frame Response Control Bits These three bits control the type of in-frame response being sent. The programmer should not set more than one of these control bits to a 1 at any given time. However, if more than one of these three control bits are set to 1, the priority encoding logic will force these register bits to a known value as shown in Table 4-4. For example, if 011 is written to TSIFR, TMIFR1, and TMIFR0, then internally they will be encoded as 010. However, when these bits are read back, they will read 011. MC68HC08AS32 -- Rev. 4.1 Freescale Semiconductor Data Sheet 81 Table 4-4. BDLC Transmit In-Frame Response Control Bit Priority Encoding Write/Read TSIFR 0 1 0 0 Write/Read TMIFR1 0 X 1 0 Write/Read TMIFR0 0 X X 1 Actual TSIFR 0 1 0 0 Actual TMIFR1 0 0 1 0 Actual TMIFR0 0 0 0 1 The BDLC supports the in-frame response (IFR) feature of J1850 by setting these bits correctly. The four types of J1850 IFR are shown below. The purpose of the in-frame response modes is to allow multiple nodes to acknowledge receipt of the data by responding with their personal ID or physical address in a concatenated manner after they have seen the EOD symbol. If transmission arbitration is lost by a node while sending its response, it continues to transmit its ID/address until observing its unique byte in the response stream. For VPW modulation, because the first bit of the IFR is always passive, a normalization bit (active) must be generated by the responder and sent prior to its ID/address byte. When there are multiple responders on the J1850 bus, only one normalization bit is sent which assists all other transmitting nodes to sync up their response. EOF EOD NB = Normalization Bit ID = Identifier (usually the physical address of the responder(s)) Data Sheet 82 SOF SOF SOF SOF HEADER DATA FIELD CRC TYPE 0 -- NO IFR EOD EOF EOD HEADER DATA FIELD CRC NB ID TYPE 1 -- SINGLE BYTE TRANSMITTED FROM A SINGLE RESPONDER EOF EOD EOD HEADER DATA FIELD CRC NB ID1 ID N TYPE 2 -- SINGLE BYTE TRANSMITTED FROM MULTIPLE RESPONDERS EOF EOD CRC (OPTIONAL) EOD HEADER DATA FIELD CRC NB IFR DATA FIELD TYPE 3 -- MULTIPLE BYTES TRANSMITTED FROM A SINGLE RESPONDER Figure 4-20. Types of In-Frame Response (IFR) MC68HC08AS32 -- Rev. 4.1 Freescale Semiconductor TSIFR -- Transmit Single Byte IFR with No CRC (Type 1 or 2) Bit The TSIFR bit is used to request the BDLC to transmit the byte in the BDLC data register (BDR, $003F) as a single byte IFR with no CRC. Typically, the byte transmitted is a unique identifier or address of the transmitting (responding) node. See Figure 4-20. 1 = If this bit is set prior to a valid EOD being received with no CRC error, once the EOD symbol has been received the BDLC will attempt to transmit the appropriate normalization bit followed by the byte in the BDR. 0 = The TSIFR bit will be cleared automatically, once the BDLC has successfully transmitted the byte in the BDR onto the bus, or TEOD is set, or an error is detected on the bus. If the programmer attempts to set the TSIFR bit immediately after the EOD symbol has been received from the bus, the TSIFR bit will remain in the reset state and no attempt will be made to transmit the IFR byte. If a loss of arbitration occurs when the BDLC attempts to transmit and after the IFR byte winning arbitration completes transmission, the BDLC will again attempt to transmit the BDR (with no normalization bit). The BDLC will continue transmission attempts until an error is detected on the bus, or TEOD is set, or the BDLC transmission is successful. If loss or arbitration occurs in the last two bits of the IFR byte, two additional 1 bits will not be sent out because the BDLC will attempt to retransmit the byte in the transmit shift register after the IRF byte winning arbitration completes transmission. TMIFR1 -- Transmit Multiple Byte IFR with CRC (Type 3) Bit The TMIFR1 bit requests the BDLC to transmit the byte in the BDLC data register (BDR) as the first byte of a multiple byte IFR with CRC or as a single byte IFR with CRC. Response IFR bytes are still subject to J1850 message length maximums (see 4.4.2 J1850 Frame Format and Figure 4-20). If this bit is set prior to a valid EOD being received with no CRC error, once the EOD symbol has been received the BDLC will attempt to transmit the appropriate normalization bit followed by IFR bytes. The programmer should set TEOD after the last IFR byte has been written into the BDR register. After TEOD has been set and the last IFR byte has been transmitted, the CRC byte is transmitted. 0 = The TMIFR1 bit will be cleared automatically - once the BDLC has successfully transmitted the CRC byte and EOD symbol - by the detection of an error on the multiplex bus or by a transmitter underrun caused when the programmer does not write another byte to the BDR after the TDRE interrupt. If the TMIFR1 bit is set, the BDLC will attempt to transmit the normalization symbol followed by the byte in the BDR. After the byte in the BDR has been loaded into the transmit shift register, a TDRE interrupt (see 4.6.4 BDLC State Vector Register) will occur similar to the main message transmit sequence. MC68HC08AS32 -- Rev. 4.1 Freescale Semiconductor Data Sheet 83 The programmer should then load the next byte of the IFR into the BDR for transmission. When the last byte of the IFR has been loaded into the BDR, the programmer should set the TEOD bit in the BDLC control register 2 (BCR2). This will instruct the BDLC to transmit a CRC byte once the byte in the BDR is transmitted and then transmit an EOD symbol, indicating the end of the IFR portion of the message frame. However, if the programmer wishes to transmit a single byte followed by a CRC byte, the programmer should load the byte into the BDR before the EOD symbol has been received, and then set the TMIFR1 bit. Once the TDRE interrupt occurs, the programmer should then set the TEOD bit in the BCR2. This will result in the byte in the BDR being the only byte transmitted before the IFR CRC byte, and no TDRE interrupt will be generated. If the programmer attempts to set the TMIFR1 bit immediately after the EOD symbol has been received from the bus, the TMIFR1 bit will remain in the reset state, and no attempt will be made to transmit an IFR byte. If a loss of arbitration occurs when the BDLC is transmitting any byte of a multiple byte IFR, the BDLC will go to the loss of arbitration state, set the appropriate flag, and cease transmission. If the BDLC loses arbitration during the IFR, the TMIFR1 bit will be cleared and no attempt will be made to retransmit the byte in the BDR. If loss of arbitration occurs in the last two bits of the IFR byte, two additional 1 bits will be sent out. NOTE: The extra logic 1s are an enhancement to the J1850 protocol which forces a byte boundary condition fault. This is helpful in preventing noise from going onto the J1850 bus from a corrupted message. TMIFR0 -- Transmit Multiple Byte IFR without CRC (Type 3) Bit The TMIFR0 bit is used to request the BDLC to transmit the byte in the BDLC data register (BDR) as the first byte of a multiple byte IFR without CRC. Response IFR bytes are still subject to J1850 message length maximums (see 4.4.2 J1850 Frame Format and Figure 4-20). 1 = If this bit is set prior to a valid EOD being received with no CRC error, once the EOD symbol has been received the BDLC will attempt to transmit the appropriate normalization bit followed by IFR bytes. The programmer should set TEOD after the last IFR byte has been written into the BDR register. After TEOD has been set, the last IFR byte to be transmitted will be the last byte which was written into the BDR register. 0 = The TMIFR0 bit will be cleared automatically; once the BDLC has successfully transmitted the EOD symbol; by the detection of an error on the multiplex bus; or by a transmitter underrun caused when the programmer does not write another byte to the BDR after the TDRE interrupt. If the TMIFR0 bit is set, the BDLC will attempt to transmit the normalization symbol followed by the byte in the BDR. After the byte in the BDR has been loaded into the transmit shift register, a TDRE interrupt (see 4.6.4 BDLC State Vector Register) will occur similar to the main message transmit sequence. Data Sheet 84 MC68HC08AS32 -- Rev. 4.1 Freescale Semiconductor The programmer should then load the next byte of the IFR into the BDR for transmission. When the last byte of the IFR has been loaded into the BDR, the programmer should set the TEOD bit in the BCR2. This will instruct the BDLC to transmit an EOD symbol once the byte in the BDR is transmitted, indicating the end of the IFR portion of the message frame. The BDLC will not append a CRC when the TMIFR0 is set. If the programmer attempts to set the TMIFR0 bit after the EOD symbol has been received from the bus, the TMIFR0 bit will remain in the reset state, and no attempt will be made to transmit an IFR byte. If a loss of arbitration occurs when the BDLC is transmitting, the TMIFR0 bit will be cleared and no attempt will be made to retransmit the byte in the BDR. If loss of arbitration occurs in the last two bits of the IFR byte, two additional 1 bits (active short bits) will be sent out. NOTE: The extra logic 1s are an enhancement to the J1850 protocol which forces a byte boundary condition fault. This is helpful in preventing noise from going onto the J1850 bus from a corrupted message. 4.6.4 BDLC State Vector Register This register is provided to substantially decrease the CPU overhead associated with servicing interrupts while under operation of a multiplex protocol. It provides an index offset that is directly related to the BDLC's current state, which can be used with a user-supplied jump table to rapidly enter an interrupt service routine. This eliminates the need for the user to maintain a duplicate state machine in software. Address: Read: Write: Reset: $003E Bit 7 0 R 0 R 6 0 R 0 = Reserved 5 I3 R 0 4 I2 R 0 3 I1 R 0 2 I0 R 0 1 0 R 0 Bit 0 0 R 0 Figure 4-21. BDLC State Vector Register (BSVR) I0, I1, I2, and I3 -- Interrupt Source Bits These bits indicate the source of the interrupt request that currently is pending. The encoding of these bits are listed in Table 4-5. Bits I0, I1, I2, and I3 are cleared by a read of the BSVR except when the BDLC data register needs servicing (RDRF, RXIFR, or TDRE conditions). RXIFR and RDRF can be cleared only by a read of the BSVR followed by a read of the BDLC data register (BDR). TDRE can either be cleared by a read of the BSVR followed by a write to the BDLC BDR or by setting the TEOD bit in BCR2. MC68HC08AS32 -- Rev. 4.1 Freescale Semiconductor Data Sheet 85 Table 4-5. BDLC Interrupt Sources BSVR $00 $04 $08 $0C $10 $14 $18 $1C $20 I3 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 I2 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 0 I1 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 1 0 I0 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 Interrupt Source No interrupts pending Received EOF Received IFR byte (RXIFR) BDLC Rx data register full (RDRF) BDLC Tx data register empty (TDRE) Loss of arbitration Cyclical redundancy check (CRC) error Symbol invalid or out of range Wakeup Priority 0 (Lowest) 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 (Highest) Upon receiving a BDLC interrupt, the user can read the value within the BSVR, transferring it to the CPU's index register. The value can then be used to index into a jump table, with entries four bytes apart, to quickly enter the appropriate service routine. For example: Service * * JMPTAB LDX JMP BSVR JMPTAB,X Fetch State Vector Number Enter service routine, (must end in RTI) Service condition #0 Service condition #1 Service condition #2 JMP NOP JMP NOP JMP NOP JMP END SERVE0 SERVE1 SERVE2 * SERVE8 Service condition #8 NOTE: The NOPs are used only to align the JMPs onto 4-byte boundaries so that the value in the BSVR can be used intact. Each of the service routines must end with an RTI instruction to guarantee correct continued operation of the device. Note also that the first entry can be omitted since it corresponds to no interrupt occurring. The service routines should clear all of the sources that are causing the pending interrupts. Note that the clearing of a high priority interrupt may still leave a lower priority interrupt pending, in which case bits I0, I1, and I2 of the BSVR will then reflect the source of the remaining interrupt request. If fewer states are used or if a different software approach is taken, the jump table can be made smaller or omitted altogether. Data Sheet 86 MC68HC08AS32 -- Rev. 4.1 Freescale Semiconductor 4.6.5 BDLC Data Register Address: Read: Write: Reset: $003F Bit 7 D7 6 D6 5 D5 4 D4 3 D3 2 D2 1 D1 Bit 0 D0 Unaffected by Reset Figure 4-22. BDLC Data Register (BDR) This register is used to pass the data to be transmitted to the J1850 bus from the CPU to the BDLC. It is also used to pass data received from the J1850 bus to the CPU. Each data byte (after the first one) should be written only after a Tx data register empty (TDRE) state is indicated in the BSVR. Data read from this register will be the last data byte received from the J1850 bus. This received data should only be read after an Rx data register full (RDRF) interrupt has occurred. (See 4.6.4 BDLC State Vector Register.) The BDR is double buffered via a transmit shadow register and a receive shadow register. After the byte in the transmit shift register has been transmitted, the byte currently stored in the transmit shadow register is loaded into the transmit shift register. Once the transmit shift register has shifted the first bit out, the TDRE flag is set, and the shadow register is ready to accept the next data byte. The receive shadow register works similarly. Once a complete byte has been received, the receive shift register stores the newly received byte into the receive shadow register. The RDRF flag is set to indicate that a new byte of data has been received. The programmer has one BDLC byte reception time to read the shadow register and clear the RDRF flag before the shadow register is overwritten by the newly received byte. To abort an in-progress transmission, the programmer should stop loading data into the BDR. This will cause a transmitter underrun error and the BDLC automatically will disable the transmitter on the next non-byte boundary. This means that the earliest a transmission can be halted is after at least one byte plus two extra logic 1s have been transmitted. The receiver will pick this up as an error and relay it in the state vector register as an invalid symbol error. NOTE: The extra logic 1s are an enhancement to the J1850 protocol which forces a byte boundary condition fault. This is helpful in preventing noise from going onto the J1850 bus from a corrupted message. MC68HC08AS32 -- Rev. 4.1 Freescale Semiconductor Data Sheet 87 4.7 Low-Power Modes The following information concerns wait mode and stop mode. 4.7.1 Wait Mode This power-conserving mode is entered automatically from run mode whenever the CPU executes a WAIT instruction and the WCM bit in BDLC control register 1 (BCR1) is previously clear. In BDLC wait mode, the BDLC cannot drive any data. A subsequent successfully received message, including one that is in progress at the time that this mode is entered, will cause the BDLC to wake up and generate a CPU interrupt request if the interrupt enable (IE) bit in the BDLC control register 1 (BCR1) is previously set. (See 4.6.2 BDLC Control Register 1 for a better understanding of IE.) This results in less of a power saving, but the BDLC is guaranteed to receive correctly the message which woke it up, since the BDLC internal operating clocks are kept running. NOTE: Ensuring that all transmissions are complete or aborted before putting the BDLC into wait mode is important. 4.7.2 Stop Mode This power-conserving mode is entered automatically from run mode whenever the CPU executes a STOP instruction or if the CPU executes a WAIT instruction and the WCM bit in the BDLC control register 1 (BCR1) is previously set. This is the lowest power mode that the BDLC can enter. A subsequent passive-to-active transition on the J1850 bus will cause the BDLC to wake up and generate a non-maskable CPU interrupt request. When a STOP instruction is used to put the BDLC in stop mode, the BDLC is not guaranteed to correctly receive the message which woke it up, since it may take some time for the BDLC internal operating clocks to restart and stabilize. If a WAIT instruction is used to put the BDLC in stop mode, the BDLC is guaranteed to correctly receive the byte which woke it up, if and only if an end-of-frame (EOF) has been detected prior to issuing the WAIT instruction by the CPU. Otherwise, the BDLC will not correctly receive the byte that woke it up. If this mode is entered while the BDLC is receiving a message, the first subsequent received edge will cause the BDLC to wake up immediately, generate a CPU interrupt request, and wait for the BDLC internal operating clocks to restart and stabilize before normal communications can resume. Therefore, the BDLC is not guaranteed to receive that message correctly. NOTE: It is important to ensure all transmissions are complete or aborted prior to putting the BDLC into stop mode. Data Sheet 88 MC68HC08AS32 -- Rev. 4.1 Freescale Semiconductor Data Sheet -- MC68HC08AS32 Section 5. Clock Generator Module (CGM) 5.1 Introduction This section describes the clock generator module (CGM). The CGM generates the crystal clock signal, CGMXCLK, which operates at the frequency of the crystal. The CGM also generates the base clock signal, CGMOUT, from which the system integration module (SIM) derives the system clocks. CGMOUT is based on either the crystal clock divided by two or the phase-locked loop (PLL) clock, CGMVCLK, divided by two. The PLL is a frequency generator designed for use with 1-MHz to 16-MHz crystals or ceramic resonators. The PLL can generate an 8-MHz bus frequency without using a 32-MHz crystal. 5.2 Features Features of the CGM include: * * * * * Phase-locked loop with output frequency in integer multiples of the crystal reference Programmable hardware voltage-controlled oscillator (VCO) for low-jitter operation Automatic bandwidth control mode for low-jitter operation Automatic frequency lock detector CPU interrupt on entry or exit from locked condition 5.3 Functional Description The CGM consists of three major submodules: * * * Crystal oscillator circuit -- The crystal oscillator circuit generates the constant crystal frequency clock, CGMXCLK. Phase-locked loop (PLL) -- The PLL generates the programmable VCO frequency clock, CGMVCLK. Base clock selector circuit -- This software-controlled circuit selects either CGMXCLK divided by two or the VCO clock, CGMVCLK, divided by two as the base clock, CGMOUT. The SIM derives the system clocks from CGMOUT. Figure 5-1 shows the structure of the CGM. MC68HC08AS32 -- Rev. 4.1 Freescale Semiconductor Data Sheet 89 CRYSTAL OSCILLATOR OSC2 CGMXCLK OSC1 CLOCK SELECT CIRCUIT A B S* CGMOUT TO SIM, SCI, ADC, BDLC TO SIM /2 SIMOSCEN CGMRDV CGMRCLK BCS VSS VRS[7:4] *When S = 1, CGMOUT = B VDDA CGMXFC USER MODE PTC3 MONITOR MODE VOLTAGE CONTROLLED OSCILLATOR PHASE DETECTOR LOOP FILTER PLL ANALOG LOCK DETECTOR BANDWIDTH CONTROL INTERRUPT CONTROL CGMINT LOCK AUTO ACQ PLLIE PLLF MUL[7:4] CGMVDV FREQUENCY DIVIDER CGMVCLK Figure 5-1. CGM Block Diagram Data Sheet 90 MC68HC08AS32 -- Rev. 4.1 Freescale Semiconductor Addr. $001C Register Name PLL Control Register Read: (PCTL) Write: See page 99. Reset: PLL Bandwidth Control Register Read: (PBWC) Write: See page 100. Reset: PLL Programming Register Read: (PPG) Write: See page 102. Reset: Bit 7 PLLIE 0 AUTO 0 MUL7 0 R 6 PLLF R 0 LOCK R 0 MUL6 1 = Reserved 5 PLLON 1 ACQ 0 MUL5 1 4 BCS 0 XLD 0 MUL4 0 3 1 R 1 0 R 0 VRS7 0 2 1 R 1 0 R 0 VRS6 1 1 1 R 1 0 R 0 VRS5 1 Bit 0 1 R 1 0 R 0 VRS4 0 $001D $001E NOTES: 1. When AUTO = 0, PLLIE is forced to logic 0 and is read-only. 2. When AUTO = 0, PLLF and LOCK read as logic 0. 3. When AUTO = 1, ACQ is read-only. 4. When PLLON = 0 or VRS[7:4] = $0, BCS is forced to logic 0 and is read-only. 5. When PLLON = 1, the PLL programming register is read-only. 6. When BCS = 1, PLLON is forced set and is read-only. Figure 5-2. CGM I/O Register Summary 5.3.1 Crystal Oscillator Circuit The crystal oscillator circuit consists of an inverting amplifier and an external crystal. The OSC1 pin is the input and the OSC2 pin is the output to the amplifier. The SIMOSCEN signal from the system integration module (SIM) enables the crystal oscillator circuit. The CGMXCLK signal is the output of the crystal oscillator circuit and runs at a rate equal to the crystal frequency. CGMXCLK is then buffered to produce CGMRCLK, the PLL reference clock. CGMXCLK can be used by other modules which require precise timing for operation. The duty cycle of CGMXCLK is not guaranteed to be 50% and depends on external factors, including the crystal and related external components. An externally generated clock also can feed the OSC1 pin of the crystal oscillator circuit. Connect the external clock to the OSC1 pin and let the OSC2 pin float. 5.3.2 Phase-Locked Loop Circuit (PLL) The PLL is a frequency generator that can operate in either acquisition mode or tracking mode, depending on the accuracy of the output frequency. The PLL can change between acquisition and tracking modes either automatically or manually. While reading this section, refer to 17.8 CGM Operating Conditions for operating frequencies. MC68HC08AS32 -- Rev. 4.1 Freescale Semiconductor Data Sheet 91 5.3.2.1 Circuits The PLL consists of these circuits: * * * * * Voltage-controlled oscillator (VCO) Modulo VCO frequency divider Phase detector Loop filter Lock detector The operating range of the VCO is programmable for a wide range of frequencies and for maximum immunity to external noise, including supply and CGMXFC noise. (For maximum immunity guidelines on electromagnetic compatibility, refer to document numbers AN1050/D and AN1263/D available from your Freescale sales office.) The VCO frequency is bound to a range from roughly one-half to twice the center-of-range frequency, fVRS. Modulating the voltage on the CGMXFC pin changes the frequency within this range. By design, fVRS is equal to the nominal center-of-range frequency, fNOM, 4.9152 MHz times a linear factor (L) or fNOM. CGMRCLK is the PLL reference clock, a buffered version of CGMXCLK. CGMRCLK runs at a crystal frequency, fRCLK, and is fed to the PLL through a buffer. The buffer output is the final reference clock, CGMRDV, running at a frequency equal to fRCLK. The VCO's output clock, CGMVCLK, running at a frequency, fVCLK, is fed back through a programmable modulo divider. The modulo divider reduces the VCO clock by a factor, N (see 5.3.2.4 Programming the PLL). The divider's output is the VCO feedback clock, CGMVDV, running at a frequency equal to fVCLK/N. See 17.8 CGM Operating Conditions for more information. The phase detector then compares the VCO feedback clock (CGMVDV) with the final reference clock (CGMRDV). A correction pulse is generated based on the phase difference between the two signals. The loop filter then slightly alters the dc voltage on the external capacitor connected to CGMXFC, based on the width and direction of the correction pulse. The filter can make fast or slow corrections, depending on its mode, described in 5.3.2.2 Acquisition and Tracking Modes. The value of the external capacitor and the reference frequency determines the speed of the corrections and the stability of the PLL. The lock detector compares the frequencies of the VCO feedback clock, CGMVDV, and the final reference clock, CGMRDV. Therefore, the speed of the lock detector is directly proportional to the final reference frequency, fRD. The circuit determines the mode of the PLL and the lock condition based on this comparison. Data Sheet 92 MC68HC08AS32 -- Rev. 4.1 Freescale Semiconductor 5.3.2.2 Acquisition and Tracking Modes The PLL filter is manually or automatically configurable into one of two operating modes: * Acquisition mode -- In acquisition mode, the filter can make large (see 17.10 CGM Acquisition/Lock Time Information) frequency corrections to the VCO. This mode is used at PLL startup or when the PLL has suffered a severe noise hit and the VCO frequency is far off the desired frequency. When in acquisition mode, the ACQ bit is clear in the PLL bandwidth control register. (See 5.5.2 PLL Bandwidth Control Register.) Tracking mode -- In tracking mode, the filter makes only small (see 17.10 CGM Acquisition/Lock Time Information) corrections to the frequency of the VCO. PLL jitter is much lower in tracking mode, but the response to noise is also slower. The PLL enters tracking mode when the VCO frequency is nearly correct, such as when the PLL is selected as the base clock source. (See 5.3.3 Base Clock Selector Circuit.) The PLL is automatically in tracking mode when not in acquisition mode or when the ACQ bit is set. * 5.3.2.3 Automatic and Manual PLL Bandwidth Modes The PLL can change the bandwidth or operational mode of the loop filter manually or automatically. In automatic bandwidth control mode (AUTO = 1), the lock detector automatically switches between acquisition and tracking modes. Automatic bandwidth control mode also is used to determine when the VCO clock, CGMVCLK, is safe to use as the source for the base clock, CGMOUT. (See 5.5.2 PLL Bandwidth Control Register.) If PLL interrupts are enabled, the software can wait for a PLL interrupt request and then check the LOCK bit. If interrupts are disabled, software can poll the LOCK bit continuously (during PLL startup, usually) or at periodic intervals. In either case, when the LOCK bit is set, the VCO clock is safe to use as the source for the base clock. (See 5.3.3 Base Clock Selector Circuit.) If the VCO is selected as the source for the base clock and the LOCK bit is clear, the PLL has suffered a severe noise hit and the software must take appropriate action, depending on the application. (See 5.6 Interrupts for information and precautions on using interrupts.) The following conditions apply when the PLL is in automatic bandwidth control mode: * The ACQ bit (see 5.5.2 PLL Bandwidth Control Register) is a read-only indicator of the mode of the filter. (See 5.3.2.2 Acquisition and Tracking Modes.) The ACQ bit is set when the VCO frequency is within a certain tolerance, TRK, and is cleared when the VCO frequency is out of a certain tolerance, UNT. (See 5.9 Acquisition/Lock Time Specifications for more information.) Data Sheet 93 * MC68HC08AS32 -- Rev. 4.1 Freescale Semiconductor * * The LOCK bit is a read-only indicator of the locked state of the PLL. The LOCK bit is set when the VCO frequency is within a certain tolerance, LOCK, and is cleared when the VCO frequency is out of a certain tolerance, UNL. (See 5.9 Acquisition/Lock Time Specifications for more information.) CPU interrupts can occur if enabled (PLLIE = 1) when the PLL's lock condition changes, toggling the LOCK bit. (See 5.5.1 PLL Control Register.) * The PLL also can operate in manual mode (AUTO = 0). Manual mode is used by systems that do not require an indicator of the lock condition for proper operation. Such systems typically operate well below fBUSMAX and require fast startup. The following conditions apply when in manual mode: * * ACQ is a writable control bit that controls the mode of the filter. Before turning on the PLL in manual mode, the ACQ bit must be clear. Before entering tracking mode (ACQ = 1), software must wait a given time, tACQ (see 5.9 Acquisition/Lock Time Specifications), after turning on the PLL by setting PLLON in the PLL control register (PCTL). Software must wait a given time, tAL, after entering tracking mode before selecting the PLL as the clock source to CGMOUT (BCS = 1). The LOCK bit is disabled. CPU interrupts from the CGM are disabled. * * * 5.3.2.4 Programming the PLL Use this procedure to program the PLL: 1. Choose the desired bus frequency, fBUSDES. Example: fBUSDES = 8 MHz 2. Calculate the desired VCO frequency, fVCLKDES. fVCLKDES = 4 x fBUSDES Example: fVCLKDES = 4 x 8 MHz = 32 MHz 3. Using a reference frequency, fRCLK, equal to the crystal frequency, calculate the VCO frequency multiplier, N. NOTE: The round function means that the result is rounded to the nearest integer. VCLKDES N = round ---------------------- f RCLK f Example: 32 MHz N = ------------------- = 8 4 MHz MC68HC08AS32 -- Rev. 4.1 Freescale Semiconductor Data Sheet 94 4. Calculate the VCO frequency, fVCLK. f VCLK = N x f RCLK Example: fVCLK = 8 x 4 MHz = 32 MHz 5. Calculate the bus frequency, fBUS, and compare fBUS with fBUSDES. If the calculated fBUS is not within the tolerance limits of your application, select another fBUSDES or another fRCLK. f VCLK f BUS = ------------4 Example: 32 MHz f BUS = ------------------- = 8 MHz 4 6. Using the value 4.9152 MHz for fNOM, calculate the VCO linear range multiplier, L. The linear range multiplier controls the frequency range of the PLL. f VCLK L = round ------------- f NOM 32 MHz Example: L = ------------------------------- = 7 4.9152 MHz 7. Calculate the VCO center-of-range frequency, fVRS. The center-of-range frequency is the midpoint between the minimum and maximum frequencies attainable by the PLL. fVRS = L x fNOM Example: fVRS = 7 x 4.9152 MHz = 34.4 MHz NOTE: Exceeding the recommended maximum bus frequency or VCO frequency can crash the MCU. For proper operation, f NOM f VRS - f VCLK -----------2 8. Program the PLL registers accordingly: a. In the upper four bits of the PLL programming register (PPG), program the binary equivalent of N. b. In the lower four bits of the PLL programming register (PPG), program the binary equivalent of L. MC68HC08AS32 -- Rev. 4.1 Freescale Semiconductor Data Sheet 95 5.3.2.5 Special Programming Exceptions The programming method described in 5.3.2.4 Programming the PLL does not account for two possible exceptions. A value of zero for N or L is meaningless when used in the equations given. To account for these exceptions: * * A zero value for N is interpreted exactly the same as a value of one. A zero value for L disables the PLL and prevents its selection as the source for the base clock. (See 5.3.3 Base Clock Selector Circuit.) 5.3.3 Base Clock Selector Circuit This circuit is used to select either the crystal clock (CGMXCLK) or the VCO clock (CGMVCLK) as the source of the base clock (CGMOUT). The two input clocks go through a transition control circuit that waits up to three CGMXCLK cycles and three CGMVCLK cycles to change from one clock source to the other. During this time, CGMOUT is held in stasis. The output of the transition control circuit is then divided by two to correct the duty cycle. Therefore, the bus clock frequency, which is one-half of the base clock frequency, is one-fourth the frequency of the selected clock (CGMXCLK or CGMVCLK). The BCS bit in the PLL control register (PCTL) selects which clock drives CGMOUT. The VCO clock cannot be selected as the base clock source if the PLL is not turned on. The PLL cannot be turned off if the VCO clock is selected. The PLL cannot be turned on or off simultaneously with the selection or deselection of the VCO clock. The VCO clock also cannot be selected as the base clock source if the factor L is programmed to a zero. This value would set up a condition inconsistent with the operation of the PLL, so that the PLL would be disabled and the crystal clock would be forced as the source of the base clock. 5.3.4 CGM External Connections In its typical configuration, the CGM requires seven external components. Five of these are for the crystal oscillator and two are for the PLL. The crystal oscillator is normally connected in a Pierce oscillator configuration, as shown in Figure 5-3. Figure 5-3 shows only the logical representation of the internal components and may not represent actual circuitry. The oscillator configuration uses five components: * * * * * Crystal, X1 Fixed capacitor, C1 Tuning capacitor, C2, can also be a fixed capacitor Feedback resistor, RB Series resistor, RS, optional Data Sheet 96 MC68HC08AS32 -- Rev. 4.1 Freescale Semiconductor The series resistor (RS) is included in the diagram to follow strict Pierce oscillator guidelines and may not be required for all ranges of operation, especially with high-frequency crystals. Refer to the crystal manufacturer's data for more information. Figure 5-3 also shows the external components for the PLL: * * Bypass capacitor, CBYP Filter capacitor, CF Routing should be done with great care to minimize signal cross talk and noise. (See 5.9 Acquisition/Lock Time Specifications for routing information and more information on the filter capacitor's value and its effects on PLL performance.) SIMOSCEN CGMXCLK OSC1 OSC2 RS * RB VSS CGMXFC CF VDDA/VDDAREF VDD CBYP X1 C1 C2 *RS can be 0 (shorted) when used with higher-frequency crystals. Refer to manufacturer's data. Figure 5-3. CGM External Connections 5.4 I/O Signals The following paragraphs describe the CGM input/output (I/O) signals. 5.4.1 Crystal Amplifier Input Pin (OSC1) The OSC1 pin is an input to the crystal oscillator amplifier. 5.4.2 Crystal Amplifier Output Pin (OSC2) The OSC2 pin is the output of the crystal oscillator inverting amplifier. MC68HC08AS32 -- Rev. 4.1 Freescale Semiconductor Data Sheet 97 5.4.3 External Filter Capacitor Pin (CGMXFC) The CGMXFC pin is required by the loop filter to filter out phase corrections. A small external capacitor is connected to this pin. NOTE: To prevent noise problems, CF should be placed as close to the CGMXFC pin as possible, with minimum routing distances and no routing of other signals across the CF connection. 5.4.4 Analog Power Pin (VDDA/VDDAREF) VDDA/VDDAREF is a power pin used by the analog portions of the PLL. Connect the VDDA/VDDAREF pin to the same voltage potential as the VDD pin. NOTE: Route VDDA/VDDAREF carefully for maximum noise immunity and place bypass capacitors as close as possible to the package. 5.4.5 Oscillator Enable Signal (SIMOSCEN) The SIMOSCEN signal comes from the system integration module (SIM) and enables the oscillator and PLL. 5.4.6 Crystal Output Frequency Signal (CGMXCLK) CGMXCLK is the crystal oscillator output signal. It runs at the full speed of the crystal, fXCLK, and comes directly from the crystal oscillator circuit. Figure 5-3 shows only the logical relation of CGMXCLK to OSC1 and OSC2 and may not represent the actual circuitry. The duty cycle of CGMXCLK is unknown and may depend on the crystal and other external factors. Also, the frequency and amplitude of CGMXCLK can be unstable at startup. 5.4.7 CGM Base Clock Output (CGMOUT) CGMOUT is the clock output of the CGM. This signal goes to the SIM, which generates the MCU clocks. CGMOUT is a 50% duty cycle clock running at twice the bus frequency. CGMOUT is software programmable to be either the oscillator output, CGMXCLK, divided by two or the VCO clock, CGMVCLK, divided by two. 5.4.8 CGM CPU Interrupt (CGMINT) CGMINT is the interrupt signal generated by the PLL lock detector. Data Sheet 98 MC68HC08AS32 -- Rev. 4.1 Freescale Semiconductor 5.5 CGM Registers These registers control and monitor operation of the CGM: * * * PLL control register (PCTL) (See 5.5.1 PLL Control Register.) PLL bandwidth control register (PBWC) (See 5.5.2 PLL Bandwidth Control Register.) PLL programming register (PPG) (See 5.5.3 PLL Programming Register.) Figure 5-2 is a summary of the CGM registers. 5.5.1 PLL Control Register The PLL control register contains the interrupt enable and flag bits, the on/off switch, and the base clock selector bit. Address: Read: Write: Reset: $001C Bit 7 PLLIE 0 R 6 PLLF R 0 = Reserved 5 PLLON 1 4 BCS 0 3 1 R 1 2 1 R 1 1 1 R 1 Bit 0 1 R 1 Figure 5-4. PLL Control Register (PCTL) PLLIE -- PLL Interrupt Enable Bit This read/write bit enables the PLL to generate an interrupt request when the LOCK bit toggles, setting the PLL flag, PLLF. When the AUTO bit in the PLL bandwidth control register (PBWC) is clear, PLLIE cannot be written and reads as logic 0. Reset clears the PLLIE bit. 1 = PLL interrupts enabled 0 = PLL interrupts disabled PLLF -- PLL Flag Bit This read-only bit is set whenever the LOCK bit toggles. PLLF generates an interrupt request if the PLLIE bit also is set. PLLF always reads as logic 0 when the AUTO bit in the PLL bandwidth control register (PBWC) is clear. Clear the PLLF bit by reading the PLL control register. Reset clears the PLLF bit. 1 = Change in lock condition 0 = No change in lock condition NOTE: Do not inadvertently clear the PLLF bit. Any read or read-modify-write operation on the PLL control register clears the PLLF bit. MC68HC08AS32 -- Rev. 4.1 Freescale Semiconductor Data Sheet 99 PLLON -- PLL On Bit This read/write bit activates the PLL and enables the VCO clock, CGMVCLK. PLLON cannot be cleared if the VCO clock is driving the base clock, CGMOUT (BCS = 1). (See 5.3.3 Base Clock Selector Circuit.) Reset sets this bit so that the loop can stabilize as the MCU is powering up. 1 = PLL on 0 = PLL off BCS -- Base Clock Select Bit This read/write bit selects either the crystal oscillator output, CGMXCLK, or the VCO clock, CGMVCLK, as the source of the CGM output, CGMOUT. CGMOUT frequency is one-half the frequency of the selected clock. BCS cannot be set while the PLLON bit is clear. After toggling BCS, it may take up to three CGMXCLK cycles and three CGMVCLK cycles to complete the transition from one source clock to the other. During the transition, CGMOUT is held in stasis. (See 5.3.3 Base Clock Selector Circuit.) Reset and the STOP instruction clear the BCS bit. 1 = CGMVCLK divided by two drives CGMOUT 0 = CGMXCLK divided by two drives CGMOUT NOTE: PLLON and BCS have built-in protection that prevents the base clock selector circuit from selecting the VCO clock as the source of the base clock if the PLL is off. Therefore, PLLON cannot be cleared when BCS is set, and BCS cannot be set when PLLON is clear. If the PLL is off (PLLON = 0), selecting CGMVCLK requires two writes to the PLL control register. (See 5.3.3 Base Clock Selector Circuit.) PCTL[3:0] -- Unimplemented bits These bits provide no function and always read as logic 1s. 5.5.2 PLL Bandwidth Control Register The PLL bandwidth control register: * * * * Selects automatic or manual (software-controlled) bandwidth control mode Indicates when the PLL is locked In automatic bandwidth control mode, indicates when the PLL is in acquisition or tracking mode In manual operation, forces the PLL into acquisition or tracking mode $001D Bit 7 Read: Write: Reset: AUTO 0 R 6 LOCK R 0 = Reserved 5 ACQ 0 4 XLD 0 3 0 R 0 2 0 R 0 1 0 R 0 Bit 0 0 R 0 Address: Figure 5-5. PLL Bandwidth Control Register (PBWC) Data Sheet 100 MC68HC08AS32 -- Rev. 4.1 Freescale Semiconductor AUTO -- Automatic Bandwidth Control Bit This read/write bit selects automatic or manual bandwidth control. When initializing the PLL for manual operation (AUTO = 0), clear the ACQ bit before turning on the PLL. Reset clears the AUTO bit. 1 = Automatic bandwidth control 0 = Manual bandwidth control LOCK -- Lock Indicator Bit When the AUTO bit is set, LOCK is a read-only bit that becomes set when the VCO clock, CGMVCLK, is locked (running at the programmed frequency). When the AUTO bit is clear, LOCK reads as logic 0 and has no meaning. Reset clears the LOCK bit. 1 = VCO frequency correct or locked 0 = VCO frequency incorrect or unlocked ACQ -- Acquisition Mode Bit When the AUTO bit is set, ACQ is a read-only bit that indicates whether the PLL is in acquisition mode or tracking mode. When the AUTO bit is clear, ACQ is a read/write bit that controls whether the PLL is in acquisition mode or tracking mode. In automatic bandwidth control mode (AUTO = 1), the last-written value from manual operation is stored in a temporary location and is recovered when manual operation resumes. Reset clears this bit, enabling acquisition mode. 1 = Tracking mode 0 = Acquisition mode XLD -- Crystal Loss Detect Bit When the VCO output (CGMVCLK) is driving CGMOUT, this read/write bit can indicate whether the crystal reference frequency is active or not. To check the status of the crystal reference, follow these steps: 1. Write a logic 1 to XLD. 2. Wait N x 4 cycles. (N is the VCO frequency multiplier.) 3. Read XLD. 1 = Crystal reference not active 0 = Crystal reference active The crystal loss detect function works only when the BCS bit is set, selecting CGMVCLK to drive CGMOUT. When BCS is clear, XLD always reads as logic 0. PBWC[3:0] -- Reserved for Test These bits enable test functions not available in user mode. To ensure software portability from development systems to user applications, software should write 0s to PBWC[3:0] whenever writing to PBWC. MC68HC08AS32 -- Rev. 4.1 Freescale Semiconductor Data Sheet 101 5.5.3 PLL Programming Register The PLL programming register contains the programming information for the modulo feedback divider and the programming information for the hardware configuration of the VCO. Address: Read: Write: Reset: $001E Bit 7 MUL7 0 6 MUL6 1 5 MUL5 1 4 MUL4 0 3 VRS7 0 2 VRS6 1 1 VRS5 1 Bit 0 VRS4 0 Figure 5-6. PLL Programming Register (PPG) MUL[7:4] -- Multiplier Select Bits These read/write bits control the modulo feedback divider that selects the VCO frequency multiplier, N. (See 5.3.2 Phase-Locked Loop Circuit (PLL).) A value of $0 in the multiplier select bits configures the modulo feedback divider the same as a value of $1. Reset initializes these bits to $6 to give a default multiply value of 6. Table 5-1. VCO Frequency Multiplier (N) Selection MUL7:MUL6:MUL5:MUL4 0000 0001 0010 0011 VCO Frequency Multiplier (N) 1 1 2 3 1101 1110 1111 13 14 15 NOTE: The multiplier select bits have built-in protection that prevents them from being written when the PLL is on (PLLON = 1). VRS[7:4] -- VCO Range Select Bits These read/write bits control the hardware center-of-range linear multiplier, L, which controls the hardware center-of-range frequency, fVRS, (see 5.3.2 Phase-Locked Loop Circuit (PLL)). VRS[7:4] cannot be written when the PLLON bit in the PLL control register (PCTL) is set. (See 5.3.2.5 Special Programming Exceptions.) A value of $0 in the VCO range selects bits, disables the PLL, and clears the BCS bit in the PCTL. (See 5.3.3 Base Clock Data Sheet 102 MC68HC08AS32 -- Rev. 4.1 Freescale Semiconductor Selector Circuit and 5.3.2.5 Special Programming Exceptions for more information.) Reset initializes the bits to $6 to give a default range multiply value of 6. NOTE: The VCO range select bits have built-in protection that prevents them from being written when the PLL is on (PLLON = 1) and prevents selection of the VCO clock as the source of the base clock (BCS = 1) if the VCO range select bits are all clear. The VCO range select bits must be programmed correctly. Incorrect programming can result in failure of the PLL to achieve lock. 5.6 Interrupts When the AUTO bit is set in the PLL bandwidth control register (PBWC), the PLL can generate a CPU interrupt request every time the LOCK bit changes state. The PLLIE bit in the PLL control register (PCTL) enables CPU interrupts from the PLL. PLLF, the interrupt flag in the PCTL, becomes set whether interrupts are enabled or not. When the AUTO bit is clear, CPU interrupts from the PLL are disabled and PLLF reads as logic 0. Software should read the LOCK bit after a PLL interrupt request to see if the request was due to an entry into lock or an exit from lock. When the PLL enters lock, the VCO clock, CGMVCLK, divided by two can be selected as the CGMOUT source by setting BCS in the PCTL. When the PLL exits lock, the VCO clock frequency is corrupt, and appropriate precautions should be taken. If the application is not frequency sensitive, interrupts should be disabled to prevent PLL interrupt service routines from impeding software performance or from exceeding stack limitations. NOTE: Software can select the CGMVCLK divided by two as the CGMOUT source even if the PLL is not locked (LOCK = 0). Therefore, software should make sure the PLL is locked before setting the BCS bit. 5.7 Special Modes The WAIT and STOP instructions put the MCU in low-power standby modes. 5.7.1 Wait Mode The WAIT instruction does not affect the CGM. Before entering wait mode, software can disengage and turn off the PLL by clearing the BCS and PLLON bits in the PLL control register (PCTL). Less power-sensitive applications can disengage the PLL without turning it off. Applications that require the PLL to wake the MCU from wait mode also can deselect the PLL output without turning off the PLL. MC68HC08AS32 -- Rev. 4.1 Freescale Semiconductor Data Sheet 103 5.7.2 Stop Mode When the STOP instruction executes, the SIM drives the SIMOSCEN signal low, disabling the CGM and holding low all CGM outputs (CGMXCLK, CGMOUT, and CGMINT). If the STOP instruction is executed with the VCO clock (CGMVCLK) divided by two driving CGMOUT, the PLL automatically clears the BCS bit in the PLL control register (PCTL), thereby selecting the crystal clock (CGMXCLK) divided by two as the source of CGMOUT. When the MCU recovers from STOP, the crystal clock divided by two drives CGMOUT and BCS remains clear. 5.8 CGM During Break Interrupts The system integration module (SIM) controls whether status bits in other modules can be cleared during the break state. The BCFE bit in the SIM break flag control register (SBFCR) enables software to clear status bits during the break state. (See 13.7.3 SIM Break Flag Control Register.) To allow software to clear status bits during a break interrupt, write a logic 1 to the BCFE bit. If a status bit is cleared during the break state, it remains cleared when the MCU exits the break state. To protect the PLLF bit during the break state, write a logic 0 to the BCFE bit. With BCFE at logic 0 (its default state), software can read and write the PLL control register during the break state without affecting the PLLF bit. 5.9 Acquisition/Lock Time Specifications The acquisition and lock times of the PLL are, in many applications, the most critical PLL design parameters. Proper design and use of the PLL ensure the highest stability and lowest acquisition/lock times. 5.9.1 Acquisition/Lock Time Definitions Typical control systems refer to the acquisition time or lock time as the reaction time, within specified tolerances, of the system to a step input. In a PLL, the step input occurs when the PLL is turned on or when it suffers a noise hit. The tolerance usually is specified as a percent of the step input or when the output settles to the desired value plus or minus a percent of the frequency change. Therefore, the reaction time is constant in this definition, regardless of the size of the step input. For example, consider a system with a 5% acquisition time tolerance. If a command instructs the system to change from 0 Hz to 1 MHz, the acquisition time is the time taken for the frequency to reach 1 MHz 50 kHz. 50 kHz = 5% of the 1-MHz step input. If the system is operating at 1 MHz and suffers a -100-kHz noise hit, the acquisition time is the time taken to return from 900 kHz to 1 MHz 5 kHz. 5 kHz = 5% of the 100-kHz step input. Data Sheet 104 MC68HC08AS32 -- Rev. 4.1 Freescale Semiconductor Other systems refer to acquisition and lock times as the time the system takes to reduce the error between the actual output and the desired output to within specified tolerances. Therefore, the acquisition time or lock time vary according to the original error in the output. Minor errors may not even be registered. Typical PLL applications prefer to use this definition because the system requires the output frequency to be within a certain tolerance of the desired frequency regardless of the size of the initial error. The discrepancy in these definitions makes it difficult to specify an acquisition or lock time for a typical PLL. Therefore, the definitions for acquisition and lock times for this module are: * Acquisition time, tACQ, is the time the PLL takes to reduce the error between the actual output frequency and the desired output frequency to less than the tracking mode entry tolerance, TRK. Acquisition time is based on an initial frequency error, [(fDES - fORIG)/fDES], of not more than 100%. In automatic bandwidth control mode (see 5.3.2.3 Automatic and Manual PLL Bandwidth Modes), acquisition time expires when the ACQ bit becomes set in the PLL bandwidth control register (PBWC). Lock time, tLock, is the time the PLL takes to reduce the error between the actual output frequency and the desired output frequency to less than the lock mode entry tolerance, Lock. Lock time is based on an initial frequency error, [(fDES - fORIG)/fDES], of not more than 100%. In automatic bandwidth control mode, lock time expires when the LOCK bit becomes set in the PLL bandwidth control register (PBWC). (See 5.3.2.3 Automatic and Manual PLL Bandwidth Modes.) * Obviously, the acquisition and lock times can vary according to how large the frequency error is and may be shorter or longer in many cases. 5.9.2 Parametric Influences on Reaction Time Acquisition and lock times are designed to be as short as possible while still providing the highest possible stability. These reaction times are not constant, however. Many factors directly and indirectly affect the acquisition time. The most critical parameter which affects the PLL reaction times is the reference frequency, fRDV. This frequency is the input to the phase detector and controls how often the PLL makes corrections. For stability, the corrections must be small compared to the desired frequency, so several corrections are required to reduce the frequency error. Therefore, the slower the reference the longer it takes to make these corrections. This parameter is also under user control via the choice of an external crystal frequency, fXCLK. Another critical parameter is the external filter capacitor. The PLL modifies the voltage on the VCO by adding or subtracting charge from this capacitor. Therefore, the rate at which the voltage changes for a given frequency error (thus change in charge) is proportional to the capacitor size. The size of the capacitor also is related MC68HC08AS32 -- Rev. 4.1 Freescale Semiconductor Data Sheet 105 to the stability of the PLL. If the capacitor is too small, the PLL cannot make small enough adjustments to the voltage and the system cannot lock. If the capacitor is too large, the PLL may not be able to adjust the voltage in a reasonable time. (See 5.9.3 Choosing a Filter Capacitor.) Also important is the operating voltage potential applied to the PLL analog portion potential (VDDA/VDDAREF). Typically, VDDA/VDDAREF is at the same potential as VDD. The power supply potential alters the characteristics of the PLL. A fixed value is best. Variable supplies, such as batteries, are acceptable if they vary within a known range at very slow speeds. Noise on the power supply is not acceptable, because it causes small frequency errors which continually change the acquisition time of the PLL. Temperature and processing also can affect acquisition time because the electrical characteristics of the PLL change. The part operates as specified as long as these influences stay within the specified limits. External factors, however, can cause drastic changes in the operation of the PLL. These factors include noise injected into the PLL through the filter capacitor, filter capacitor leakage, stray impedances on the circuit board, and even humidity or circuit board contamination. 5.9.3 Choosing a Filter Capacitor As described in 5.9.2 Parametric Influences on Reaction Time, the external filter capacitor, CF, is critical to the stability and reaction time of the PLL. The PLL is also dependent on reference frequency, fRDV, and supply voltage, VDD. The value of the capacitor, therefore, must be chosen with supply potential and reference frequency in mind. For proper operation, the external filter capacitor must be chosen according to the following equation. Refer to 5.3.2 Phase-Locked Loop Circuit (PLL) for the value of fRDV and 17.9 CGM Component Information for the value of CFACT. V DDA C F = C FACT ------------ f RDV For the value of VDDA, choose the voltage potential at which the MCU is operating. If the power supply is variable, choose a value near the middle of the range of possible supply values. This equation does not always yield a commonly available capacitor size, so round to the nearest available size. If the value is between two different sizes, choose the higher value for better stability. Choosing the lower size may seem attractive for acquisition time improvement, but the PLL can become unstable. Also, always choose a capacitor with a tight tolerance (20% or better) and low dissipation. Data Sheet 106 MC68HC08AS32 -- Rev. 4.1 Freescale Semiconductor 5.9.4 Reaction Time Calculation The actual acquisition and lock times can be calculated using the equations in this subsection. These equations yield nominal values under the following conditions: * * * * Correct selection of filter capacitor, CF (See 5.9.3 Choosing a Filter Capacitor.) Room temperature operation Negligible external leakage on CGMXFC Negligible noise The K factor in the equations is derived from internal PLL parameters. KACQ is the K factor when the PLL is configured in acquisition mode, and KTRK is the K factor when the PLL is configured in tracking mode. (See 5.3.2.2 Acquisition and Tracking Modes.) V DDA 8 t ACQ = ------------ ------------- f RDV K ACQ V DDA 4 t AL = ------------ ------------ f RDV K TRK t Lock = t ACQ + t AL NOTE: There is an inverse proportionality between the lock time and the reference frequency. In automatic bandwidth control mode, the acquisition and lock times are quantized into units based on the reference frequency. (See 5.3.2.3 Automatic and Manual PLL Bandwidth Modes.) A certain number of clock cycles, nACQ, is required to ascertain that the PLL is within the tracking mode entry tolerance, TRK, before exiting acquisition mode. Additionally, a certain number of clock cycles, nTRK, is required to ascertain that the PLL is within the lock mode entry tolerance, Lock. Therefore, the acquisition time, tACQ, is an integer multiple of nACQ/fRDV, and the acquisition to lock time, tAL, is an integer multiple of nTRK/fRDV. Refer to 5.3.2 Phase-Locked Loop Circuit (PLL) for the value of fRDV. Also, since the average frequency over the entire measurement period must be within the specified tolerance, the total time usually is longer than tLock as calculated above. In manual mode, it is usually necessary to wait considerably longer than tLock before selecting the PLL clock (see 5.3.3 Base Clock Selector Circuit), because the factors described in 5.9.2 Parametric Influences on Reaction Time can slow the lock time considerably. MC68HC08AS32 -- Rev. 4.1 Freescale Semiconductor Data Sheet 107 Data Sheet 108 MC68HC08AS32 -- Rev. 4.1 Freescale Semiconductor Data Sheet -- MC68HC08AS32 Section 6. Computer Operating Properly (COP) 6.1 Introduction This section describes the computer operating properly (COP) module, a free-running counter that generates a reset if allowed to overflow. The COP module helps software recover from runaway code. Prevent a COP reset by periodically clearing the COP counter. 6.2 Functional Description Figure 6-1 shows the structure of the COP module. The COP counter is a free-running 6-bit counter preceded by the 12-bit system integration module (SIM) counter. COP timeouts are determined strictly by the CGM crystal oscillator clock signal (CGMXCLK), not the CGMOUT signal (see Figure 5-1. CGM Block Diagram). If not cleared by software, the COP counter overflows and generates an asynchronous reset after (213 - 24) or (218 - 24) CGMXCLK cycles, depending upon COPS bit in the MOR register ($001F) (See Section 10. Mask Options.) With a 4.9152-MHz crystal and the COPS bit in the MOR register ($001F) set to a logic 1, the COP timeout period is approximately 53.3 ms. Writing any value to location $FFFF before overflow occurs clears the COP counter, clears bits 12 through 4 of the SIM counter, and prevents reset. A CPU interrupt routine can be used to clear the COP. NOTE: The COP should be serviced as soon as possible out of reset and before entering or after exiting stop mode to guarantee the maximum selected amount of time before the first timeout. A COP reset pulls the RST pin low for 32 CGMXCLK cycles and sets the COP bit in the SIM reset status register (SRSR) (see 13.7.2 SIM Reset Status Register). While the microcontroller is in monitor mode, the COP module is disabled if the RST pin or the IRQ pin is held at VDD + VHI (see 17.4 5.0-Volt DC Electrical Characteristics). During a break state, VDD + VHI on the RST pin disables the COP module. NOTE: Place COP clearing instructions in the main program and not in an interrupt subroutine. Such an interrupt subroutine could keep the COP from generating a reset even while the main program is not working properly. The one exception to this is wait mode (see 6.7.1 Wait Mode). Data Sheet 109 MC68HC08AS32 -- Rev. 4.1 Freescale Semiconductor SIM CGMXCLK 12-BIT SIM COUNTER SIM RESET CIRCUIT SIM RESET STATUS REGISTER CLEAR ALL BITS STOP INSTRUCTION INTERNAL RESET SOURCES(1) RESET VECTOR FETCH COPCTL WRITE COP MODULE COPEN (FROM SIM) COPD (FROM MOR) RESET COPCTL WRITE 6-BIT COP COUNTER CLEAR COP COUNTER COPS 1. See 13.3.2 Active Resets from Internal Sources. Figure 6-1. COP Block Diagram 6.3 I/O Signals The following paragraphs describe the signals shown in Figure 6-1. 6.3.1 CGMXCLK CGMXCLK is the crystal oscillator output signal. CGMXCLK frequency is equal to the crystal frequency. 6.3.2 STOP Instruction The STOP instruction clears the SIM counter. Data Sheet 110 CLEAR BITS 12-4 MC68HC08AS32 -- Rev. 4.1 Freescale Semiconductor 6.3.3 COPCTL Write Writing any value to the COP control register (COPCTL) (see 6.4 COP Control Register) clears the COP counter and clears bits 12 through 4 of the SIM counter. Reading the COP control register returns the reset vector. 6.3.4 Internal Reset Resources An internal reset clears the SIM counter and the COP counter. (See 13.3.2 Active Resets from Internal Sources.) 6.3.5 Reset Vector Fetch A reset vector fetch occurs when the vector address appears on the data bus. A reset vector fetch clears the SIM counter. 6.3.6 COPD (COP Disable) The COPD bit reflects the state of the COP disable bit (COPD) in the MOR register ($001F). This signal disables COP-generated resets when asserted. (See Section 10. Mask Options.) 6.3.7 COPS (COP Short Timeout) The COPS bit selects the state of the COP short timeout bit (COPS) in the MOR register ($001F). Timeout periods can be (218 -24) or (213 -24) CGMXCLK cycles. (See 10.3 Mask Option Register.) 6.4 COP Control Register The COP control register is located at address $FFFF and overlaps the reset vector. Writing any value to $FFFF clears the COP counter and starts a new timeout period. Reading location $FFFF returns the low byte of the reset vector. Address: Read: Write: Reset: $FFFF Bit 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 Bit 0 Low byte of reset vector Clear COP counter Unaffected by reset Figure 6-2. COP Control Register (COPCTL) 6.5 Interrupts The COP does not generate CPU interrupt requests. MC68HC08AS32 -- Rev. 4.1 Freescale Semiconductor Data Sheet 111 6.6 Monitor Mode The COP is disabled in monitor mode when VDD + VHI (see 17.4 5.0-Volt DC Electrical Characteristics) is present on the IRQ pin or on the RST pin. 6.7 Low-Power Modes The following subsections describe the low-power modes. 6.7.1 Wait Mode The COP continues to operate during wait mode. To prevent a COP reset during wait mode, periodically clear the COP counter in a CPU interrupt routine. NOTE: If the COP is enabled in wait mode, it must be periodically refreshed. (See 6.3.6 COPD (COP Disable).) 6.7.2 Stop Mode Stop mode turns off the CGMXCLK input to the COP and clears the SIM counter. Service the COP immediately before entering or after exiting stop mode to ensure a full COP timeout period after entering or exiting stop mode. The STOP bit in the MOR register ($001F) (see Section 10. Mask Options) enables the STOP instruction. To prevent inadvertently turning off the COP with a STOP instruction, disable the STOP instruction by programming the STOP bit to logic 0. 6.8 COP Module During Break Interrupts The COP is disabled during a break interrupt when VDD + VHI (see 17.4 5.0-Volt DC Electrical Characteristics) is present on the RST pin. Data Sheet 112 MC68HC08AS32 -- Rev. 4.1 Freescale Semiconductor Data Sheet -- MC68HC08AS32 Section 7. Central Processor Unit (CPU) 7.1 Introduction The M68HC08 CPU (central processor unit) is an enhanced and fully object-code-compatible version of the M68HC05 CPU. The CPU08 Reference Manual (Freescale document order number CPU08RM/AD) contains a description of the CPU instruction set, addressing modes, and architecture. 7.2 Features Features of the CPU include: * * * * * * * * * * * Object code fully upward-compatible with M68HC05 Family 16-bit stack pointer with stack manipulation instructions 16-bit index register with x-register manipulation instructions 8-MHz CPU internal bus frequency 64-Kbyte program/data memory space 16 addressing modes Memory-to-memory data moves without using accumulator Fast 8-bit by 8-bit multiply and 16-bit by 8-bit divide instructions Enhanced binary-coded decimal (BCD) data handling Modular architecture with expandable internal bus definition for extension of addressing range beyond 64 Kbytes Low-power stop and wait modes MC68HC08AS32 -- Rev. 4.1 Freescale Semiconductor Data Sheet 113 7.3 CPU Registers Figure 7-1 shows the five CPU registers. CPU registers are not part of the memory map. 7 15 H 15 15 X 0 STACK POINTER (SP) 0 PROGRAM COUNTER (PC) 7 0 V11HINZC CONDITION CODE REGISTER (CCR) 0 ACCUMULATOR (A) 0 INDEX REGISTER (H:X) CARRY/BORROW FLAG ZERO FLAG NEGATIVE FLAG INTERRUPT MASK HALF-CARRY FLAG TWO'S COMPLEMENT OVERFLOW FLAG Figure 7-1. CPU Registers 7.3.1 Accumulator The accumulator is a general-purpose 8-bit register. The CPU uses the accumulator to hold operands and the results of arithmetic/logic operations. Bit 7 Read: Write: Reset: Unaffected by reset 6 5 4 3 2 1 Bit 0 Figure 7-2. Accumulator (A) Data Sheet 114 MC68HC08AS32 -- Rev. 4.1 Freescale Semiconductor 7.3.2 Index Register The 16-bit index register allows indexed addressing of a 64-Kbyte memory space. H is the upper byte of the index register, and X is the lower byte. H:X is the concatenated 16-bit index register. In the indexed addressing modes, the CPU uses the contents of the index register to determine the conditional address of the operand. The index register can serve also as a temporary data storage location. Bit 15 Read: Write: Reset: 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 X X X X X X X X Bit 0 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 X = Indeterminate Figure 7-3. Index Register (H:X) 7.3.3 Stack Pointer The stack pointer is a 16-bit register that contains the address of the next location on the stack. During a reset, the stack pointer is preset to $00FF. The reset stack pointer (RSP) instruction sets the least significant byte to $FF and does not affect the most significant byte. The stack pointer decrements as data is pushed onto the stack and increments as data is pulled from the stack. In the stack pointer 8-bit offset and 16-bit offset addressing modes, the stack pointer can function as an index register to access data on the stack. The CPU uses the contents of the stack pointer to determine the conditional address of the operand. Bit 15 Read: Write: Reset: 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 Bit 0 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 Figure 7-4. Stack Pointer (SP) NOTE: The location of the stack is arbitrary and may be relocated anywhere in random-access memory (RAM). Moving the SP out of page 0 ($0000 to $00FF) frees direct address (page 0) space. For correct operation, the stack pointer must point only to RAM locations. MC68HC08AS32 -- Rev. 4.1 Freescale Semiconductor Data Sheet 115 7.3.4 Program Counter The program counter is a 16-bit register that contains the address of the next instruction or operand to be fetched. Normally, the program counter automatically increments to the next sequential memory location every time an instruction or operand is fetched. Jump, branch, and interrupt operations load the program counter with an address other than that of the next sequential location. During reset, the program counter is loaded with the reset vector address located at $FFFE and $FFFF. The vector address is the address of the first instruction to be executed after exiting the reset state. Bit 15 Read: Write: Reset: Loaded with vector from $FFFE and $FFFF Bit 0 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 Figure 7-5. Program Counter (PC) 7.3.5 Condition Code Register The 8-bit condition code register contains the interrupt mask and five flags that indicate the results of the instruction just executed. Bits 6 and 5 are set permanently to logic 1. The following paragraphs describe the functions of the condition code register. Bit 7 Read: Write: Reset: V X X = Indeterminate 6 1 1 5 1 1 4 H X 3 I 1 2 N X 1 Z X Bit 0 C X Figure 7-6. Condition Code Register (CCR) V -- Overflow Flag The CPU sets the overflow flag when a two's complement overflow occurs. The signed branch instructions BGT, BGE, BLE, and BLT use the overflow flag. 1 = Overflow 0 = No overflow Data Sheet 116 MC68HC08AS32 -- Rev. 4.1 Freescale Semiconductor H -- Half-Carry Flag The CPU sets the half-carry flag when a carry occurs between accumulator bits 3 and 4 during an add-without-carry (ADD) or add-with-carry (ADC) operation. The half-carry flag is required for binary-coded decimal (BCD) arithmetic operations. The DAA instruction uses the states of the H and C flags to determine the appropriate correction factor. 1 = Carry between bits 3 and 4 0 = No carry between bits 3 and 4 I -- Interrupt Mask When the interrupt mask is set, all maskable CPU interrupts are disabled. CPU interrupts are enabled when the interrupt mask is cleared. When a CPU interrupt occurs, the interrupt mask is set automatically after the CPU registers are saved on the stack, but before the interrupt vector is fetched. 1 = Interrupts disabled 0 = Interrupts enabled NOTE: To maintain M6805 Family compatibility, the upper byte of the index register (H) is not stacked automatically. If the interrupt service routine modifies H, then the user must stack and unstack H using the PSHH and PULH instructions. After the I bit is cleared, the highest-priority interrupt request is serviced first. A return-from-interrupt (RTI) instruction pulls the CPU registers from the stack and restores the interrupt mask from the stack. After any reset, the interrupt mask is set and can be cleared only by the clear interrupt mask software instruction (CLI). N -- Negative flag The CPU sets the negative flag when an arithmetic operation, logic operation, or data manipulation produces a negative result, setting bit 7 of the result. 1 = Negative result 0 = Non-negative result Z -- Zero flag The CPU sets the zero flag when an arithmetic operation, logic operation, or data manipulation produces a result of $00. 1 = Zero result 0 = Non-zero result C -- Carry/Borrow Flag The CPU sets the carry/borrow flag when an addition operation produces a carry out of bit 7 of the accumulator or when a subtraction operation requires a borrow. Some instructions -- such as bit test and branch, shift, and rotate -- also clear or set the carry/borrow flag. 1 = Carry out of bit 7 0 = No carry out of bit 7 MC68HC08AS32 -- Rev. 4.1 Freescale Semiconductor Data Sheet 117 7.4 Arithmetic/Logic Unit (ALU) The ALU performs the arithmetic and logic operations defined by the instruction set. Refer to the CPU08 Reference Manual (Freescale document order number CPU08RM/AD) for a description of the instructions and addressing modes and more detail about the architecture of the CPU. 7.5 Low-Power Modes The WAIT and STOP instructions put the MCU in low power-consumption standby modes. 7.5.1 Wait Mode The WAIT instruction: * Clears the interrupt mask (I bit) in the condition code register, enabling interrupts. After exit from wait mode by interrupt, the I bit remains clear. After exit by reset, the I bit is set. Disables the CPU clock * 7.5.2 Stop Mode The STOP instruction: * Clears the interrupt mask (I bit) in the condition code register, enabling external interrupts. After exit from stop mode by external interrupt, the I bit remains clear. After exit by reset, the I bit is set. Disables the CPU clock * After exiting stop mode, the CPU clock begins running after the oscillator stabilization delay. 7.6 CPU During Break Interrupts If a break module is present on the MCU, the CPU starts a break interrupt by: * * Loading the instruction register with the SWI instruction Loading the program counter with $FFFC:$FFFD or with $FEFC:$FEFD in monitor mode The break interrupt begins after completion of the CPU instruction in progress. If the break address register match occurs on the last cycle of a CPU instruction, the break interrupt begins immediately. A return-from-interrupt instruction (RTI) in the break routine ends the break interrupt and returns the MCU to normal operation if the break interrupt has been deasserted. Data Sheet 118 MC68HC08AS32 -- Rev. 4.1 Freescale Semiconductor 7.7 Instruction Set Summary Table 7-1 provides a summary of the M68HC08 instruction set. Table 7-1. Instruction Set Summary (Sheet 1 of 7) Operand ii dd hh ll ee ff ff ff ee ff ii dd hh ll ee ff ff ff ee ff ii ii ii dd hh ll ee ff ff ff ee ff rr dd dd dd dd dd dd dd dd rr rr Address Mode Opcode Source Form ADC #opr ADC opr ADC opr ADC opr,X ADC opr,X ADC ,X ADC opr,SP ADC opr,SP ADD #opr ADD opr ADD opr ADD opr,X ADD opr,X ADD ,X ADD opr,SP ADD opr,SP AIS #opr AIX #opr AND #opr AND opr AND opr AND opr,X AND opr,X AND ,X AND opr,SP AND opr,SP ASL opr ASLA ASLX ASL opr,X ASL ,X ASL opr,SP ASR opr ASRA ASRX ASR opr,X ASR opr,X ASR opr,SP BCC rel Operation Description Cycles 2 3 4 4 3 2 4 5 2 3 4 4 3 2 4 5 2 2 2 3 4 4 3 2 4 5 4 1 1 4 3 5 4 1 1 4 3 5 3 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 3 3 Effect on CCR VHINZC Add with Carry A (A) + (M) + (C) - IMM DIR EXT IX2 IX1 IX SP1 SP2 IMM DIR EXT IX2 IX1 IX SP1 SP2 A9 B9 C9 D9 E9 F9 9EE9 9ED9 AB BB CB DB EB FB 9EEB 9EDB A7 AF A4 B4 C4 D4 E4 F4 9EE4 9ED4 Add without Carry A (A) + (M) - Add Immediate Value (Signed) to SP Add Immediate Value (Signed) to H:X SP (SP) + (16 M) H:X (H:X) + (16 M) - - - - - - IMM - - - - - - IMM IMM DIR EXT IX2 - IX1 IX SP1 SP2 DIR INH INH IX1 IX SP1 DIR INH INH IX1 IX SP1 Logical AND A (A) & (M) 0-- Arithmetic Shift Left (Same as LSL) C b7 b0 0 -- 38 dd 48 58 68 ff 78 9E68 ff 37 dd 47 57 67 ff 77 9E67 ff 24 11 13 15 17 19 1B 1D 1F 25 27 Arithmetic Shift Right b7 b0 C -- Branch if Carry Bit Clear PC (PC) + 2 + rel ? (C) = 0 - - - - - - REL DIR (b0) DIR (b1) DIR (b2) - - - - - - DIR (b3) DIR (b4) DIR (b5) DIR (b6) DIR (b7) - - - - - - REL - - - - - - REL BCLR n, opr Clear Bit n in M Mn 0 BCS rel BEQ rel Branch if Carry Bit Set (Same as BLO) Branch if Equal PC (PC) + 2 + rel ? (C) = 1 PC (PC) + 2 + rel ? (Z) = 1 MC68HC08AS32 -- Rev. 4.1 Freescale Semiconductor Data Sheet 119 Table 7-1. Instruction Set Summary (Sheet 2 of 7) Operand rr rr rr rr rr rr rr rr ii dd hh ll ee ff ff ff ee ff rr rr rr rr rr rr rr rr rr rr dd rr dd rr dd rr dd rr dd rr dd rr dd rr dd rr rr dd rr dd rr dd rr dd rr dd rr dd rr dd rr dd rr Address Mode Opcode Source Form Operation Description Cycles 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 2 3 4 4 3 2 4 5 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 3 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 Effect on CCR VHINZC BGE opr BGT opr BHCC rel BHCS rel BHI rel BHS rel BIH rel BIL rel BIT #opr BIT opr BIT opr BIT opr,X BIT opr,X BIT ,X BIT opr,SP BIT opr,SP BLE opr BLO rel BLS rel BLT opr BMC rel BMI rel BMS rel BNE rel BPL rel BRA rel Branch if Greater Than or Equal To (Signed Operands) Branch if Greater Than (Signed Operands) Branch if Half Carry Bit Clear Branch if Half Carry Bit Set Branch if Higher Branch if Higher or Same (Same as BCC) Branch if IRQ Pin High Branch if IRQ Pin Low PC (PC) + 2 + rel ? (N V) = 0 - - - - - - REL 90 92 28 29 22 24 2F 2E A5 B5 C5 D5 E5 F5 9EE5 9ED5 93 25 23 91 2C 2B 2D 26 2A 20 01 03 05 07 09 0B 0D 0F 21 00 02 04 06 08 0A 0C 0E PC (PC) + 2 + rel ? (Z) | (N V) = 0 - - - - - - REL PC (PC) + 2 + rel ? (H) = 0 PC (PC) + 2 + rel ? (H) = 1 PC (PC) + 2 + rel ? (C) | (Z) = 0 PC (PC) + 2 + rel ? (C) = 0 PC (PC) + 2 + rel ? IRQ = 1 PC (PC) + 2 + rel ? IRQ = 0 - - - - - - REL - - - - - - REL - - - - - - REL - - - - - - REL - - - - - - REL - - - - - - REL IMM DIR EXT - IX2 IX1 IX SP1 SP2 Bit Test (A) & (M) 0-- Branch if Less Than or Equal To (Signed Operands) Branch if Lower (Same as BCS) Branch if Lower or Same Branch if Less Than (Signed Operands) Branch if Interrupt Mask Clear Branch if Minus Branch if Interrupt Mask Set Branch if Not Equal Branch if Plus Branch Always PC (PC) + 2 + rel ? (Z) | (N V) = 1 - - - - - - REL PC (PC) + 2 + rel ? (C) = 1 PC (PC) + 2 + rel ? (C) | (Z) = 1 PC (PC) + 2 + rel ? (N V) =1 PC (PC) + 2 + rel ? (I) = 0 PC (PC) + 2 + rel ? (N) = 1 PC (PC) + 2 + rel ? (I) = 1 PC (PC) + 2 + rel ? (Z) = 0 PC (PC) + 2 + rel ? (N) = 0 PC (PC) + 2 + rel - - - - - - REL - - - - - - REL - - - - - - REL - - - - - - REL - - - - - - REL - - - - - - REL - - - - - - REL - - - - - - REL - - - - - - REL DIR (b0) DIR (b1) DIR (b2) DIR (b3) DIR (b4) DIR (b5) DIR (b6) DIR (b7) BRCLR n,opr,rel Branch if Bit n in M Clear PC (PC) + 3 + rel ? (Mn) = 0 ----- BRN rel Branch Never PC (PC) + 2 - - - - - - REL DIR (b0) DIR (b1) DIR (b2) DIR (b3) DIR (b4) DIR (b5) DIR (b6) DIR (b7) BRSET n,opr,rel Branch if Bit n in M Set PC (PC) + 3 + rel ? (Mn) = 1 ----- Data Sheet 120 MC68HC08AS32 -- Rev. 4.1 Freescale Semiconductor Table 7-1. Instruction Set Summary (Sheet 3 of 7) Operand dd dd dd dd dd dd dd dd rr dd rr ii rr ii rr ff rr rr ff rr ii dd hh ll ee ff ff ff ee ff ii ii+1 dd ii dd hh ll ee ff ff ff ee ff Address Mode Opcode Source Form Operation Description Cycles 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 5 4 4 5 4 6 1 2 3 1 1 1 3 2 4 2 3 4 4 3 2 4 5 4 1 1 4 3 5 3 4 2 3 4 4 3 2 4 5 2 Effect on CCR VHINZC BSET n,opr Set Bit n in M Mn 1 DIR (b0) DIR (b1) DIR (b2) DIR (b3) - - - - - - DIR (b4) DIR (b5) DIR (b6) DIR (b7) 10 12 14 16 18 1A 1C 1E BSR rel Branch to Subroutine PC (PC) + 2; push (PCL) SP (SP) - 1; push (PCH) SP (SP) - 1 PC (PC) + rel PC (PC) + 3 + rel ? (A) - (M) = $00 PC (PC) + 3 + rel ? (A) - (M) = $00 PC (PC) + 3 + rel ? (X) - (M) = $00 PC (PC) + 3 + rel ? (A) - (M) = $00 PC (PC) + 2 + rel ? (A) - (M) = $00 PC (PC) + 4 + rel ? (A) - (M) = $00 C0 I0 M $00 A $00 X $00 H $00 M $00 M $00 M $00 - - - - - - REL AD CBEQ opr,rel CBEQA #opr,rel CBEQX #opr,rel Compare and Branch if Equal CBEQ opr,X+,rel CBEQ X+,rel CBEQ opr,SP,rel CLC CLI CLR opr CLRA CLRX CLRH CLR opr,X CLR ,X CLR opr,SP CMP #opr CMP opr CMP opr CMP opr,X CMP opr,X CMP ,X CMP opr,SP CMP opr,SP COM opr COMA COMX COM opr,X COM ,X COM opr,SP CPHX #opr CPHX opr CPX #opr CPX opr CPX opr CPX ,X CPX opr,X CPX opr,X CPX opr,SP CPX opr,SP DAA Clear Carry Bit Clear Interrupt Mask DIR IMM IMM ------ IX1+ IX+ SP1 - - - - - 0 INH - - 0 - - - INH DIR INH INH 0 - - 0 1 - INH IX1 IX SP1 IMM DIR EXT IX2 IX1 IX SP1 SP2 DIR INH INH 1 IX1 IX SP1 IMM DIR IMM DIR EXT IX2 IX1 IX SP1 SP2 INH 31 41 51 61 71 9E61 98 9A Clear 3F dd 4F 5F 8C 6F ff 7F 9E6F ff A1 B1 C1 D1 E1 F1 9EE1 9ED1 Compare A with M (A) - (M) -- Complement (One's Complement) M (M) = $FF - (M) A (A) = $FF - (M) X (X) = $FF - (M) M (M) = $FF - (M) M (M) = $FF - (M) M (M) = $FF - (M) (H:X) - (M:M + 1) 0-- 33 dd 43 53 63 ff 73 9E63 ff 65 75 A3 B3 C3 D3 E3 F3 9EE3 9ED3 72 Compare H:X with M -- Compare X with M (X) - (M) -- Decimal Adjust A (A)10 U-- MC68HC08AS32 -- Rev. 4.1 Freescale Semiconductor Data Sheet 121 Table 7-1. Instruction Set Summary (Sheet 4 of 7) Operand dd rr rr rr ff rr rr ff rr ii dd hh ll ee ff ff ff ee ff dd hh ll ee ff ff dd hh ll ee ff ff ii dd hh ll ee ff ff ff ee ff ii jj dd ii dd hh ll ee ff ff ff ee ff Address Mode Opcode Source Form Operation Description Cycles 5 3 3 5 4 6 4 1 1 4 3 5 7 2 3 4 4 3 2 4 5 4 1 1 4 3 5 2 3 4 3 2 4 5 6 5 4 2 3 4 4 3 2 4 5 3 4 2 3 4 4 3 2 4 5 Effect on CCR VHINZC DBNZ opr,rel DBNZA rel DBNZX rel Decrement and Branch if Not Zero DBNZ opr,X,rel DBNZ X,rel DBNZ opr,SP,rel DEC opr DECA DECX DEC opr,X DEC ,X DEC opr,SP DIV EOR #opr EOR opr EOR opr EOR opr,X EOR opr,X EOR ,X EOR opr,SP EOR opr,SP INC opr INCA INCX INC opr,X INC ,X INC opr,SP JMP opr JMP opr JMP opr,X JMP opr,X JMP ,X JSR opr JSR opr JSR opr,X JSR opr,X JSR ,X LDA #opr LDA opr LDA opr LDA opr,X LDA opr,X LDA ,X LDA opr,SP LDA opr,SP LDHX #opr LDHX opr LDX #opr LDX opr LDX opr LDX opr,X LDX opr,X LDX ,X LDX opr,SP LDX opr,SP A (A) - 1 or M (M) - 1 or X (X) - 1 PC (PC) + 3 + rel ? (result) 0 DIR PC (PC) + 2 + rel ? (result) 0 INH PC (PC) + 2 + rel ? (result) 0 - - - - - - INH PC (PC) + 3 + rel ? (result) 0 IX1 PC (PC) + 2 + rel ? (result) 0 IX PC (PC) + 4 + rel ? (result) 0 SP1 M (M) - 1 A (A) - 1 X (X) - 1 M (M) - 1 M (M) - 1 M (M) - 1 A (H:A)/(X) H Remainder DIR INH INH - IX1 IX SP1 INH IMM DIR EXT IX2 - IX1 IX SP1 SP2 DIR INH INH - IX1 IX SP1 3B 4B 5B 6B 7B 9E6B Decrement -- 3A dd 4A 5A 6A ff 7A 9E6A ff 52 A8 B8 C8 D8 E8 F8 9EE8 9ED8 Divide ---- Exclusive OR M with A A (A M) 0-- Increment M (M) + 1 A (A) + 1 X (X) + 1 M (M) + 1 M (M) + 1 M (M) + 1 -- 3C dd 4C 5C 6C ff 7C 9E6C ff BC CC DC EC FC BD CD DD ED FD A6 B6 C6 D6 E6 F6 9EE6 9ED6 45 55 AE BE CE DE EE FE 9EEE 9EDE Jump PC Jump Address DIR EXT - - - - - - IX2 IX1 IX DIR EXT - - - - - - IX2 IX1 IX IMM DIR EXT - IX2 IX1 IX SP1 SP2 - IMM DIR IMM DIR EXT - IX2 IX1 IX SP1 SP2 Jump to Subroutine PC (PC) + n (n = 1, 2, or 3) Push (PCL); SP (SP) - 1 Push (PCH); SP (SP) - 1 PC Unconditional Address Load A from M A (M) 0-- Load H:X from M H:X (M:M + 1) 0-- Load X from M X (M) 0-- Data Sheet 122 MC68HC08AS32 -- Rev. 4.1 Freescale Semiconductor Table 7-1. Instruction Set Summary (Sheet 5 of 7) Operand dd dd dd ii dd dd ii dd hh ll ee ff ff ff ee ff Address Mode Opcode Source Form LSL opr LSLA LSLX LSL opr,X LSL ,X LSL opr,SP LSR opr LSRA LSRX LSR opr,X LSR ,X LSR opr,SP MOV opr,opr MOV opr,X+ MOV #opr,opr MOV X+,opr MUL NEG opr NEGA NEGX NEG opr,X NEG ,X NEG opr,SP NOP NSA ORA #opr ORA opr ORA opr ORA opr,X ORA opr,X ORA ,X ORA opr,SP ORA opr,SP PSHA PSHH PSHX PULA PULH PULX ROL opr ROLA ROLX ROL opr,X ROL ,X ROL opr,SP ROR opr RORA RORX ROR opr,X ROR ,X ROR opr,SP RSP Operation Description Cycles 4 1 1 4 3 5 4 1 1 4 3 5 5 4 4 4 5 4 1 1 4 3 5 1 3 2 3 4 4 3 2 4 5 2 2 2 2 2 2 4 1 1 4 3 5 4 1 1 4 3 5 1 Effect on CCR VHINZC Logical Shift Left (Same as ASL) C b7 b0 0 -- DIR INH INH IX1 IX SP1 DIR INH INH IX1 IX SP1 DD DIX+ - IMD IX+D 38 dd 48 58 68 ff 78 9E68 ff 34 dd 44 54 64 ff 74 9E64 ff 4E 5E 6E 7E 42 30 dd 40 50 60 ff 70 9E60 ff 9D 62 AA BA CA DA EA FA 9EEA 9EDA 87 8B 89 86 8A 88 39 dd 49 59 69 ff 79 9E69 ff 36 dd 46 56 66 ff 76 9E66 ff 9C Logical Shift Right 0 b7 b0 C --0 Move (M)Destination (M)Source H:X (H:X) + 1 (IX+D, DIX+) X:A (X) x (A) M -(M) = $00 - (M) A -(A) = $00 - (A) X -(X) = $00 - (X) M -(M) = $00 - (M) M -(M) = $00 - (M) None A (A[3:0]:A[7:4]) 0-- Unsigned multiply - 0 - - - 0 INH DIR INH INH IX1 IX SP1 Negate (Two's Complement) -- No Operation Nibble Swap A - - - - - - INH - - - - - - INH IMM DIR EXT IX2 - IX1 IX SP1 SP2 Inclusive OR A and M A (A) | (M) 0-- Push A onto Stack Push H onto Stack Push X onto Stack Pull A from Stack Pull H from Stack Pull X from Stack Push (A); SP (SP) - 1 Push (H); SP (SP) - 1 Push (X); SP (SP) - 1 SP (SP + 1); Pull (A) SP (SP + 1); Pull (H) SP (SP + 1); Pull (X) - - - - - - INH - - - - - - INH - - - - - - INH - - - - - - INH - - - - - - INH - - - - - - INH DIR INH INH IX1 IX SP1 DIR INH INH IX1 IX SP1 Rotate Left through Carry C b7 b0 -- Rotate Right through Carry b7 b0 C -- Reset Stack Pointer SP $FF - - - - - - INH MC68HC08AS32 -- Rev. 4.1 Freescale Semiconductor Data Sheet 123 Table 7-1. Instruction Set Summary (Sheet 6 of 7) Operand ii dd hh ll ee ff ff ff ee ff dd hh ll ee ff ff ff ee ff dd dd hh ll ee ff ff ff ee ff ii dd hh ll ee ff ff ff ee ff Address Mode Opcode Source Form Operation Description SP (SP) + 1; Pull (CCR) SP (SP) + 1; Pull (A) SP (SP) + 1; Pull (X) SP (SP) + 1; Pull (PCH) SP (SP) + 1; Pull (PCL) SP SP + 1; Pull (PCH) SP SP + 1; Pull (PCL) Cycles 7 4 2 3 4 4 3 2 4 5 1 2 3 4 4 3 2 4 5 4 1 3 4 4 3 2 4 5 2 3 4 4 3 2 4 5 9 2 1 1 Effect on CCR VHINZC RTI Return from Interrupt INH 80 RTS SBC #opr SBC opr SBC opr SBC opr,X SBC opr,X SBC ,X SBC opr,SP SBC opr,SP SEC SEI STA opr STA opr STA opr,X STA opr,X STA ,X STA opr,SP STA opr,SP STHX opr STOP STX opr STX opr STX opr,X STX opr,X STX ,X STX opr,SP STX opr,SP SUB #opr SUB opr SUB opr SUB opr,X SUB opr,X SUB ,X SUB opr,SP SUB opr,SP Return from Subroutine - - - - - - INH IMM DIR EXT IX2 IX1 IX SP1 SP2 81 A2 B2 C2 D2 E2 F2 9EE2 9ED2 99 9B B7 C7 D7 E7 F7 9EE7 9ED7 35 8E BF CF DF EF FF 9EEF 9EDF A0 B0 C0 D0 E0 F0 9EE0 9ED0 Subtract with Carry A (A) - (M) - (C) -- Set Carry Bit Set Interrupt Mask C1 I1 - - - - - 1 INH - - 1 - - - INH DIR EXT IX2 - IX1 IX SP1 SP2 - DIR Store A in M M (A) 0-- Store H:X in M Enable IRQ Pin; Stop Oscillator (M:M + 1) (H:X) I 0; Stop Oscillator 0-- - - 0 - - - INH DIR EXT IX2 - IX1 IX SP1 SP2 IMM DIR EXT IX2 IX1 IX SP1 SP2 Store X in M M (X) 0-- Subtract A (A) - (M) -- SWI Software Interrupt PC (PC) + 1; Push (PCL) SP (SP) - 1; Push (PCH) SP (SP) - 1; Push (X) SP (SP) - 1; Push (A) SP (SP) - 1; Push (CCR) SP (SP) - 1; I 1 PCH Interrupt Vector High Byte PCL Interrupt Vector Low Byte CCR (A) X (A) A (CCR) - - 1 - - - INH 83 TAP TAX TPA Transfer A to CCR Transfer A to X Transfer CCR to A INH - - - - - - INH - - - - - - INH 84 97 85 Data Sheet 124 MC68HC08AS32 -- Rev. 4.1 Freescale Semiconductor Table 7-1. Instruction Set Summary (Sheet 7 of 7) Operand Address Mode Opcode Source Form TST opr TSTA TSTX TST opr,X TST ,X TST opr,SP TSX TXA TXS A C CCR dd dd rr DD DIR DIX+ ee ff EXT ff H H hh ll I ii IMD IMM INH IX IX+ IX+D IX1 IX1+ IX2 M N Operation Description Cycles 3 1 1 3 2 4 2 1 2 Effect on CCR VHINZC Test for Negative or Zero (A) - $00 or (X) - $00 or (M) - $00 0-- DIR INH - INH IX1 IX SP1 3D dd 4D 5D 6D ff 7D 9E6D ff 95 9F 94 Transfer SP to H:X Transfer X to A Transfer H:X to SP H:X (SP) + 1 A (X) (SP) (H:X) - 1 n opr PC PCH PCL REL rel rr SP1 SP2 SP U V X Z & | - - - - - - INH - - - - - - INH - - - - - - INH Accumulator Carry/borrow bit Condition code register Direct address of operand Direct address of operand and relative offset of branch instruction Direct to direct addressing mode Direct addressing mode Direct to indexed with post increment addressing mode High and low bytes of offset in indexed, 16-bit offset addressing Extended addressing mode Offset byte in indexed, 8-bit offset addressing Half-carry bit Index register high byte High and low bytes of operand address in extended addressing Interrupt mask Immediate operand byte Immediate source to direct destination addressing mode Immediate addressing mode Inherent addressing mode Indexed, no offset addressing mode Indexed, no offset, post increment addressing mode Indexed with post increment to direct addressing mode Indexed, 8-bit offset addressing mode Indexed, 8-bit offset, post increment addressing mode Indexed, 16-bit offset addressing mode Memory location Negative bit () -( ) # ? : -- Any bit Operand (one or two bytes) Program counter Program counter high byte Program counter low byte Relative addressing mode Relative program counter offset byte Relative program counter offset byte Stack pointer, 8-bit offset addressing mode Stack pointer 16-bit offset addressing mode Stack pointer Undefined Overflow bit Index register low byte Zero bit Logical AND Logical OR Logical EXCLUSIVE OR Contents of Negation (two's complement) Immediate value Sign extend Loaded with If Concatenated with Set or cleared Not affected 7.8 Opcode Map See Table 7-2. MC68HC08AS32 -- Rev. 4.1 Freescale Semiconductor Data Sheet 125 126 Freescale Semiconductor Data Sheet LSB Table 7-2. Opcode Map Bit Manipulation DIR DIR MSB Branch REL 2 3 BRA 2 REL 3 BRN 2 REL 3 BHI 2 REL 3 BLS 2 REL 3 BCC 2 REL 3 BCS 2 REL 3 BNE 2 REL 3 BEQ 2 REL 3 BHCC 2 REL 3 BHCS 2 REL 3 BPL 2 REL 3 BMI 2 REL 3 BMC 2 REL 3 BMS 2 REL 3 BIL 2 REL 3 BIH 2 REL DIR 3 INH 4 Read-Modify-Write INH IX1 5 1 NEGX 1 INH 4 CBEQX 3 IMM 7 DIV 1 INH 1 COMX 1 INH 1 LSRX 1 INH 4 LDHX 2 DIR 1 RORX 1 INH 1 ASRX 1 INH 1 LSLX 1 INH 1 ROLX 1 INH 1 DECX 1 INH 3 DBNZX 2 INH 1 INCX 1 INH 1 TSTX 1 INH 4 MOV 2 DIX+ 1 CLRX 1 INH 6 4 NEG 2 IX1 5 CBEQ 3 IX1+ 3 NSA 1 INH 4 COM 2 IX1 4 LSR 2 IX1 3 CPHX 3 IMM 4 ROR 2 IX1 4 ASR 2 IX1 4 LSL 2 IX1 4 ROL 2 IX1 4 DEC 2 IX1 5 DBNZ 3 IX1 4 INC 2 IX1 3 TST 2 IX1 4 MOV 3 IMD 3 CLR 2 IX1 SP1 9E6 IX 7 Control INH INH 8 9 IMM A 2 SUB 2 IMM 2 CMP 2 IMM 2 SBC 2 IMM 2 CPX 2 IMM 2 AND 2 IMM 2 BIT 2 IMM 2 LDA 2 IMM 2 AIS 2 IMM 2 EOR 2 IMM 2 ADC 2 IMM 2 ORA 2 IMM 2 ADD 2 IMM DIR B EXT C 4 SUB 3 EXT 4 CMP 3 EXT 4 SBC 3 EXT 4 CPX 3 EXT 4 AND 3 EXT 4 BIT 3 EXT 4 LDA 3 EXT 4 STA 3 EXT 4 EOR 3 EXT 4 ADC 3 EXT 4 ORA 3 EXT 4 ADD 3 EXT 3 JMP 3 EXT 5 JSR 3 EXT 4 LDX 3 EXT 4 STX 3 EXT Register/Memory IX2 SP2 D 4 SUB 3 IX2 4 CMP 3 IX2 4 SBC 3 IX2 4 CPX 3 IX2 4 AND 3 IX2 4 BIT 3 IX2 4 LDA 3 IX2 4 STA 3 IX2 4 EOR 3 IX2 4 ADC 3 IX2 4 ORA 3 IX2 4 ADD 3 IX2 4 JMP 3 IX2 6 JSR 3 IX2 4 LDX 3 IX2 4 STX 3 IX2 9ED 5 SUB 4 SP2 5 CMP 4 SP2 5 SBC 4 SP2 5 CPX 4 SP2 5 AND 4 SP2 5 BIT 4 SP2 5 LDA 4 SP2 5 STA 4 SP2 5 EOR 4 SP2 5 ADC 4 SP2 5 ORA 4 SP2 5 ADD 4 SP2 IX1 E SP1 9EE 4 SUB 3 SP1 4 CMP 3 SP1 4 SBC 3 SP1 4 CPX 3 SP1 4 AND 3 SP1 4 BIT 3 SP1 4 LDA 3 SP1 4 STA 3 SP1 4 EOR 3 SP1 4 ADC 3 SP1 4 ORA 3 SP1 4 ADD 3 SP1 IX F 0 5 BRSET0 3 DIR 5 BRCLR0 3 DIR 5 BRSET1 3 DIR 5 BRCLR1 3 DIR 5 BRSET2 3 DIR 5 BRCLR2 3 DIR 5 BRSET3 3 DIR 5 BRCLR3 3 DIR 5 BRSET4 3 DIR 5 BRCLR4 3 DIR 5 BRSET5 3 DIR 5 BRCLR5 3 DIR 5 BRSET6 3 DIR 5 BRCLR6 3 DIR 5 BRSET7 3 DIR 5 BRCLR7 3 DIR 1 4 BSET0 2 DIR 4 BCLR0 2 DIR 4 BSET1 2 DIR 4 BCLR1 2 DIR 4 BSET2 2 DIR 4 BCLR2 2 DIR 4 BSET3 2 DIR 4 BCLR3 2 DIR 4 BSET4 2 DIR 4 BCLR4 2 DIR 4 BSET5 2 DIR 4 BCLR5 2 DIR 4 BSET6 2 DIR 4 BCLR6 2 DIR 4 BSET7 2 DIR 4 BCLR7 2 DIR 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 A B C D E F 4 1 NEG NEGA 2 DIR 1 INH 5 4 CBEQ CBEQA 3 DIR 3 IMM 5 MUL 1 INH 4 1 COM COMA 2 DIR 1 INH 4 1 LSR LSRA 2 DIR 1 INH 4 3 STHX LDHX 2 DIR 3 IMM 4 1 ROR RORA 2 DIR 1 INH 4 1 ASR ASRA 2 DIR 1 INH 4 1 LSL LSLA 2 DIR 1 INH 4 1 ROL ROLA 2 DIR 1 INH 4 1 DEC DECA 2 DIR 1 INH 5 3 DBNZ DBNZA 3 DIR 2 INH 4 1 INC INCA 2 DIR 1 INH 3 1 TST TSTA 2 DIR 1 INH 5 MOV 3 DD 3 1 CLR CLRA 2 DIR 1 INH 5 3 NEG NEG 3 SP1 1 IX 6 4 CBEQ CBEQ 4 SP1 2 IX+ 2 DAA 1 INH 5 3 COM COM 3 SP1 1 IX 5 3 LSR LSR 3 SP1 1 IX 4 CPHX 2 DIR 5 3 ROR ROR 3 SP1 1 IX 5 3 ASR ASR 3 SP1 1 IX 5 3 LSL LSL 3 SP1 1 IX 5 3 ROL ROL 3 SP1 1 IX 5 3 DEC DEC 3 SP1 1 IX 6 4 DBNZ DBNZ 4 SP1 2 IX 5 3 INC INC 3 SP1 1 IX 4 2 TST TST 3 SP1 1 IX 4 MOV 2 IX+D 4 2 CLR CLR 3 SP1 1 IX 7 3 RTI BGE 1 INH 2 REL 4 3 RTS BLT 1 INH 2 REL 3 BGT 2 REL 9 3 SWI BLE 1 INH 2 REL 2 2 TAP TXS 1 INH 1 INH 1 2 TPA TSX 1 INH 1 INH 2 PULA 1 INH 2 1 PSHA TAX 1 INH 1 INH 2 1 PULX CLC 1 INH 1 INH 2 1 PSHX SEC 1 INH 1 INH 2 2 PULH CLI 1 INH 1 INH 2 2 PSHH SEI 1 INH 1 INH 1 1 CLRH RSP 1 INH 1 INH 1 NOP 1 INH 1 STOP * 1 INH 1 1 WAIT TXA 1 INH 1 INH 3 SUB 2 DIR 3 CMP 2 DIR 3 SBC 2 DIR 3 CPX 2 DIR 3 AND 2 DIR 3 BIT 2 DIR 3 LDA 2 DIR 3 STA 2 DIR 3 EOR 2 DIR 3 ADC 2 DIR 3 ORA 2 DIR 3 ADD 2 DIR 2 JMP 2 DIR 4 4 BSR JSR 2 REL 2 DIR 2 3 LDX LDX 2 IMM 2 DIR 2 3 AIX STX 2 IMM 2 DIR MSB LSB 3 SUB 2 IX1 3 CMP 2 IX1 3 SBC 2 IX1 3 CPX 2 IX1 3 AND 2 IX1 3 BIT 2 IX1 3 LDA 2 IX1 3 STA 2 IX1 3 EOR 2 IX1 3 ADC 2 IX1 3 ORA 2 IX1 3 ADD 2 IX1 3 JMP 2 IX1 5 JSR 2 IX1 5 3 LDX LDX 4 SP2 2 IX1 5 3 STX STX 4 SP2 2 IX1 2 SUB 1 IX 2 CMP 1 IX 2 SBC 1 IX 2 CPX 1 IX 2 AND 1 IX 2 BIT 1 IX 2 LDA 1 IX 2 STA 1 IX 2 EOR 1 IX 2 ADC 1 IX 2 ORA 1 IX 2 ADD 1 IX 2 JMP 1 IX 4 JSR 1 IX 4 2 LDX LDX 3 SP1 1 IX 4 2 STX STX 3 SP1 1 IX MC68HC08AS32 -- Rev. 4.1 Inherent REL Relative Immediate IX Indexed, No Offset Direct IX1 Indexed, 8-Bit Offset Extended IX2 Indexed, 16-Bit Offset Direct-Direct IMD Immediate-Direct Indexed-Direct DIX+ Direct-Indexed *Pre-byte for stack pointer indexed instructions INH IMM DIR EXT DD IX+D SP1 Stack Pointer, 8-Bit Offset SP2 Stack Pointer, 16-Bit Offset IX+ Indexed, No Offset with Post Increment IX1+ Indexed, 1-Byte Offset with Post Increment 0 High Byte of Opcode in Hexadecimal Low Byte of Opcode in Hexadecimal 0 5 Cycles BRSET0 Opcode Mnemonic 3 DIR Number of Bytes / Addressing Mode Data Sheet -- MC68HC08AS32 Section 8. External Interrupt (IRQ) 8.1 Introduction This section describes the non-maskable external interrupt (IRQ) input. 8.2 Features Features of the IRQ include: * * * * Dedicated external interrupt pin (IRQ) Hysteresis buffer Programmable edge-only or edge and level interrupt sensitivity Automatic interrupt acknowledge 8.3 Functional Description A logic 0 applied to the external interrupt pin can latch a CPU interrupt request. Figure 8-1 shows the structure of the IRQ module. ACK INTERNAL ADDRESS BUS VECTOR FETCH DECODER TO CPU FOR BIL/BIH INSTRUCTIONS VDD D IRQ CLR Q SYNCHRONIZER IRQF IRQ INTERRUPT REQUEST CK IRQ LATCH IMASK MODE HIGH VOLTAGE DETECT TO MODE SELECT LOGIC Figure 8-1. IRQ Block Diagram MC68HC08AS32 -- Rev. 4.1 Freescale Semiconductor Data Sheet 127 PTA M68HC08 CPU CPU REGISTERS ARITHMETIC/LOGIC UNIT VREFH ANALOG-TO-DIGITAL CONVERTER MODULE DDRA DDRB PTB DDRC USER ROM -- 32,256 BYTES LOW-VOLTAGE INHIBIT MODULE USER EEPROM -- 512 BYTES PTC DDRD USER RAM -- 1024 BYTES MONITOR ROM -- 224 BYTES USER ROM VECTOR SPACE -- 36 BYTES OSC1 OSC2 CGMXFC COMPUTER OPERATING PROPERLY MODULE PTD CLOCK GENERATOR MODULE SERIAL COMMUNICATIONS INTERFACE MODULE DDRE SERIAL PERIPHERAL INTERFACE MODULE DDRF PTF SYSTEM INTEGRATION MODULE IRQ MODULE POWER-ON RESET MODULE BDRxD BDTxD PTE 128 Freescale Semiconductor Data Sheet RST IRQ INTERNAL BUS PTA7-PTA0 PTB7/ATD7-PTB0/ATD0 CONTROL AND STATUS REGISTERS -- 69 BYTES BREAK MODULE PTC4-PTC3 PTC2/MCLK PTC1-PTC0 PTD6/ATD14/TCLK PTD5/ATD13-PTD0/ATD8 TIMER INTERFACE MODULE PTE7/SPSCK PTE6/MOSI PTE5/MISO PTE4/SS PTE3/TCH1 PTE2/TCH0 PTE1/RxD PTE0/TxD PTF3/TCH5 PTF2/TCH4 PTF1/TCH3 PTF0/TCH2 BYTE DATA LINK CONTROLLER DIGITAL MODULE MC68HC08AS32 -- Rev. 4.1 VDDA/VDDAREF VSSA/VREFL VSS VDD POWER Figure 8-2. Block Diagram Highlighting the IRQ Block and Pins Addr. $001A Register Name IRQ Status and Control Read: Register (ISCR) Write: See page 132. Reset: Bit 7 0 R 0 R 6 0 R 0 = Reserved 5 0 R 0 4 0 R 0 3 IRQF R 0 2 0 ACK1 0 1 IMASK 0 Bit 0 MODE1 0 Figure 8-3. IRQ I/O Register Summary Interrupt signals on the IRQ pin are latched into the IRQ latch. An interrupt latch remains set until one of the following actions occurs: * * Vector fetch -- A vector fetch automatically generates an interrupt acknowledge signal that clears the latch that caused the vector fetch. Software clear -- Software can clear an interrupt latch by writing to the appropriate acknowledge bit in the interrupt status and control register (ISCR). Writing a logic 1 to the ACK bit clears the IRQ latch. Reset -- A reset automatically clears both interrupt latches. * The external interrupt pin is falling-edge triggered and is software configurable to be both falling-edge and low-level triggered. The MODE bit in the ISCR controls the triggering sensitivity of the IRQ pin. When an interrupt pin is edge-triggered only, the interrupt latch remains set until a vector fetch, software clear, or reset occurs. When an interrupt pin is both falling-edge and low-level triggered, the interrupt latch remains set until both of the following occur: * * Vector fetch or software clear Return of the interrupt pin to logic 1 The vector fetch or software clear may occur before or after the interrupt pin returns to logic 1. As long as the pin is low, the interrupt request remains pending. A reset will clear the latch and the MODE control bit, thereby clearing the interrupt even if the pin stays low. When set, the IMASK bit in the ISCR masks all external interrupt requests. A latched interrupt request is not presented to the interrupt priority logic unless the corresponding IMASK bit is clear. NOTE: The interrupt mask (I) in the condition code register (CCR) masks all interrupt requests, including external interrupt requests. (See Figure 8-4.) MC68HC08AS32 -- Rev. 4.1 Freescale Semiconductor Data Sheet 129 FROM RESET YES I BIT SET? NO INTERRUPT? NO YES STACK CPU REGISTERS SET I BIT LOAD PC WITH INTERRUPT VECTOR FETCH NEXT INSTRUCTION. SWI INSTRUCTION? NO RTI INSTRUCTION? NO YES YES UNSTACK CPU REGISTERS EXECUTE INSTRUCTION Figure 8-4. IRQ Interrupt Flowchart Data Sheet 130 MC68HC08AS32 -- Rev. 4.1 Freescale Semiconductor 8.4 IRQ Pin A logic 0 on the IRQ pin can latch an interrupt request into the IRQ latch. A vector fetch, software clear, or reset clears the IRQ latch. If the MODE bit is set, the IRQ pin is both falling-edge sensitive and low-level sensitive. With MODE set, both of the following actions must occur to clear the IRQ latch: * Vector fetch or software clear -- A vector fetch generates an interrupt acknowledge signal to clear the latch. Software may generate the interrupt acknowledge signal by writing a logic 1 to the ACK bit in the interrupt status and control register (ISCR). The ACK bit is useful in applications that poll the IRQ pin and require software to clear the IRQ latch. Writing to the ACK bit can also prevent spurious interrupts due to noise. Setting ACK does not affect subsequent transitions on the IRQ pin. A falling edge on IRQ that occurs after writing to the ACK bit latches another interrupt request. If the IRQ mask bit, IMASK, is clear, the CPU loads the program counter with the vector address at locations $FFFA and $FFFB. Return of the IRQ pin to logic 1 -- As long as the IRQ pin is at logic 0, the IRQ latch remains set. * The vector fetch or software clear and the return of the IRQ pin to logic 1 can occur in any order. The interrupt request remains pending as long as the IRQ pin is at logic 0. A reset will clear the latch and the MODE control bit, thereby clearing the interrupt even if the pin stays low. If the MODE bit is clear, the IRQ pin is falling-edge sensitive only. With MODE clear, a vector fetch or software clear immediately clears the IRQ latch. The IRQF bit in the ISCR register can be used to check for pending interrupts. The IRQF bit is not affected by the IMASK bit, which makes it useful in applications where polling is preferred. Use the BIH or BIL instruction to read the logic level on the IRQ pin. NOTE: When using the level-sensitive interrupt trigger, avoid false interrupts by masking interrupt requests in the interrupt routine. 8.5 IRQ Module During Break Interrupts The system integration module (SIM) controls whether the IRQ interrupt latch can be cleared during the break state. The BCFE bit in the SIM break flag control register (SBFCR) enables software to clear the latches during the break state. (See 13.7.3 SIM Break Flag Control Register.) To allow software to clear the IRQ latch during a break interrupt, write a logic 1 to the BCFE bit. If a latch is cleared during the break state, it remains cleared when the MCU exits the break state. MC68HC08AS32 -- Rev. 4.1 Freescale Semiconductor Data Sheet 131 To protect the latch during the break state, write a logic 0 to the BCFE bit. With BCFE at logic 0 (its default state), writing to the ACK bit in the IRQ status and control register during the break state has no effect on the IRQ latch. 8.6 IRQ Status and Control Register The IRQ status and control register (ISCR) controls and monitors operation of the IRQ module. The ISCR: * * * * Shows the state of the IRQ interrupt flag Clears the IRQ interrupt latch Masks IRQ interrupt request Controls triggering sensitivity of the IRQ interrupt pin $001A Bit 7 Read: Write: Reset: 0 R 0 R 6 0 R 0 = Reserved 5 0 R 0 4 0 R 0 3 IRQF R 0 2 0 ACK 0 1 IMASK 0 Bit 0 MODE 0 Address: Figure 8-5. IRQ Status and Control Register (ISCR) IRQF -- IRQ Flag Bit This read-only status bit is high when the IRQ interrupt is pending. 1 = IRQ interrupt pending 0 = IRQ interrupt not pending ACK -- IRQ Interrupt Request Acknowledge Bit Writing a logic 1 to this write-only bit clears the IRQ latch. ACK always reads as logic 0. Reset clears ACK. IMASK -- IRQ Interrupt Mask Bit Writing a logic 1 to this read/write bit disables IRQ interrupt requests. Reset clears IMASK. 1 = IRQ interrupt requests disabled 0 = IRQ interrupt requests enabled MODE -- IRQ Edge/Level Select Bit This read/write bit controls the triggering sensitivity of the IRQ pin. Reset clears MODE. 1 = IRQ interrupt requests on falling edges and low levels 0 = IRQ interrupt requests on falling edges only Data Sheet 132 MC68HC08AS32 -- Rev. 4.1 Freescale Semiconductor Data Sheet -- MC68HC08AS32 Section 9. Low-Voltage Inhibit (LVI) 9.1 Introduction This section describes the low-voltage inhibit module (LVI), which monitors the voltage on the VDD pin and can force a reset when the VDD voltage falls to the LVI trip voltage. 9.2 Features Features of the LVI module include: * * * Programmable LVI reset Programmable power consumption Digital filtering of VDD pin level 9.3 Functional Description Figure 9-1 shows the structure of the LVI module. The LVI is enabled out of reset. The LVI module contains a bandgap reference circuit and comparator. The LVI power bit, LVIPWR, enables the LVI to monitor VDD voltage. The LVI reset bit, LVIRST, enables the LVI module to generate a reset when VDD falls below a voltage, VLVIF, and remains at or below that level for nine or more consecutive CPU cycles. LVISTOP, enables the LVI module during stop mode. This will ensure when the STOP instruction is implemented, the LVI will continue to monitor the voltage level on VDD. LVIPWR, LVISTOP, and LVIRST are in the MOR register ($001F) (see Section 10. Mask Options). Once an LVI reset occurs, the MCU remains in reset until VDD rises above a voltage, VLVIR. The output of the comparator controls the state of the LVIOUT flag in the LVI status register (LVISR). An LVI reset also drives the RST pin low to provide low-voltage protection to external peripheral devices. MC68HC08AS32 -- Rev. 4.1 Freescale Semiconductor Data Sheet 133 VDD LVIPWR FROM CONFIG CPU CLOCK LOW VDD DETECTOR VDD > VLVIR = 0 VDD < VLVIF = 1 VDD DIGITAL FILTER FROM CONFIG LVIRST LVI RESET STOP MODE FILTER BYPASS ANLGTRIP LVISTOP FROM CONFIG LVIOUT Figure 9-1. LVI Module Block Diagram 9.3.1 Polled LVI Operation In applications that can operate at VDD levels below the VLVIF level, software can monitor VDD by polling the LVIOUT bit. In the MOR register, the LVIPWR bit must be at logic1 to enable the LVI module, and the LVIRST bit must be at logic 0 to disable LVI resets. 9.3.2 Forced Reset Operation In applications that require VDD to remain above the VLVIF level, enabling LVI resets allows the LVI module to reset the MCU when VDD falls to the VLVIF level and remains at or below that level for nine or more consecutive CPU cycles. In the MOR register, the LVIPWR and LVIRST bits must be at logic 1 to enable the LVI module and to enable LVI resets. 9.3.3 False Reset Protection The VDD pin level is digitally filtered to reduce false resets due to power supply noise. In order for the LVI module to reset the MCU,VDD must remain at or below the VLVIF level for nine or more consecutive CPU cycles. VDD must be above VLVIR for only one CPU cycle to bring the MCU out of reset. Data Sheet 134 MC68HC08AS32 -- Rev. 4.1 Freescale Semiconductor 9.4 LVI Status Register The LVI status register flags VDD voltages below the VLVIF level. Address: Read: Write: Reset: $FE0F Bit 7 LVIOUT R 0 R 6 0 R 0 = Reserved 5 0 R 0 4 0 R 0 3 0 R 0 2 0 R 0 1 0 R 0 Bit 0 0 R 0 Figure 9-2. LVI Status Register (LVISR) LVIOUT -- LVI Output Bit This read-only flag becomes set when the VDD voltage falls below the VLVIF voltage or 32 to 40 CGMXCLK cycles. (See Table 9-1.) Reset clears the LVIOUT bit. Table 9-1. LVIOUT Bit Indication VDD At Level: VDD > VLVIR VDD < VLVIF VDD < VLVIF VDD < VLVIF VLVIF < VDD < VLVIR For Number of CGMXCLK Cycles: Any < 32 CGMXCLK Cycles Between 32 and 40 CGMXCLK Cycles > 40 CGMXCLK Cycles Any 0 0 0 or 1 1 Previous Value LVIOUT 9.5 LVI Interrupts The LVI module does not generate interrupt requests. 9.6 Low-Power Modes The STOP and WAIT instructions put the MCU in low-power standby modes. 9.6.1 Wait Mode With the LVIPWR bit in the MOR register programmed to logic 1, the LVI module is active after a WAIT instruction. With the LVIRST bit in the MOR register programmed to logic 1, the LVI module can generate a reset and bring the MCU out of wait mode. MC68HC08AS32 -- Rev. 4.1 Freescale Semiconductor Data Sheet 135 9.6.2 Stop Mode With the LVISTOP and LVIPWR bits in the configuration register programmed to a logic 1, the LVI module will be active after a STOP instruction. Because CPU clocks are disabled during stop mode, the LVI trip must bypass the digital filter to generate a reset and bring the MCU out of stop. With the LVIPWR bit in the MOR register programmed to logic 1 and the LVISTOP bit at a logic 0, the LVI module will be inactive after a STOP instruction. NOTE: If the LVIPWR bit is at logic 1, the LVISTOP bit must be at logic 0 to meet the minimum stop mode IDD specification. Data Sheet 136 MC68HC08AS32 -- Rev. 4.1 Freescale Semiconductor Data Sheet -- MC68HC08AS32 Section 10. Mask Options 10.1 Introduction This section describes use of mask options by custom-masked read-only memory (ROMs) and the mask option register in the MC68HC08AS32. 10.2 Functional Description The mask options are hard-wired connections, specified at the same time as the ROM code, which allow the user to customize the MCU. The options control the enable or disable ability of the following functions: * * * * * * * ROM security(1) Resets caused by the LVI module Power to the LVI module Stop mode recovery time (32 CGMXCLK cycles or 4096 CGMXCLK cycles) COP timeout period (218-24 CGMXCLK cycles or 213-24 CGMXCLK cycles) STOP instruction Computer operating properly module (COP) The mask option register ($001F) is used in the initialization of various options. For error free compatibility with the emulator OTP (M68HC908AT32CFN), a write to $001F in the MC68HC08AS32 has no effect in MCU operation. 10.3 Mask Option Register Address: Read: Write: Reset: R = Reserved $001F Bit 7 LVISTOP R 6 ROMSEC R 5 LVIRST R 4 LVIPWR R 3 SSREC R 2 COPRS R 1 STOP R Bit 0 COPD R Unaffected by reset Figure 10-1. Mask Option Register (MOR) 1. No security feature is absolutely secure. However, Freescale's strategy is to make reading or copying the ROM data difficult for unauthorized users. MC68HC08AS32 -- Rev. 4.1 Freescale Semiconductor Data Sheet 137 LVISTOP -- LVI Stop Mode Enable Bit LVISTOP enables the LVI module in stop mode.(See Section 9. Low-Voltage Inhibit (LVI).) 1 = LVI enabled during stop mode 0 = LVI disabled during stop mode ROMSEC -- ROM Security Bit ROMSEC enables the ROM security feature. Setting the ROMSEC bit prevents reading of the ROM contents. Access to the ROM is denied to unauthorized users of customer-specified software. 1 = ROM security enabled 0 = ROM security disabled LVIRST -- LVI Reset Enable Bit LVIRST enables the reset signal from the LVI module. (See Section 9. Low-Voltage Inhibit (LVI).) 1 = LVI module resets enabled 0 = LVI module resets disabled LVIPWR -- LVI Power Enable Bit LVIPWR enables the LVI module. (See Section 9. Low-Voltage Inhibit (LVI).) 1 = LVI module power enabled 0 = LVI module power disabled SSREC -- Short Stop Recovery Bit SSREC enables the CPU to exit stop mode with a delay of 32 CGMXCLK cycles instead of a 4096-CGMXCLK cycle delay. (See 15.5.2 Stop Mode.) 1 = Stop mode recovery after 32 CGMXCLK cycles 0 = Stop mode recovery after 4096 CGMXCLK cycles NOTE: If using an external crystal oscillator, do not set the SSREC bit. COPRS -- COP Rate Select Timeout Bit COPS selects the short COP timeout period. (See Section 6. Computer Operating Properly (COP).) 1 = COP timeout period is 213-24 CGMXCLK cycles. 0 = COP timeout period is 218-24 CGMXCLK cycles. STOP -- STOP Instruction Enable Bit STOP enables the STOP instruction. 1 = STOP instruction enabled 0 = STOP instruction treated as illegal opcode COPD -- COP Disable Bit COPD disables the COP module. (See Section 6. Computer Operating Properly (COP).) 1 = COP module disabled 0 = COP module enabled Data Sheet 138 MC68HC08AS32 -- Rev. 4.1 Freescale Semiconductor Data Sheet -- MC68HC08AS32 Section 11. Input/Output (I/O) Ports 11.1 Introduction Forty bidirectional input/output (I/O) pins form six parallel ports. All I/O pins are programmable as inputs or outputs. NOTE: Connect any unused I/O pins to an appropriate logic level, either VDD or VSS. Although the I/O ports do not require termination for proper operation, termination reduces excess current consumption and the possibility of electrostatic damage. Addr. $0000 Register Name Port A Data Register Read: (PTA) Write: See page 140. Reset: Port B Data Register Read: (PTB) Write: See page 142. Reset: Port C Data Register Read: (PTC) Write: See page 144. Reset: Port D Data Register Read: (PTD) Write: See page 146. Reset: Data Direction Register A Read: (DDRA) Write: See page 141. Reset: Data Direction Register B Read: (DDRB) Write: See page 143. Reset: Bit 7 PTA7 6 PTA6 5 PTA5 4 PTA4 3 PTA3 2 PTA2 1 PTA1 Bit 0 PTA0 Unaffected by reset PTB7 PTB6 PTB5 PTB4 PTB3 PTB2 PTB1 PTB0 $0001 Unaffected by reset 0 R 0 R 0 R 0 R PTC4 PTC3 PTC2 PTC1 PTC0 $0002 Unaffected by reset PTD6 PTD5 PTD4 PTD3 PTD2 PTD1 PTD0 $0003 Unaffected by reset DDRA7 0 DDRB7 0 DDRA6 0 DDRB6 0 0 R 0 = Reserved DDRA5 0 DDRB5 0 0 R 0 DDRA4 0 DDRB4 0 DDRC4 0 DDRA3 0 DDRB3 0 DDRC3 0 DDRA2 0 DDRB2 0 DDRC2 0 DDRA1 0 DDRB1 0 DDRC1 0 DDRA0 0 DDRB0 0 DDRC0 0 $0004 $0005 $0006 Data Direction Register C Read: MCLKEN (DDRC) Write: See page 145. Reset: 0 R Figure 11-1. I/O Port Register Summary MC68HC08AS32 -- Rev. 4.1 Freescale Semiconductor Data Sheet 139 Addr. $0007 Register Name Data Direction Register D Read: (DDRD) Write: See page 147. Reset: Port E Data Register Read: (PTE) Write: See page 149. Reset: Port F Data Register Read: (PTF) Write: See page 151. Reset: Data Direction Register E Read: (DDRE) Write: See page 150. Reset: Data Direction Register F Read: (DDRF) Write: See page 153. Reset: Bit 7 0 R 0 PTE7 6 DDRD6 0 PTE6 5 DDRD5 0 PTE5 4 DDRD4 0 PTE4 3 DDRD3 0 PTE3 2 DDR2 0 PTE2 1 DDRD1 0 PTE1 Bit 0 DDRD0 0 PTE0 $0008 Unaffected by reset 0 R 0 R 0 R 0 R PTF3 PTF2 PTF1 PTF0 $0009 Unaffected by reset DDRE7 0 0 R 0 R DDRE6 0 0 R 0 = Reserved DDRE5 0 0 R 0 DDRE4 0 0 R 0 DDRE3 0 DDRF3 0 DDRE2 0 DDRF2 0 DDRE1 0 DDRF1 0 DDRE0 0 DDRF0 0 $000C $000D Figure 11-1. I/O Port Register Summary (Continued) 11.2 Port A Port A is an 8-bit general-purpose bidirectional I/O port. 11.2.1 Port A Data Register The port A data register contains a data latch for each of the eight port A pins. Address: Read: Write: Reset: $0000 Bit 7 PTA7 6 PTA6 5 PTA5 4 PTA4 3 PTA3 2 PTA2 1 PTA1 Bit 0 PTA0 Unaffected by reset Figure 11-2. Port A Data Register (PTA) PTA[7:0] -- Port A Data Bits These read/write bits are software programmable. Data direction of each port A pin is under the control of the corresponding bit in data direction register A. Reset has no effect on port A data. Data Sheet 140 MC68HC08AS32 -- Rev. 4.1 Freescale Semiconductor 11.2.2 Data Direction Register A Data direction register A determines whether each port A pin is an input or an output. Writing a logic 1 to a DDRA bit enables the output buffer for the corresponding port A pin; a logic 0 disables the output buffer. Address: Read: Write: Reset: $0004 Bit 7 DDRA7 0 6 DDRA6 0 5 DDRA5 0 4 DDRA4 0 3 DDRA3 0 2 DDRA2 0 1 DDRA1 0 Bit 0 DDRA0 0 Figure 11-3. Data Direction Register A (DDRA) DDRA[7:0] -- Data Direction Register A Bits These read/write bits control port A data direction. Reset clears DDRA[7:0], configuring all port A pins as inputs. 1 = Corresponding port A pin configured as output 0 = Corresponding port A pin configured as input NOTE: Avoid glitches on port A pins by writing to the port A data register before changing data direction register A bits from 0 to 1. Figure 11-4 shows the port A I/O logic. READ DDRA ($0004) WRITE DDRA ($0004) INTERNAL DATA BUS RESET WRITE PTA ($0000) DDRAx PTAx PTAx READ PTA ($0000) Figure 11-4. Port A I/O Circuit When bit DDRAx is a logic 1, reading address $0000 reads the PTAx data latch. When bit DDRAx is a logic 0, reading address $0000 reads the voltage level on the pin. The data latch can always be written, regardless of the state of its data direction bit. Table 11-1 summarizes the operation of the port A pins. MC68HC08AS32 -- Rev. 4.1 Freescale Semiconductor Data Sheet 141 Table 11-1. Port A Pin Functions DDRA Bit 0 1 PTA Bit X X I/O Pin Mode Accesses to DDRA Read/Write Input, Hi-Z Output DDRA[7:0] DDRA[7:0] Accesses to PTA Read Pin PTA[7:0] Write PTA[7:0](1) PTA[7:0] X = Don't Care Hi-Z = High Impedance 1. Writing affects data register, but does not affect input. 11.3 Port B Port B is an 8-bit special-function port that shares all of its pins with the analog-to-digital converter (ADC). 11.3.1 Port B Data Register The port B data register contains a data latch for each of the eight port B pins. Address: Read: Write: Reset: Alternate Functions: ATD7 ATD6 ATD5 $0001 Bit 7 PTB7 6 PTB6 5 PTB5 4 PTB4 3 PTB3 2 PTB2 1 PTB1 Bit 0 PTB0 Unaffected by reset ATD4 ATD3 ATD2 ATD1 ATD0 Figure 11-5. Port B Data Register (PTB) PTB[7:0] -- Port B Data Bits These read/write bits are software programmable. Data direction of each port B pin is under the control of the corresponding bit in data direction register B. Reset has no effect on port B data. ATD[7:0] -- ADC Channels PTB7/ATD7-PTB0/ATD0 are eight of the 15 analog-to-digital converter channels. The ADC channel select bits, CH[4:0], determine whether the PTB7/ATD7-PTB0/ATD0 pins are ADC channels or general-purpose I/O pins. If an ADC channel is selected and a read of this corresponding bit in the port B data register occurs, the data will be 0 if the data direction for this bit is programmed as an input. Otherwise, the data will reflect the value in the data latch. (See Section 3. Analog-to-Digital Converter (ADC).) Data direction register B (DDRB) does not affect the data direction of port B pins that are being used by the ADC. However, the DDRB bits always determine whether reading port B returns to the states of the latches or logic 0. Data Sheet 142 MC68HC08AS32 -- Rev. 4.1 Freescale Semiconductor 11.3.2 Data Direction Register B Data direction register B determines whether each port B pin is an input or an output. Writing a logic 1 to a DDRB bit enables the output buffer for the corresponding port B pin; a logic 0 disables the output buffer. Address: Read: Write: Reset: $0005 Bit 7 DDRB7 0 6 DDRB6 0 5 DDRB5 0 4 DDRB4 0 3 DDRB3 0 2 DDRB2 0 1 DDRB1 0 Bit 0 DDRB0 0 Figure 11-6. Data Direction Register B (DDRB) DDRB[7:0] -- Data Direction Register B Bits These read/write bits control port B data direction. Reset clears DDRB[7:0], configuring all port B pins as inputs. 1 = Corresponding port B pin configured as output 0 = Corresponding port B pin configured as input NOTE: Avoid glitches on port B pins by writing to the port B data register before changing data direction register B bits from 0 to 1. Figure 11-7 shows the port B I/O logic. READ DDRB ($0005) WRITE DDRB ($0005) INTERNAL DATA BUS RESET WRITE PTB ($0001) DDRBx PTBx PTBx READ PTB ($0001) Figure 11-7. Port B I/O Circuit When bit DDRBx is a logic 1, reading address $0001 reads the PTBx data latch. When bit DDRBx is a logic 0, reading address $0001 reads the voltage level on the pin, or logic 0 if that particular bit is in use by the ADC. The data latch can always be written, regardless of the state of its data direction bit. Table 11-2 summarizes the operation of the port B pins. MC68HC08AS32 -- Rev. 4.1 Freescale Semiconductor Data Sheet 143 Table 11-2. Port B Pin Functions DDRB Bit 0 1 0 1 PTB Bit X X X X Bit in Use by ADC No No Yes Yes I/O Pin Mode Input, Hi-Z Output Input, Hi-Z Input, Hi-Z Accesses to DDRB Read/Write DDRB[7:0] DDRB[7:0] DDRB[7:0] DDRB[7:0] Accesses to PTB Read Pin PTB[7:0] 0 PTB[7:0] Write PTB[7:0](1) PTB[7:0] PTB[7:0](1) PTB[7:0] X = Don't Care Hi-Z = High Impedance 1. Writing affects data register, but does not affect input. 11.4 Port C Port C is a 5-bit general-purpose bidirectional I/O port that shares one of its pins with the bus clock (MCLK). 11.4.1 Port C Data Register The port C data register contains a data latch for each of the five port C pins. Address: Read: Write: Reset: R Alternate Functions: = Reserved MCLK $0002 Bit 7 0 R 6 0 R 5 0 R 4 PTC4 3 PTC3 2 PTC2 1 PTC1 Bit 0 PTC0 Unaffected by reset Figure 11-8. Port C Data Register (PTC) PTC[4:0] -- Port C Data Bits These read/write bits are software-programmable. Data direction of each port C pin is under the control of the corresponding bit in data direction register C. Reset has no effect on port C data. MCLK -- T12 System Bus Clock Bit The bus clock (MCLK) is driven out of PTC2 when enabled by the MCLKEN bit in PTCDDR7. Data Sheet 144 MC68HC08AS32 -- Rev. 4.1 Freescale Semiconductor 11.4.2 Data Direction Register C Data direction register C determines whether each port C pin is an input or an output. Writing a logic 1 to a DDRC bit enables the output buffer for the corresponding port C pin; a logic 0 disables the output buffer. Address: Read: Write: Reset: $0006 Bit 7 MCLKEN 0 R 6 0 R 0 = Reserved 5 0 R 0 4 DDRC4 0 3 DDRC3 0 2 DDRC2 0 1 DDRC1 0 Bit 0 DDRC0 0 Figure 11-9. Data Direction Register C (DDRC) MCLKEN -- MCLK Enable Bit This read/write bit enables MCLK to be an output signal on PTC2. If MCLK is enabled, PTC2 is under the control of MCLKEN. Reset clears this bit. 1 = MCLK output enabled 0 = MCLK output disabled DDRC[4:0] -- Data Direction Register C Bits These read/write bits control port C data direction. Reset clears DDRC[7:0], configuring all port C pins as inputs. 1 = Corresponding port C pin configured as output 0 = Corresponding port C pin configured as input NOTE: Avoid glitches on port C pins by writing to the port C data register before changing data direction register C bits from 0 to 1. Figure 11-10 shows the port C I/O logic. READ DDRC ($0006) WRITE DDRC ($0006) INTERNAL DATA BUS RESET WRITE PTC ($0002) DDRCx PTCx PTCx READ PTC ($0002) Figure 11-10. Port C I/O Circuit MC68HC08AS32 -- Rev. 4.1 Freescale Semiconductor Data Sheet 145 When bit DDRCx is a logic 1, reading address $0002 reads the PTCx data latch. When bit DDRCx is a logic 0, reading address $0002 reads the voltage level on the pin. The data latch can always be written, regardless of the state of its data direction bit. Table 11-3 summarizes the operation of the port C pins. Table 11-3. Port C Pin Functions DDRC Bit [7] = 0 [7] = 1 0 1 PTC Bit PTC2 PTC2 X X I/O Pin Mode Input, Hi-Z Output, MCLK Input, Hi-Z Output Accesses to DDRC Read/Write DDRC[7] DDRC[7] DDRC[4:0] DDRC[4:0] Accesses to PTC Read 0 Data Latch Pin PTC[4:0] Write PTC2 -- PTC[4:3, 1:0](1) PTC[4:3, 1:0] X = Don't Care Hi-Z = High Impedance 1. Writing affects data register, but does not affect input. 11.5 Port D Port D is an 8-bit special-function I/O port that shares all of its pins with the analog-to-digital converter (ADC). 11.5.1 Port D Data Register The port D data register contains a data latch for the seven port D pins. Address: Read: Write: Reset: Alternate Functions: R ATD14/ TCLK = Reserved ATD13 $0003 Bit 7 0 R 6 PTD6 5 PTD5 4 PTD4 3 PTD3 2 PTD2 1 PTD1 Bit 0 PTD0 Unaffected by reset ATD12 ATD11 ATD10 ATD9 ATD8 R Figure 11-11. Port D Data Register (PTD) PTD[6:0] -- Port D Data Bits PTD[6:0] are read/write, software programmable bits. Data direction of PTD[6:0] pins are under the control of the corresponding bit in data direction register D. Data Sheet 146 MC68HC08AS32 -- Rev. 4.1 Freescale Semiconductor ATD[14:8] -- ADC Channel Status Bits PTD6/ATD14/TCLK-PTD0/ATD8 are seven of the 15 analog-to-digital converter channels. The ADC channel select bits, CH[4:0], determine whether the PTD6/ATD14/TCLK-PTD0/ATD8 pins are ADC channels or general-purpose I/O pins. If an ADC channel is selected and a read of this corresponding bit in the port B data register occurs, the data will be 0 if the data direction for this bit is programmed as an input. Otherwise, the data will reflect the value in the data latch. (See Section 3. Analog-to-Digital Converter (ADC).) NOTE: Data direction register D (DDRD) does not affect the data direction of port D pins that are being used by the ADC. However, the DDRD bits always determine whether reading port D returns the states of the latches or logic 0. TCLK -- Timer Clock Input Bit The PTD6/ATD14/TCLK pin is the external clock input for the TIM. The prescaler select bits, PS[2:0], select PTD6/ATD14/TCLK as the TIM clock input. (See 15.8.1 TIM Status and Control Register.) When not selected as the TIM clock, PTD6/ATD14/TCLK is available for general-purpose I/O or as an ADC channel. NOTE: Do not use ADC channel ATD14 when using the PTD6/ATD14/TCLK pin as the clock input for the TIM. 11.5.2 Data Direction Register D Data direction register D determines whether each port D pin is an input or an output. Writing a logic 1 to a DDRD bit enables the output buffer for the corresponding port D pin; a logic 0 disables the output buffer. Address: Read: Write: Reset: $0007 Bit 7 0 0 0 6 DDRD6 0 5 DDRD5 0 4 DDRD4 0 3 DDRD3 0 2 DDRD2 0 1 DDRD1 0 Bit 0 DDRD0 0 Figure 11-12. Data Direction Register D (DDRD) DDRD[6:0] -- Data Direction Register D Bits These read/write bits control port D data direction. Reset clears DDRD[6:0], configuring all port D pins as inputs. 1 = Corresponding port D pin configured as output 0 = Corresponding port D pin configured as input NOTE: Avoid glitches on port D pins by writing to the port D data register before changing data direction register D bits from 0 to 1. Figure 11-13 shows the port D I/O logic. MC68HC08AS32 -- Rev. 4.1 Freescale Semiconductor Data Sheet 147 READ DDRD ($0007) WRITE DDRD ($0007) INTERNAL DATA BUS RESET WRITE PTD ($0003) DDRDx PTDx PTDx READ PTD ($0003) Figure 11-13. Port D I/O Circuit When bit DDRDx is a logic 1, reading address $0003 reads the PTDx data latch. When bit DDRDx is a logic 0, reading address $0003 reads the voltage level on the pin. The data latch can always be written, regardless of the state of its data direction bit. Table 11-4 summarizes the operation of the port D pins. Table 11-4. Port D Pin Functions DDRD Bit 0 1 0 1 PTD Bit X X X X Bit in Use by ADC No No Yes Yes I/O Pin Mode Input, Hi-Z Output Input, Hi-Z Input, Hi-Z Accesses to DDRD Read/Write DDRD[6:0] DDRD[6:0] DDRD[6:0] DDRD[6:0] Accesses to PTD Read Pin PTD[6:0] 0 PTD[6:0] Write PTD[6:0](1) PTD[6:0] PTD[6:0](1) PTD[6:0] X = Don't Care Hi-Z = High Impedance 1. Writing affects data register, but does not affect input. Data Sheet 148 MC68HC08AS32 -- Rev. 4.1 Freescale Semiconductor 11.6 Port E Port E is an 8-bit special-function port that shares two of its pins with the timer interface module (TIM), two of its pins with the serial communications interface module (SCI), and four of its pins with the serial peripheral interface module (SPI). 11.6.1 Port E Data Register The port E data register contains a data latch for each of the eight port E pins. Address: Read: Write: Reset: Alternate Function: SPSCK MOSI MISO $0008 Bit 7 PTE7 6 PTE6 5 PTE5 4 PTE4 3 PTE3 2 PTE2 1 PTE1 Bit 0 PTE0 Unaffected by reset SS TCH1 TCH0 RxD TxD Figure 11-14. Port E Data Register (PTE) PTE[7:0] -- Port E Data Bits PTE[7:0] are read/write, software programmable bits. Data direction of each port E pin is under the control of the corresponding bit in data direction register E. SPSCK -- SPI Serial Clock Bit The PTE7/SPSCK pin is the serial clock input of an SPI slave module and serial clock output of an SPI master module. When the SPE bit is clear, the PTE7/SPSCK pin is available for general-purpose I/O. MOSI -- Master Out/Slave In Bit The PTE6/MOSI pin is the master out/slave in terminal of the SPI module. When the SPE bit is clear, the PTE6/MOSI pin is available for general-purpose I/O. (See 14.13.1 SPI Control Register.) MISO -- Master In/Slave Out Bit The PTE5/MISO pin is the master in/slave out terminal of the SPI module. When the SPI enable bit, SPE, is clear, the SPI module is disabled, and the PTE5/MISO pin is available for general-purpose I/O. (See 14.13.1 SPI Control Register.) SS -- Slave Select Bit The PTE4/SS pin is the slave select input of the SPI module. When the SPE bit is clear or when the SPI master bit, SPMSTR, is set and MODFEN bit is low, the PTE4/SS pin is available for general-purpose I/O. (See 14.12.4 SS (Slave Select).) When the SPI is enabled as a slave, the DDRE4 bit in data direction register E (DDRE) has no effect on the PTE4/SS pin. NOTE: Data direction register E (DDRE) does not affect the data direction of port E pins that are being used by the SPI module. However, the DDRE bits always determine Data Sheet 149 MC68HC08AS32 -- Rev. 4.1 Freescale Semiconductor whether reading port E returns the states of the latches or the states of the pins. (See Table 11-5.) TCH[1:0] -- Timer Channel I/O Bits The PTE3/TCH1-PTE2/TCH0 pins are the TIM input capture/output compare pins. The edge/level select bits, ELSxB:ELSxA, determine whether the PTE3/TCH1-PTE2/TCH0 pins are timer channel I/O pins or general-purpose I/O pins. (See 15.8.4 TIM Channel Status and Control Registers.) NOTE: Data direction register E (DDRE) does not affect the data direction of port E pins that are being used by the TIM. However, the DDRE bits always determine whether reading port E returns the states of the latches or the states of the pins. (See Table 11-5.) RxD -- SCI Receive Data Input Bit The PTE1/RxD pin is the receive data input for the SCI module. When the enable SCI bit, ENSCI, is clear, the SCI module is disabled, and the PTE1/RxD pin is available for general-purpose I/O. (See 12.8.1 SCI Control Register 1.) TxD -- SCI Transmit Data Output The PTE0/TxD pin is the transmit data output for the SCI module. When the enable SCI bit, ENSCI, is clear, the SCI module is disabled, and the PTE0/TxD pin is available for general-purpose I/O. (See 12.8.1 SCI Control Register 1.) NOTE: Data direction register E (DDRE) does not affect the data direction of port E pins that are being used by the SCI module. However, the DDRE bits always determine whether reading port E returns the states of the latches or the states of the pins. (See Table 11-5.) 11.6.2 Data Direction Register E Data direction register E determines whether each port E pin is an input or an output. Writing a logic 1 to a DDRE bit enables the output buffer for the corresponding port E pin; a logic 0 disables the output buffer. Address: Read: Write: Reset: $000C Bit 7 DDRE7 0 6 DDRE6 0 5 DDRE5 0 4 DDRE4 0 3 DDRE3 0 2 DDRE2 0 1 DDRE1 0 Bit 0 DDRE0 0 Figure 11-15. Data Direction Register E (DDRE) DDRE[7:0] -- Data Direction Register E Bits These read/write bits control port E data direction. Reset clears DDRE[7:0], configuring all port E pins as inputs. 1 = Corresponding port E pin configured as output 0 = Corresponding port E pin configured as input Data Sheet 150 MC68HC08AS32 -- Rev. 4.1 Freescale Semiconductor NOTE: Avoid glitches on port E pins by writing to the port E data register before changing data direction register E bits from 0 to 1. Figure 11-16 shows the port E I/O logic. READ DDRE ($000C) WRITE DDRE ($000C) INTERNAL DATA BUS RESET WRITE PTE ($0008) DDREx PTEx PTEx READ PTE ($0008) Figure 11-16. Port E I/O Circuit When bit DDREx is a logic 1, reading address $0008 reads the PTEx data latch. When bit DDREx is a logic 0, reading address $0008 reads the voltage level on the pin. The data latch can always be written, regardless of the state of its data direction bit. Table 11-5 summarizes the operation of the port E pins. Table 11-5. Port E Pin Functions DDRE Bit 0 1 PTE Bit X X I/O Pin Mode Input, Hi-Z Output Accesses to DDRE Read/Write DDRE[7:0] DDRE[7:0] Accesses to PTE Read Pin PTE[7:0] Write PTE[7:0](1) PTE[7:0] X = Don't Care Hi-Z = High Impedance 1. Writing affects data register, but does not affect input. MC68HC08AS32 -- Rev. 4.1 Freescale Semiconductor Data Sheet 151 11.7 Port F Port F is a 4-bit special-function port that shares four of its pins with the timer interface module (TIM). 11.7.1 Port F Data Register The port F data register contains a data latch for each of the four port F pins. Address: Read: Write: Reset: Alternate Function: R = Reserved $0009 Bit 7 0 R 6 0 R 5 0 R 4 0 R 3 PTF3 2 PTF2 1 PTF1 Bit 0 PTF0 Unaffected by reset TCH5 TCH4 TCH3 TCH2 Figure 11-17. Port F Data Register (PTF) PTF[3:0] -- Port F Data Bits These read/write bits are software programmable. Data direction of each port F pin is under the control of the corresponding bit in data direction register F. Reset has no effect on PTF[3:0]. TCH[5:2] -- Timer Channel I/O Bits The PTF3/TCH5-PTF0/TCH2 pins are the TIM input capture/output compare pins. The edge/level select bits, ELSxB-ELSxA, determine whether the PTF3/TCH5-PTF0/TCH2 pins are timer channel I/O pins or general-purpose I/O pins. (See 15.8.4 TIM Channel Status and Control Registers.) NOTE: Data direction register F (DDRF) does not affect the data direction of port F pins that are being used by the TIM. However, the DDRF bits always determine whether reading port F returns the states of the latches or the states of the pins. (See Table 11-6.) Data Sheet 152 MC68HC08AS32 -- Rev. 4.1 Freescale Semiconductor 11.7.2 Data Direction Register F Data direction register F determines whether each port F pin is an input or an output. Writing a logic 1 to a DDRF bit enables the output buffer for the corresponding port F pin; a logic 0 disables the output buffer. Address: Read: Write: Reset: $000D Bit 7 0 R 0 R 6 0 R 0 = Reserved 5 0 R 0 4 0 R 0 3 DDRF3 0 2 DDRF2 0 1 DDRF1 0 Bit 0 DDRF0 0 Figure 11-18. Data Direction Register F (DDRF) DDRF[3:0] -- Data Direction Register F Bits These read/write bits control port F data direction. Reset clears DDRF[3:0], configuring all port F pins as inputs. 1 = Corresponding port F pin configured as output 0 = Corresponding port F pin configured as input NOTE: Avoid glitches on port F pins by writing to the port F data register before changing data direction register F bits from 0 to 1. Figure 11-19 shows the port F I/O logic. READ DDRF ($000D) WRITE DDRF ($000D) INTERNAL DATA BUS RESET WRITE PTF ($0009) DDRFx PTFx PTFx READ PTF ($0009) Figure 11-19. Port F I/O Circuit When bit DDRFx is a logic 1, reading address $0009 reads the PTFx data latch. When bit DDRFx is a logic 0, reading address $0009 reads the voltage level on the pin. The data latch can always be written, regardless of the state of its data direction bit. Table 11-6 summarizes the operation of the port F pins. MC68HC08AS32 -- Rev. 4.1 Freescale Semiconductor Data Sheet 153 Table 11-6. Port F Pin Functions DDRF Bit 0 1 PTF Bit X X I/O Pin Mode Input, Hi-Z Output Accesses to DDRF Read/Write DDRF[3:0] DDRF[3:0] Accesses to PTF Read Pin PTF[3:0] Write PTF[3:0](1) PTF[3:0] X = Don't Care Hi-Z = High Impedance 1. Writing affects data register, but does not affect input. Data Sheet 154 MC68HC08AS32 -- Rev. 4.1 Freescale Semiconductor Data Sheet -- MC68HC08AS32 Section 12. Serial Communications Interface (SCI) 12.1 Introduction This section describes the serial communications interface module (SCI, Version D), which allows high-speed asynchronous communications with peripheral devices and other MCUs. 12.2 Features Features of the SCI module include: * * * * * * * * Full duplex operation Standard mark/space non-return-to-zero (NRZ) format 32 programmable baud rates Programmable 8-bit or 9-bit character length Separately enabled transmitter and receiver Separate receiver and transmitter CPU interrupt requests Programmable transmitter output polarity Two receiver wakeup methods: - Idle line wakeup - Address mark wakeup Interrupt-driven operation with eight interrupt flags: - Transmitter empty - Transmission complete - Receiver full - Idle receiver input - Receiver overrun - Noise error - Framing error - Parity error Receiver framing error detection Hardware parity checking 1/16 bit-time noise detection * * * * MC68HC08AS32 -- Rev. 4.1 Freescale Semiconductor Data Sheet 155 PTA M68HC08 CPU CPU REGISTERS ARITHMETIC/LOGIC UNIT VREFH ANALOG-TO-DIGITAL CONVERTER MODULE DDRA DDRB PTB DDRC USER ROM -- 32,256 BYTES LOW-VOLTAGE INHIBIT MODULE USER EEPROM -- 512 BYTES PTC DDRD USER RAM -- 1024 BYTES MONITOR ROM -- 224 BYTES USER ROM VECTOR SPACE -- 36 BYTES OSC1 OSC2 CGMXFC COMPUTER OPERATING PROPERLY MODULE PTD CLOCK GENERATOR MODULE SERIAL COMMUNICATIONS INTERFACE MODULE DDRE SERIAL PERIPHERAL INTERFACE MODULE DDRF PTF SYSTEM INTEGRATION MODULE IRQ MODULE POWER-ON RESET MODULE BDRxD BDTxD PTE 156 Freescale Semiconductor Data Sheet RST IRQ INTERNAL BUS PTA7-PTA0 PTB7/ATD7-PTB0/ATD0 CONTROL AND STATUS REGISTERS -- 69 BYTES BREAK MODULE PTC4-PTC3 PTC2/MCLK PTC1-PTC0 PTD6/ATD14/TCLK PTD5/ATD13-PTD0/ATD8 TIMER INTERFACE MODULE PTE7/SPSCK PTE6/MOSI PTE5/MISO PTE4/SS PTE3/TCH1 PTE2/TCH0 PTE1/RxD PTE0/TxD PTF3/TCH5 PTF2/TCH4 PTF1/TCH3 PTF0/TCH2 BYTE DATA LINK CONTROLLER DIGITAL MODULE MC68HC08AS32 -- Rev. 4.1 VDDA/VDDAREF VSSA/VREFL VSS VDD POWER Figure 12-1. Block Diagram Highlighting SCI Block and Pins Addr. Register Name SCI Control Register 1 (SCC1) See page 170. SCI Control Register 2 (SCC2) See page 172. SCI Control Register 3 (SCC3) See page 174. SCI Status Register 1 (SCS1) See page 175. SCI Status Register 2 (SCS2) See page 178. SCI Data Register (SCDR) See page 179. SCI Baud Rate Register (SCBR) See page 179. Read: Write: Reset: Read: Write: Reset: Read: Write: Reset: Read: Write: Reset: Read: Write: Reset: Read: Write: Reset: Read: Write: Reset: Bit 7 LOOPS 0 SCTIE 0 R8 R U SCTE R 1 0 R 0 R7 T7 6 ENSCI 0 TCIE 0 T8 U TC R 1 0 R 0 R6 T6 5 TXINV 0 SCRIE 0 R 0 SCRF R 0 0 R 0 R5 T5 4 M 0 ILIE 0 R 0 IDLE R 0 0 R 0 R4 T4 3 WAKE 0 TE 0 ORIE 0 OR R 0 0 R 0 R3 T3 2 ILTY 0 RE 0 NEIE 0 NF R 0 0 R 0 R2 T2 1 PEN 0 RWU 0 FEIE 0 FE R 0 BKF R 0 R1 T1 Bit 0 PTY 0 SBK 0 PEIE 0 PE R 0 RPF R 0 R0 T0 $0013 $0014 $0015 $0016 $0017 $0018 Unaffected by reset 0 R 0 R 0 R 0 = Reserved SCP1 0 SCP0 0 U = Unaffected R 0 SCR2 0 SCR1 0 SCR0 0 $0019 Figure 12-2. SCI I/O Register Summary 12.3 Functional Description Figure 12-3 shows the structure of the SCI module. The SCI allows full-duplex, asynchronous, NRZ serial communication between the MCU and remote devices, including other MCUs. The transmitter and receiver of the SCI operate independently, although they use the same baud rate generator. During normal operation, the CPU monitors the status of the SCI, writes the data to be transmitted, and processes received data. MC68HC08AS32 -- Rev. 4.1 Freescale Semiconductor Data Sheet 157 INTERNAL BUS TRANSMITTER INTERRUPT CONTROL SCI DATA REGISTER RECEIVE SHIFT REGISTER SCI DATA REGISTER RECEIVER INTERRUPT CONTROL ERROR INTERRUPT CONTROL TRANSMIT SHIFT REGISTER TXINV PTE1/RxD PTE0/TxD SCTIE TCIE SCRIE ILIE TE RE RWU SBK SCTE TC SCRF IDLE OR NF FE PE LOOPS LOOPS WAKEUP CONTROL RECEIVE CONTROL BKF RPF BAUD RATE GENERATOR FLAG CONTROL M WAKE ILTY CGMXCLK /4 PRESCALER PEN PTY DATA SELECTION CONTROL ENSCI R8 T8 ORIE NEIE FEIE PEIE TRANSMIT CONTROL ENSCI / 16 Figure 12-3. SCI Module Block Diagram Data Sheet 158 MC68HC08AS32 -- Rev. 4.1 Freescale Semiconductor 12.3.1 Data Format The SCI uses the standard non-return-to-zero mark/space data format illustrated in Figure 12-4. 8-BIT DATA FORMAT (BIT M IN SCC1 CLEAR) START BIT BIT 0 BIT 1 BIT 2 BIT 3 BIT 4 BIT 5 BIT 6 POSSIBLE PARITY BIT BIT 7 STOP BIT POSSIBLE PARITY BIT BIT 6 BIT 7 BIT 8 STOP BIT NEXT START BIT 9-BIT DATA FORMAT (BIT M IN SCC1 SET) START BIT BIT 0 BIT 1 BIT 2 BIT 3 BIT 4 BIT 5 NEXT START BIT Figure 12-4. SCI Data Formats 12.3.2 Transmitter Figure 12-5 shows the structure of the SCI transmitter. 12.3.3 Character Length The transmitter can accommodate either 8-bit or 9-bit data. The state of the M bit in SCI control register 1 (SCC1) determines character length. When transmitting 9-bit data, bit T8 in SCI control register 3 (SCC3) is the ninth bit (bit 8). 12.3.4 Character Transmission During an SCI transmission, the transmit shift register shifts a character out to the PTE0/TxD pin. The SCI data register (SCDR) is the write-only buffer between the internal data bus and the transmit shift register. To initiate an SCI transmission: 1. Initialize the Tx and Rx rate in the SCI baud register (SCBR) ($0019) see 12.8.7 SCI Baud Rate Register. 2. Enable the SCI by writing a logic 1 to ENSCI in SCI control register 1 (SCC1) ($0013). 3. Enable the transmitter by writing a logic 1 to the transmitter enable bit (TE) in SCI control register 2 (SCC2) ($0014). 4. Clear the SCI transmitter empty bit (SCTE) by first reading SCI status register (SCS1) ($0016) and then writing to the SCDR ($0018). 5. Repeat step 3 for each subsequent transmission. At the start of a transmission, transmitter control logic automatically loads the transmit shift register with a preamble of 10 or 11 logic 1s. After the preamble shifts out, control logic transfers the SCDR data into the transmit shift register. A logic 0 start bit automatically goes into the least significant bit position of the transmit shift register. A logic 1 stop bit goes into the most significant bit position. MC68HC08AS32 -- Rev. 4.1 Freescale Semiconductor Data Sheet 159 The SCI transmitter empty bit, SCTE in the SCI status control register (SCS1), becomes set when the SCDR transfers a byte to the transmit shift register. The SCTE bit indicates that the SCDR can accept new data from the internal data bus. If the SCI transmit interrupt enable bit, SCTIE (SCC2), is also set, the SCTE bit generates a transmitter CPU interrupt request. When the transmit shift register is not transmitting a character, the PTE0/TxD pin goes to the idle condition, logic 1. If at any time software clears the ENSCI bit in SCI control register 1 (SCC1), the transmitter and receiver relinquish control of the port E pins. INTERNAL BUS /4 CGMXCLK PRESCALER BAUD DIVIDER / 16 SCI DATA REGISTER SCP1 SCP0 SCR1 SCR2 SCR0 TRANSMITTER CPU INTERRUPT REQUEST TXINV MSB STOP 11-BIT TRANSMIT SHIFT REGISTER 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 H START L PTE0/TxD M PEN PTY PARITY GENERATION LOAD FROM SCDR SHIFT ENABLE T8 TRANSMITTER CONTROL LOGIC SCTE SCTE SCTIE TC TCIE LOOPS SCTIE TC TCIE ENSCI TE PREAMBLE ALL ONES Figure 12-5. SCI Transmitter Data Sheet 160 BREAK ALL ZEROS SBK MC68HC08AS32 -- Rev. 4.1 Freescale Semiconductor 12.3.5 Break Characters Writing a logic 1 to the send break bit, SBK (SCC2), loads the transmit shift register with a break character. A break character contains all logic 0s and has no start, stop, or parity bit. Break character length depends on the M bit (SCC1). As long as SBK is at logic 1, transmitter logic continuously loads break characters into the transmit shift register. After software clears the SBK bit, the shift register finishes transmitting the last break character and then transmits at least one logic 1. The automatic logic 1 at the end of a break character guarantees the recognition of the start bit of the next character. The SCI recognizes a break character when a start bit is followed by eight or nine logic 0 data bits and a logic 0 where the stop bit should be. Receiving a break character has the following effects on SCI registers: * * * * * * Sets the framing error bit (FE) in SCS1 Sets the SCI receiver full bit (SCRF) in SCS1 Clears the SCI data register (SCDR) Clears the R8 bit in SCC3 Sets the break flag bit (BKF) in SCS2 May set the overrun (OR), noise flag (NF), parity error (PE), or reception in progress flag (RPF) bits 12.3.6 Idle Characters An idle character contains all logic 1s and has no start, stop, or parity bit. Idle character length depends on the M bit (mode character length) in SCC1. The preamble is a synchronizing idle character that begins every transmission. If the TE bit (transmitter enable) is cleared during a transmission, the PTE0/TxD pin becomes idle after completion of the transmission in progress. Clearing and then setting the TE bit during a transmission queues an idle character to be sent after the character currently being transmitted. NOTE: When a break sequence is followed immediately by an idle character, this SCI design exhibits a condition in which the break character length is reduced by one half bit time. In this instance, the break sequence will consist of a valid start bit, eight or nine data bits (as defined by the M bit in SCC1) of logic 0, and one half data bit length of logic 0 in the stop bit position followed immediately by the idle character. To ensure a break character of the proper length is transmitted, always queue up a byte of data to be transmitted while the final break sequence is in progress. When queueing an idle character, return the TE bit to logic 1 before the stop bit of the current character shifts out to the PTE0/TxD pin. Setting TE after the stop bit appears on PTE0/TxD causes loss of data previously written to the SCDR. MC68HC08AS32 -- Rev. 4.1 Freescale Semiconductor Data Sheet 161 A good time to toggle the TE bit is when the SCTE bit becomes set and just before writing the next byte to the SCDR. 12.3.7 Inversion of Transmitted Output The transmit inversion bit (TXINV) in SCI control register 1 (SCC1) reverses the polarity of transmitted data. All transmitted values, including idle, break, start, and stop bits, are inverted when TXINV is at logic 1. (See 12.8.1 SCI Control Register 1.) 12.3.8 Transmitter Interrupts The following conditions can generate CPU interrupt requests from the SCI transmitter: * SCI transmitter empty (SCTE) -- The SCTE bit in SCS1 indicates that the SCDR has transferred a character to the transmit shift register. SCTE can generate a transmitter CPU interrupt request. Setting the SCI transmit interrupt enable bit, SCTIE (SCC2), enables the SCTE bit to generate transmitter CPU interrupt requests. Transmission complete (TC) -- The TC bit in SCS1 indicates that the transmit shift register and the SCDR are empty and that no break or idle character has been generated. The transmission complete interrupt enable bit, TCIE (SCC2), enables the TC bit to generate transmitter CPU interrupt requests. * 12.3.9 Receiver Figure 12-6 shows the structure of the SCI receiver. 12.3.10 Character Length The receiver can accommodate either 8-bit or 9-bit data. The state of the M bit in SCI control register 1 (SCC1) determines character length. When receiving 9-bit data, bit R8 in SCI control register 2 (SCC2) is the ninth bit (bit 8). When receiving 8-bit data, bit R8 is a copy of the eighth bit (bit 7). 12.3.11 Character Reception During an SCI reception, the receive shift register shifts characters in from the PTE1/RxD pin. The SCI data register (SCDR) is the read-only buffer between the internal data bus and the receive shift register. After a complete character shifts into the receive shift register, the data portion of the character transfers to the SCDR. The SCI receiver full bit, SCRF, in SCI status register 1 (SCS1) becomes set, indicating that the received byte can be read. If the SCI receive interrupt enable bit, SCRIE (SCC2), is also set, the SCRF bit generates a receiver CPU interrupt request. Data Sheet 162 MC68HC08AS32 -- Rev. 4.1 Freescale Semiconductor INTERNAL BUS SCR1 SCP1 SCP0 /4 CGMXCLK PTE1/RxD BKF RPF ERROR CPU INTERRUPT REQUEST PRESCALER BAUD DIVIDER SCR2 SCR0 START 0 L RWU / 16 DATA RECOVERY ALL ZEROS ALL ONES SCI DATA REGISTER 11-BIT RECEIVE SHIFT REGISTER 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 CPU INTERRUPT REQUEST M WAKE ILTY PEN PTY WAKEUP LOGIC PARITY CHECKING IDLE ILIE SCRF SCRIE MSB STOP H SCRF IDLE R8 ILIE SCRIE OR ORIE NF NEIE FE FEIE PE PEIE OR ORIE NF NEIE FE FEIE PE PEIE Figure 12-6. SCI Receiver Block Diagram MC68HC08AS32 -- Rev. 4.1 Freescale Semiconductor Data Sheet 163 Addr. $0013 Register Name SCI Control Register 1 (SCC1) See page 170. SCI Control Register 2 (SCC2) See page 172. SCI Control Register 3 (SCC3) See page 174. SCI Status Register 1 (SCS1) See page 175. SCI Status Register 2 (SCS2) See page 178. SCI Data Register (SCDR) See page 179. SCI Baud Rate Register (SCBR) See page 179. Read: Write: Reset: Read: Write: Reset: Read: Write: Reset: Read: Write: Reset: Read: Write: Reset: Read: Write: Reset: Read: Write: Reset: Bit 7 LOOPS 0 SCTIE 0 R8 R U SCTE R 1 0 R 0 R7 T7 0 R 0 R 6 ENSCI 0 TCIE 0 T8 U TC R 1 0 R 0 R6 T6 0 R 0 = Reserved 5 TXINV 0 SCRIE 0 R 0 SCRF R 0 0 R 0 R5 T5 4 M 0 ILIE 0 R 0 IDLE R 0 0 R 0 R4 T4 3 WAKE 0 TE 0 ORIE 0 OR R 0 0 R 0 R3 T3 2 ILTY 0 RE 0 NEIE 0 NF R 0 0 R 0 R2 T2 1 PEN 0 RWU 0 FEIE 0 FE R 0 BKF R 0 R1 T1 Bit 0 PTY 0 SBK 0 PEIE 0 PE R 0 RPF R 0 R0 T0 $0014 $0015 $0016 $0017 $0018 Unaffected by reset SCP1 0 SCP0 0 R 0 SCR2 0 SCR1 0 SCR0 0 $0019 Table 12-1. SCI Receiver I/O Register Summary 12.3.12 Data Sampling The receiver samples the PTE1/RxD pin at the RT clock rate. The RT clock is an internal signal with a frequency 16 times the baud rate. To adjust for baud rate mismatch, the RT clock is resynchronized at the following times (see Figure 12-7): * * After every start bit After the receiver detects a data bit change from logic 1 to logic 0 (after the majority of data bit samples at RT8, RT9, and RT10 returns a valid logic 1 and the majority of the next RT8, RT9, and RT10 samples returns a valid logic 0) To locate the start bit, data recovery logic does an asynchronous search for a logic 0 preceded by three logic 1s. When the falling edge of a possible start bit occurs, the RT clock begins to count to 16. Data Sheet 164 MC68HC08AS32 -- Rev. 4.1 Freescale Semiconductor START BIT PTE1/RxD LSB SAMPLES START BIT QUALIFICATION START BIT VERIFICATION DATA SAMPLING RT CLOCK RT10 RT11 RT12 RT13 RT14 RT15 RT CLOCK STATE RT CLOCK RESET RT1 RT1 RT1 RT1 RT1 RT1 RT1 RT1 RT1 RT2 RT3 RT4 RT5 RT6 RT7 RT8 RT9 RT16 RT1 RT2 RT3 RT4 Figure 12-7. Receiver Data Sampling To verify the start bit and to detect noise, data recovery logic takes samples at RT3, RT5, and RT7. Table 12-2 summarizes the results of the start bit verification samples. Table 12-2. Start Bit Verification RT3, RT5, and RT7 Samples 000 001 010 011 100 101 110 111 Start Bit Verification Yes Yes Yes No Yes No No No Noise Flag 0 1 1 0 1 0 0 0 If start bit verification is not successful, the RT clock is reset and a new search for a start bit begins. MC68HC08AS32 -- Rev. 4.1 Freescale Semiconductor Data Sheet 165 To determine the value of a data bit and to detect noise, recovery logic takes samples at RT8, RT9, and RT10. Table 12-3 summarizes the results of the data bit samples. Table 12-3. Data Bit Recovery RT8, RT9, and RT10 Samples 000 001 010 011 100 101 110 111 Data Bit Determination 0 0 0 1 0 1 1 1 Noise Flag 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 NOTE: The RT8, RT9, and RT10 samples do not affect start bit verification. If any or all of the RT8, RT9, and RT10 start bit samples are logic 1s following a successful start bit verification, the noise flag (NF) is set and the receiver assumes that the bit is a start bit. To verify a stop bit and to detect noise, recovery logic takes samples at RT8, RT9, and RT10. Table 12-4 summarizes the results of the stop bit samples. Table 12-4. Stop Bit Recovery RT8, RT9, and RT10 Samples 000 001 010 011 100 101 110 111 Framing Error Flag 1 1 1 0 1 0 0 0 Noise Flag 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 Data Sheet 166 MC68HC08AS32 -- Rev. 4.1 Freescale Semiconductor 12.3.13 Framing Errors If the data recovery logic does not detect a logic 1 where the stop bit should be in an incoming character, it sets the framing error bit, FE, in SCS1. The FE flag is set at the same time that the SCRF bit (SCS1) is set. A break character that has no stop bit also sets the FE bit. 12.3.14 Receiver Wakeup So that the MCU can ignore transmissions intended only for other receivers in multiple-receiver systems, the receiver can be put into a standby state. Setting the receiver wakeup bit, RWU (SCC2), puts the receiver into a standby state during which receiver interrupts are disabled. Depending on the state of the WAKE bit in SCC1, either of two conditions on the PTE1/RxD pin can bring the receiver out of the standby state: * Address mark -- An address mark is a logic 1 in the most significant bit position of a received character. When the WAKE bit is set, an address mark wakes the receiver from the standby state by clearing the RWU bit. The address mark also sets the SCI receiver full bit, SCRF. Software can then compare the character containing the address mark to the user-defined address of the receiver. If they are the same, the receiver remains awake and processes the characters that follow. If they are not the same, software can set the RWU bit and put the receiver back into the standby state. Idle input line condition -- When the WAKE bit is clear, an idle character on the PTE1/RxD pin wakes the receiver from the standby state by clearing the RWU bit. The idle character that wakes the receiver does not set the receiver idle bit, IDLE, or the SCI receiver full bit, SCRF. The idle line type bit, ILTY, determines whether the receiver begins counting logic 1s as idle character bits after the start bit or after the stop bit. * NOTE: Clearing the WAKE bit after the PTE1/RxD pin has been idle may cause the receiver to wake up immediately. 12.4 Receiver Interrupts The following sources can generate CPU interrupt requests from the SCI receiver: * SCI receiver full (SCRF) -- The SCRF bit in SCS1 indicates that the receive shift register has transferred a character to the SCDR. SCRF can generate a receiver CPU interrupt request. Setting the SCI receive interrupt enable bit, SCRIE (SCC2), enables the SCRF bit to generate receiver CPU interrupts. Idle input (IDLE) -- The IDLE bit in SCS1 indicates that 10 or 11 consecutive logic 1s shifted in from the PTE1/RxD pin. The idle line interrupt enable bit, ILIE (SCC2), enables the IDLE bit to generate CPU interrupt requests. * MC68HC08AS32 -- Rev. 4.1 Freescale Semiconductor Data Sheet 167 12.4.1 Error Interrupts The following receiver error flags in SCS1 can generate CPU interrupt requests: * Receiver overrun (OR) -- The OR bit indicates that the receive shift register shifted in a new character before the previous character was read from the SCDR. The previous character remains in the SCDR, and the new character is lost. The overrun interrupt enable bit, ORIE (SCC3), enables OR to generate SCI error CPU interrupt requests. Noise flag (NF) -- The NF bit is set when the SCI detects noise on incoming data or break characters, including start, data, and stop bits. The noise error interrupt enable bit, NEIE (SCC3), enables NF to generate SCI error CPU interrupt requests. Framing error (FE) -- The FE bit in SCS1 is set when a logic 0 occurs where the receiver expects a stop bit. The framing error interrupt enable bit, FEIE (SCC3), enables FE to generate SCI error CPU interrupt requests. Parity error (PE) -- The PE bit in SCS1 is set when the SCI detects a parity error in incoming data. The parity error interrupt enable bit, PEIE (SCC3), enables PE to generate SCI error CPU interrupt requests. * * * 12.5 Low-Power Modes The WAIT and STOP instructions put the MCU in low-power standby modes. 12.5.1 Wait Mode The SCI module remains active after the execution of a WAIT instruction. In wait mode, the SCI module registers are not accessible by the CPU. Any enabled CPU interrupt request from the SCI module can bring the MCU out of wait mode. If SCI module functions are not required during wait mode, reduce power consumption by disabling the module before executing the WAIT instruction. 12.5.2 Stop Mode The SCI module is inactive after the execution of a STOP instruction. The STOP instruction does not affect SCI register states. SCI module operation resumes after an external interrupt. Because the internal clock is inactive during stop mode, entering stop mode during an SCI transmission or reception results in invalid data. 12.6 SCI During Break Module Interrupts The system integration module (SIM) controls whether status bits in other modules can be cleared during interrupts generated by the break module. The BCFE bit in the SIM break flag control register (SBFCR) enables software to clear status bits during the break state. Data Sheet 168 MC68HC08AS32 -- Rev. 4.1 Freescale Semiconductor To allow software to clear status bits during a break interrupt, write a logic 1 to the BCFE bit. If a status bit is cleared during the break state, it remains cleared when the MCU exits the break state. To protect status bits during the break state, write a logic 0 to the BCFE bit. With BCFE at logic 0 (its default state), software can read and write I/O registers during the break state without affecting status bits. Some status bits have a 2-step read/write clearing procedure. If software does the first step on such a bit before the break, the bit cannot change during the break state as long as BCFE is at logic 0. After the break, doing the second step clears the status bit. 12.7 I/O Signals Port E shares two of its pins with the SCI module. The two SCI I/O pins are: * * PTE0/TxD -- Transmit data PTE1/RxD -- Receive data 12.7.1 PTE0/TxD (Transmit Data) The PTE0/TxD pin is the serial data output from the SCI transmitter. The SCI shares the PTE0/TxD pin with port E. When the SCI is enabled, the PTE0/TxD pin is an output regardless of the state of the DDRE0 bit in data direction register E (DDRE). 12.7.2 PTE1/RxD (Receive Data) The PTE1/RxD pin is the serial data input to the SCI receiver. The SCI shares the PTE1/RxD pin with port E. When the SCI is enabled, the PTE1/RxD pin is an input regardless of the state of the DDRE1 bit in data direction register E (DDRE). 12.8 I/O Registers These I/O registers control and monitor SCI operation: * * * * * * * SCI control register 1 (SCC1) SCI control register 2 (SCC2) SCI control register 3 (SCC3) SCI status register 1 (SCS1) SCI status register 2 (SCS2) SCI data register (SCDR) SCI baud rate register (SCBR) MC68HC08AS32 -- Rev. 4.1 Freescale Semiconductor Data Sheet 169 12.8.1 SCI Control Register 1 SCI control register 1: * * * * * * * * Enables loop mode operation Enables the SCI Controls output polarity Controls character length Controls SCI wakeup method Controls idle character detection Enables parity function Controls parity type $0013 Bit 7 Read: Write: Reset: LOOPS 0 6 ENSCI 0 5 TXINV 0 4 M 0 3 WAKE 0 2 ILTY 0 1 PEN 0 Bit 0 PTY 0 Address: Figure 12-8. SCI Control Register 1 (SCC1) LOOPS -- Loop Mode Select Bit This read/write bit enables loop mode operation. In loop mode the PTE1/RxD pin is disconnected from the SCI, and the transmitter output goes into the receiver input. Both the transmitter and the receiver must be enabled to use loop mode. Reset clears the LOOPS bit. 1 = Loop mode enabled 0 = Normal operation enabled ENSCI -- Enable SCI Bit This read/write bit enables the SCI and the SCI baud rate generator. Clearing ENSCI sets the SCTE and TC bits in SCI status register 1 and disables transmitter interrupts. Reset clears the ENSCI bit. 1 = SCI enabled 0 = SCI disabled TXINV -- Transmit Inversion Bit This read/write bit reverses the polarity of transmitted data. Reset clears the TXINV bit. 1 = Transmitter output inverted 0 = Transmitter output not inverted NOTE: Setting the TXINV bit inverts all transmitted values, including idle, break, start, and stop bits. Data Sheet 170 MC68HC08AS32 -- Rev. 4.1 Freescale Semiconductor M -- Mode (Character Length) Bit This read/write bit determines whether SCI characters are eight or nine bits long. (See Table 12-5.) The ninth bit can serve as an extra stop bit, as a receiver wakeup signal, or as a parity bit. Reset clears the M bit. 1 = 9-bit SCI characters 0 = 8-bit SCI characters WAKE -- Wakeup Condition Bit This read/write bit determines which condition wakes up the SCI: a logic 1 (address mark) in the most significant bit position of a received character or an idle condition on the PTE1/RxD pin. Reset clears the WAKE bit. 1 = Address mark wakeup 0 = Idle line wakeup ILTY -- Idle Line Type Bit This read/write bit determines when the SCI starts counting logic 1s as idle character bits. The counting begins either after the start bit or after the stop bit. If the count begins after the start bit, then a string of logic 1s preceding the stop bit can cause false recognition of an idle character. Beginning the count after the stop bit avoids false idle character recognition, but requires properly synchronized transmissions. Reset clears the ILTY bit. 1 = Idle character bit count begins after stop bit 0 = Idle character bit count begins after start bit PEN -- Parity Enable Bit This read/write bit enables the SCI parity function. (See Table 12-5.) When enabled, the parity function inserts a parity bit in the most significant bit position. (See Figure 12-4.) Reset clears the PEN bit. 1 = Parity function enabled 0 = Parity function disabled PTY -- Parity Bit This read/write bit determines whether the SCI generates and checks for odd parity or even parity. (See Table 12-5.) Reset clears the PTY bit. 1 = Odd parity 0 = Even parity NOTE: Changing the PTY bit in the middle of a transmission or reception can generate a parity error. Table 12-5. Character Format Selection Control Bits M 0 1 0 0 1 1 PEN:PTY 0X 0X 10 11 10 11 Start Bits 1 1 1 1 1 1 Data Bits 8 9 7 7 8 8 Character Format Parity None None Even Odd Even Odd Stop Bits 1 1 1 1 1 1 Character Length 10 Bits 11 Bits 10 Bits 10 Bits 11 Bits 11 Bits MC68HC08AS32 -- Rev. 4.1 Freescale Semiconductor Data Sheet 171 12.8.2 SCI Control Register 2 SCI control register 2: * Enables the following CPU interrupt requests: - Enables the SCTE bit to generate transmitter CPU interrupt requests - Enables the TC bit to generate transmitter CPU interrupt requests - Enables the SCRF bit to generate receiver CPU interrupt requests - Enables the IDLE bit to generate receiver CPU interrupt requests Enables the transmitter Enables the receiver Enables SCI wakeup Transmits SCI break characters $0014 Bit 7 Read: Write: Reset: SCTIE 0 6 TCIE 0 5 SCRIE 0 4 ILIE 0 3 TE 0 2 RE 0 1 RWU 0 Bit 0 SBK 0 * * * * Address: Figure 12-9. SCI Control Register 2 (SCC2) SCTIE -- SCI Transmit Interrupt Enable Bit This read/write bit enables the SCTE bit to generate SCI transmitter CPU interrupt requests. Reset clears the SCTIE bit. 1 = SCTE enabled to generate CPU interrupt requests 0 = SCTE not enabled to generate CPU interrupt requests TCIE -- Transmission Complete Interrupt Enable Bit This read/write bit enables the TC bit to generate SCI transmitter CPU interrupt requests. Reset clears the TCIE bit. 1 = TC enabled to generate CPU interrupt requests 0 = TC not enabled to generate CPU interrupt requests SCRIE -- SCI Receive Interrupt Enable Bit This read/write bit enables the SCRF bit to generate SCI receiver CPU interrupt requests. Reset clears the SCRIE bit. 1 = SCRF enabled to generate CPU interrupt requests 0 = SCRF not enabled to generate CPU interrupt requests ILIE -- Idle Line Interrupt Enable Bit This read/write bit enables the IDLE bit to generate SCI receiver CPU interrupt requests. Reset clears the ILIE bit. 1 = IDLE enabled to generate CPU interrupt requests 0 = IDLE not enabled to generate CPU interrupt requests TE -- Transmitter Enable Bit Setting this read/write bit begins the transmission by sending a preamble of 10 or 11 logic 1s from the transmit shift register to the PTE0/TxD pin. If software Data Sheet 172 MC68HC08AS32 -- Rev. 4.1 Freescale Semiconductor clears the TE bit, the transmitter completes any transmission in progress before the PTE0/TxD returns to the idle condition (logic 1). Clearing and then setting TE during a transmission queues an idle character to be sent after the character currently being transmitted. Reset clears the TE bit. 1 = Transmitter enabled 0 = Transmitter disabled NOTE: Writing to the TE bit is not allowed when the enable SCI bit (ENSCI) is clear. ENSCI is in SCI control register 1. RE -- Receiver Enable Bit Setting this read/write bit enables the receiver. Clearing the RE bit disables the receiver but does not affect receiver interrupt flag bits. Reset clears the RE bit. 1 = Receiver enabled 0 = Receiver disabled NOTE: Writing to the RE bit is not allowed when the enable SCI bit (ENSCI) is clear. ENSCI is in SCI control register 1. RWU -- Receiver Wakeup Bit This read/write bit puts the receiver in a standby state during which receiver interrupts are disabled. The WAKE bit in SCC1 determines whether an idle input or an address mark brings the receiver out of the standby state and clears the RWU bit. Reset clears the RWU bit. 1 = Standby state 0 = Normal operation SBK -- Send Break Bit Setting and then clearing this read/write bit transmits a break character followed by a logic 1. The logic 1 after the break character guarantees recognition of a valid start bit. If SBK remains set, the transmitter continuously transmits break characters with no logic 1s between them. Reset clears the SBK bit. 1 = Transmit break characters 0 = No break characters transmitted NOTE: Do not toggle the SBK bit immediately after setting the SCTE bit because toggling SBK too early causes the SCI to send a break character instead of a preamble. 12.8.3 SCI Control Register 3 SCI control register 3: * * Stores the ninth SCI data bit received and the ninth SCI data bit to be transmitted Enables these interrupts: - Receiver overrun interrupts - Noise error interrupts - Framing error interrupts - Parity error interrupts Data Sheet 173 MC68HC08AS32 -- Rev. 4.1 Freescale Semiconductor Address: Read: Write: Reset: $0015 Bit 7 R8 R U R 6 T8 U = Reserved 5 R 0 4 R 0 U = Unaffected 3 ORIE 0 2 NEIE 0 1 FEIE 0 Bit 0 PEIE 0 Figure 12-10. SCI Control Register 3 (SCC3) R8 -- Received Bit 8 When the SCI is receiving 9-bit characters, R8 is the read-only ninth bit (bit 8) of the received character. R8 is received at the same time that the SCDR receives the other eight bits. When the SCI is receiving 8-bit characters, R8 is a copy of the eighth bit (bit 7). Reset has no effect on the R8 bit. T8 -- Transmitted Bit 8 When the SCI is transmitting 9-bit characters, T8 is the read/write ninth bit (bit 8) of the transmitted character. T8 is loaded into the transmit shift register at the same time that the SCDR is loaded into the transmit shift register. Reset has no effect on the T8 bit. ORIE -- Receiver Overrun Interrupt Enable Bit This read/write bit enables SCI error CPU interrupt requests generated by the receiver overrun bit, OR. 1 = SCI error CPU interrupt requests from OR bit enabled 0 = SCI error CPU interrupt requests from OR bit disabled NEIE -- Receiver Noise Error Interrupt Enable Bit This read/write bit enables SCI error CPU interrupt requests generated by the noise error bit, NE. Reset clears NEIE. 1 = SCI error CPU interrupt requests from NE bit enabled 0 = SCI error CPU interrupt requests from NE bit disabled FEIE -- Receiver Framing Error Interrupt Enable Bit This read/write bit enables SCI error CPU interrupt requests generated by the framing error bit, FE. Reset clears FEIE. 1 = SCI error CPU interrupt requests from FE bit enabled 0 = SCI error CPU interrupt requests from FE bit disabled PEIE -- Receiver Parity Error Interrupt Enable Bit This read/write bit enables SCI receiver CPU interrupt requests generated by the parity error bit, PE. (See Figure 12-11.) Reset clears PEIE. 1 = SCI error CPU interrupt requests from PE bit enabled 0 = SCI error CPU interrupt requests from PE bit disabled Data Sheet 174 MC68HC08AS32 -- Rev. 4.1 Freescale Semiconductor 12.8.4 SCI Status Register 1 SCI status register 1 contains flags to signal the following conditions: * Transfer of SCDR data to transmit shift register complete * Transmission complete * Transfer of receive shift register data to SCDR complete * Receiver input idle * Receiver overrun * Noisy data * Framing error * Parity error Address: Read: Write: Reset: $0016 Bit 7 SCTE R 1 R 6 TC R 1 = Reserved 5 SCRF R 0 4 IDLE R 0 3 OR R 0 2 NF R 0 1 FE R 0 Bit 0 PE R 0 Figure 12-11. SCI Status Register 1 (SCS1) SCTE -- SCI Transmitter Empty Bit This clearable, read-only bit is set when the SCDR transfers a character to the transmit shift register. SCTE can generate an SCI transmitter CPU interrupt request. When the SCTIE bit in SCC2 is set, SCTE generates an SCI transmitter CPU interrupt request. In normal operation, clear the SCTE bit by reading SCS1 with SCTE set and then writing to SCDR. Reset sets the SCTE bit. 1 = SCDR data transferred to transmit shift register 0 = SCDR data not transferred to transmit shift register NOTE: Setting the TE bit for the first time also sets the SCTE bit. Setting the TE and SCTIE bits generates an SCI transmitter CPU request. TC -- Transmission Complete Bit This read-only bit is set when the SCTE bit is set and no data, preamble, or break character is being transmitted. TC generates an SCI transmitter CPU interrupt request if the TCIE bit in SCC2 is also set. TC is cleared automatically when data, preamble, or break character is queued and ready to be sent. There may be up to 1.5 transmitter clocks of latency between queueing data, preamble, and break character and the transmission actually starting. Reset sets the TC bit. 1 = No transmission in progress 0 = Transmission in progress SCRF -- SCI Receiver Full Bit This clearable, read-only bit is set when the data in the receive shift register transfers to the SCI data register. SCRF can generate an SCI receiver CPU MC68HC08AS32 -- Rev. 4.1 Freescale Semiconductor Data Sheet 175 interrupt request. In normal operation, clear the SCRF bit by reading SCS1 with SCRF set and then reading the SCDR. Reset clears SCRF. 1 = Received data available in SCDR 0 = Data not available in SCDR IDLE -- Receiver Idle Bit This clearable, read-only bit is set when 10 or 11 consecutive logic 1s appear on the receiver input. IDLE generates an SCI error CPU interrupt request if the ILIE bit in SCC2 also is set and the DMARE bit in SCC3 is clear. Clear the IDLE bit by reading SCS1 with IDLE set and then reading the SCDR. After the receiver is enabled, it must receive a valid character that sets the SCRF bit before an idle condition can set the IDLE bit. Also, after the IDLE bit has been cleared, a valid character must again set the SCRF bit before an idle condition can set the IDLE bit. Reset clears the IDLE bit. 1 = Receiver input idle 0 = Receiver input active (or idle since the IDLE bit was cleared) OR -- Receiver Overrun Bit This clearable, read-only bit is set when software fails to read the SCDR before the receive shift register receives the next character. The OR bit generates an SCI error CPU interrupt request if the ORIE bit in SCC3 is also set. The data in the shift register is lost, but the data already in the SCDR is not affected. Clear the OR bit by reading SCS1 with OR set and then reading the SCDR. Reset clears the OR bit. 1 = Receive shift register full and SCRF = 1 0 = No receiver overrun Software latency may allow an overrun to occur between reads of SCS1 and SCDR in the flag-clearing sequence. Figure 12-12 shows the normal flag-clearing sequence and an example of an overrun caused by a delayed flag-clearing sequence. The delayed read of SCDR does not clear the OR bit because OR was not set when SCS1 was read. Byte 2 caused the overrun and is lost. The next flag-clearing sequence reads byte 3 in the SCDR instead of byte 2. In applications that are subject to software latency or in which it is important to know which byte is lost due to an overrun, the flag-clearing routine can check the OR bit in a second read of SCS1 after reading the data register. NF -- Receiver Noise Flag Bit This clearable, read-only bit is set when the SCI detects noise on the PTE1/RxD pin. NF generates an NF CPU interrupt request if the NEIE bit in SCC3 is also set. Clear the NF bit by reading SCS1 and then reading the SCDR. Reset clears the NF bit. 1 = Noise detected 0 = No noise detected Data Sheet 176 MC68HC08AS32 -- Rev. 4.1 Freescale Semiconductor FE -- Receiver Framing Error Bit This clearable, read-only bit is set when a logic 0 is accepted as the stop bit. FE generates an SCI error CPU interrupt request if the FEIE bit in SCC3 also is set. Clear the FE bit by reading SCS1 with FE set and then reading the SCDR. Reset clears the FE bit. 1 = Framing error detected 0 = No framing error detected PE -- Receiver Parity Error Bit This clearable, read-only bit is set when the SCI detects a parity error in incoming data. PE generates a PE CPU interrupt request if the PEIE bit in SCC3 is also set. Clear the PE bit by reading SCS1 with PE set and then reading the SCDR. Reset clears the PE bit. 1 = Parity error detected 0 = No parity error detected NORMAL FLAG CLEARING SEQUENCE SCRF = 1 SCRF = 0 SCRF = 1 SCRF = 0 SCRF = 1 SCRF = 0 BYTE 4 READ SCS1 SCRF = 1 OR = 0 READ SCDR BYTE 3 BYTE 4 READ SCS1 SCRF = 1 OR = 1 READ SCDR BYTE 3 SCRF = 0 OR = 0 BYTE 1 READ SCS1 SCRF = 1 OR = 0 READ SCDR BYTE 1 BYTE 2 READ SCS1 SCRF = 1 OR = 0 READ SCDR BYTE 2 BYTE 3 DELAYED FLAG CLEARING SEQUENCE SCRF = 1 OR = 1 SCRF = 0 OR = 1 SCRF = 1 SCRF = 1 OR = 1 BYTE 3 BYTE 1 BYTE 2 READ SCS1 SCRF = 1 OR = 0 READ SCDR BYTE 1 Figure 12-12. Flag Clearing Sequence MC68HC08AS32 -- Rev. 4.1 Freescale Semiconductor Data Sheet 177 12.8.5 SCI Status Register 2 SCI status register 2 contains flags to signal two conditions: 1. Break character detected 2. Incoming data Address: Read: Write: Reset: $0017 Bit 7 R 0 R 6 R 0 = Reserved 5 R 0 4 R 0 3 R 0 2 R 0 1 BKF R 0 Bit 0 RPF R 0 Figure 12-13. SCI Status Register 2 (SCS2) BKF -- Break Flag Bit This clearable, read-only bit is set when the SCI detects a break character on the PTE1/RxD pin. In SCS1, the FE and SCRF bits are also set. In 9-bit character transmissions, the R8 bit in SCC3 is cleared. BKF does not generate a CPU interrupt request. Clear BKF by reading SCS2 with BKF set and then reading the SCDR. Once cleared, BKF can become set again only after logic 1s again appear on the PTE1/RxD pin followed by another break character. Reset clears the BKF bit. 1 = Break character detected 0 = No break character detected RPF -- Reception in Progress Flag Bit This read-only bit is set when the receiver detects a logic 0 during the RT1 time period of the start bit search. RPF does not generate an interrupt request. RPF is reset after the receiver detects false start bits, usually from noise or a baud rate mismatch or when the receiver detects an idle character. Polling RPF before disabling the SCI module or entering stop mode can show whether a reception is in progress. 1 = Reception in progress 0 = No reception in progress Data Sheet 178 MC68HC08AS32 -- Rev. 4.1 Freescale Semiconductor 12.8.6 SCI Data Register The SCI data register is the buffer between the internal data bus and the receive and transmit shift registers. Reset has no effect on data in the SCI data register. Address: Read: Write: Reset: $0018 Bit 7 R7 T7 6 R6 T6 5 R5 T5 4 R4 T4 3 R3 T3 2 R2 T2 1 R1 T1 Bit 0 R0 T0 Unaffected by reset Figure 12-14. SCI Data Register (SCDR) R7/T7-R0/T0 -- Receive/Transmit Data Bits Reading address $0018 accesses the read-only received data bits, R7-R0. Writing to address $0018 writes the data to be transmitted, T7-T0. Reset has no effect on the SCI data register. 12.8.7 SCI Baud Rate Register The baud rate register selects the baud rate for both the receiver and the transmitter. Address: Read: Write: Reset: $0019 Bit 7 R 0 R 6 R 0 = Reserved 5 SCP1 0 4 SCP0 0 3 R 0 2 SCR2 0 1 SCR1 0 Bit 0 SCR0 0 Figure 12-15. SCI BAUD Rate Register (SCBR) SCP1 and SCP0 -- SCI Baud Rate Prescaler Bits These read/write bits select the baud rate prescaler divisor as shown in Table 12-6. Reset clears SCP1 and SCP0. Table 12-6. SCI Baud Rate Prescaling SCP1:SCP0 00 01 10 11 Prescaler Divisor (PD) 1 3 4 13 MC68HC08AS32 -- Rev. 4.1 Freescale Semiconductor Data Sheet 179 SCR2-SCR0 -- SCI Baud Rate Select Bits These read/write bits select the SCI baud rate divisor as shown in Table 12-7. Reset clears SCR2:SCR0. Table 12-7. SCI Baud Rate Selection SCR2:SCR1:SCR0 000 001 010 011 100 101 110 111 Baud Rate Divisor (BD) 1 2 4 8 16 32 64 128 Use the following formula to calculate the SCI baud rate: CGMXCLK Baud rate = ----------------------------------64 x PD x BD PD = Prescale divisor (see Table 12-6) BD = Baud rate divisor (see Table 12-7) Table 12-8 shows the SCI baud rates that can be generated with a 4.194-MHz crystal. Data Sheet 180 MC68HC08AS32 -- Rev. 4.1 Freescale Semiconductor Table 12-8. SCI Baud Rate Selection Examples SCP1:SCP0 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 01 01 01 01 01 01 01 01 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 Prescaler Divisor (PD) 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 SCR2:SCR1:SCR0 000 001 010 011 100 101 110 111 000 001 010 011 100 101 110 111 000 001 010 011 100 101 110 111 000 001 010 011 100 101 110 111 Baud Rate Divisor (BD) 1 2 4 8 16 32 64 128 1 2 4 8 16 32 64 128 1 2 4 8 16 32 64 128 1 2 4 8 16 32 64 128 Baud Rate (fXCLK = 4.194 MHz) 65,531 32,766 16,383 8191 4095 2048 1024 512 21,844 10,922 5461 2730 1365 683 341 171 16,383 8191 4096 2048 1024 512 256 128 5041 1664 1260 630 315 158 78.8 39.4 MC68HC08AS32 -- Rev. 4.1 Freescale Semiconductor Data Sheet 181 Data Sheet 182 MC68HC08AS32 -- Rev. 4.1 Freescale Semiconductor Data Sheet -- MC68HC08AS32 Section 13. System Integration Module (SIM) 13.1 Introduction This section describes the system integration module (SIM), which supports up to 24 external and/or internal interrupts. The SIM is a system state controller that coordinates CPU and exception timing. Together with the central processor unit (CPU), the SIM controls all MCU activities. A block diagram of the SIM is shown in Figure 13-2. Figure 13-3 is a summary of the SIM input/output (I/O) registers. The SIM is responsible for: * Bus clock generation and control for CPU and peripherals: - Stop/wait/reset/break entry and recovery - Internal clock control Master reset control, including power-on reset (POR) and computer operating properly (COP) timeout Interrupt control - Acknowledge timing - Arbitration control timing - Vector address generation CPU enable/disable timing Modular architecture expandable to 128 interrupt sources * * * * MC68HC08AS32 -- Rev. 4.1 Freescale Semiconductor Data Sheet 183 PTA M68HC08 CPU CPU REGISTERS ARITHMETIC/LOGIC UNIT VREFH ANALOG-TO-DIGITAL CONVERTER MODULE DDRA DDRB PTB DDRC USER ROM -- 32,256 BYTES LOW-VOLTAGE INHIBIT MODULE USER EEPROM -- 512 BYTES PTC DDRD USER RAM -- 1024 BYTES MONITOR ROM -- 224 BYTES USER ROM VECTOR SPACE -- 36 BYTES OSC1 OSC2 CGMXFC COMPUTER OPERATING PROPERLY MODULE PTD CLOCK GENERATOR MODULE SERIAL COMMUNICATIONS INTERFACE MODULE DDRE SERIAL PERIPHERAL INTERFACE MODULE DDRF PTF SYSTEM INTEGRATION MODULE IRQ MODULE POWER-ON RESET MODULE BDRxD BDTxD PTE 184 Freescale Semiconductor Data Sheet RST IRQ INTERNAL BUS PTA7-PTA0 PTB7/ATD7-PTB0/ATD0 CONTROL AND STATUS REGISTERS -- 69 BYTES BREAK MODULE PTC4-PTC3 PTC2/MCLK PTC1-PTC0 PTD6/ATD14/TCLK PTD5/ATD13-PTD0/ATD8 TIMER INTERFACE MODULE PTE7/SPSCK PTE6/MOSI PTE5/MISO PTE4/SS PTE3/TCH1 PTE2/TCH0 PTE1/RxD PTE0/TxD PTF3/TCH5 PTF2/TCH4 PTF1/TCH3 PTF0/TCH2 BYTE DATA LINK CONTROLLER DIGITAL MODULE MC68HC08AS32 -- Rev. 4.1 VDDA/VDDAREF VSSA/VREFL VSS VDD POWER Figure 13-1. Block Diagram Highlighting SIM Block and Pins MODULE STOP MODULE WAIT STOP/WAIT CONTROL CPU STOP FROM CPU CPU WAIT FROM CPU SIMOSCEN TO CGM SIM COUNTER COP CLOCK CGMXCLK FROM CGM CGMOUT FROM CGM /2 CLOCK CONTROL CLOCK GENERATORS INTERNAL CLOCKS RESET PIN LOGIC POR CONTROL RESET PIN CONTROL SIM RESET STATUS REGISTER LVI FROM LVI MODULE MASTER RESET CONTROL ILLEGAL OPCODE FROM CPU ILLEGAL ADDRESS FROM ADDRESS MAP DECODERS COP FROM COP MODULE RESET INTERRUPT CONTROL AND PRIORITY DECODE INTERRUPT SOURCES CPU INTERFACE Figure 13-2. SIM Block Diagram Addr. $FE00 Register Name SIM Break Status Register Read: (SBSR) Write: See page 198. Reset: SIM Reset Status Register Read: (SRSR) Write: See page 199. Reset: SIM Break Flag Control Register Read: (SBFCR) Write: See page 199. Reset: Bit 7 R 6 R 5 R 4 R 3 R 2 R 1 SBSW 0 POR R 1 POR R 1 R PIN R 0 PIN R 0 = Reserved COP R 0 COP R 0 ILOP R 0 ILOP R 0 ILAD R 0 ILAD R 0 0 R 0 0 R 0 LVI R 0 LVI R 0 0 R 0 0 R 0 Bit 0 R $FE01 $FE03 Figure 13-3. SIM I/O Register Summary MC68HC08AS32 -- Rev. 4.1 Freescale Semiconductor Data Sheet 185 Table 13-1 shows the internal signal names used in this section. Table 13-1. Signal Name Conventions Signal Name CGMXCLK CGMVCLK CGMOUT IAB IDB PORRST IRST R/W Description Buffered version of OSC1 from clock generator module (CGM) PLL output PLL-based or OSC1-based clock output from CGM module (Bus clock = CGMOUT divided by two) Internal address bus Internal data bus Signal from the power-on reset module to the SIM Internal reset signal Read/write signal 13.2 SIM Bus Clock Control and Generation The bus clock generator provides system clock signals for the CPU and peripherals on the MCU. The system clocks are generated from an incoming clock, CGMOUT, as shown in Figure 13-4. This clock can come from either an external oscillator or from the on-chip PLL. (See Section 5. Clock Generator Module (CGM).) 13.2.1 Bus Timing In user mode, the internal bus frequency is either the crystal oscillator output (CGMXCLK) divided by four or the PLL output (CGMVCLK) divided by four. (See Section 5. Clock Generator Module (CGM).) 13.2.2 Clock Startup from POR or LVI Reset When the power-on reset (POR) module or the low-voltage inhibit (LVI) module generates a reset, the clocks to the CPU and peripherals are inactive and held in an inactive phase until after 4096 CGMXCLK cycles. The RST pin is driven low by the SIM during this entire period. The bus clocks start upon completion of the timeout. Data Sheet 186 MC68HC08AS32 -- Rev. 4.1 Freescale Semiconductor OSC1 CGMVCLK CLOCK SELECT CIRCUIT CGMXCLK SIM COUNTER /2 A CGMOUT B S* *When S = 1, CGMOUT = B /2 BUS CLOCK GENERATORS PLL BCS PTC3 MONITOR MODE USER MODE SIM CGM Figure 13-4. CGM Clock Signals 13.2.3 Clocks in Stop Mode and Wait Mode Upon exit from stop mode by an interrupt, break, or reset, the SIM allows CGMXCLK to clock the SIM counter. The CPU and peripheral clocks do not become active until after the stop delay timeout. This timeout is selectable as 4096 or 32 CGMXCLK cycles. (See 13.6.2 Stop Mode.) In wait mode, the CPU clocks are inactive. However, some modules can be programmed to be active in wait mode. Refer to the wait mode subsection of each module to see if the module is active or inactive in wait mode. 13.3 Reset and System Initialization The MCU has these reset sources: * * * * * * Power-on reset module (POR) External reset pin (RST) Computer operating properly module (COP) Low-voltage inhibit module (LVI) Illegal opcode Illegal address Each of these resets produces the vector $FFFE-FFFF ($FEFE-FEFF in monitor mode) and asserts the internal reset signal (IRST). IRST causes all registers to be returned to their default values and all modules to be returned to their reset states. An internal reset clears the SIM counter (see 13.4 SIM Counter), but an external reset does not. Each of the resets sets a corresponding bit in the SIM reset status register (SRSR). (See 13.7 SIM Registers.) MC68HC08AS32 -- Rev. 4.1 Freescale Semiconductor Data Sheet 187 13.3.1 External Pin Reset Pulling the asynchronous RST pin low halts all processing. The PIN bit of the SIM reset status register (SRSR) is set as long as RST is held low for a minimum of 67 CGMXCLK cycles, assuming that neither the POR nor the LVI was the source of the reset. See Table 13-2 for details. Figure 13-5 shows the relative timing. Table 13-2. PIN Bit Set Timing Reset Type POR/LVI All others Number of Cycles Required to Set PIN 4163 (4096 + 64 + 3) 67 (64 + 3) CGMOUT RST IAB PC VECT H VECT L Figure 13-5. External Reset Timing 13.3.2 Active Resets from Internal Sources All internal reset sources actively pull the RST pin low for 32 CGMXCLK cycles to allow resetting of external peripherals. The internal reset signal IRST continues to be asserted for an additional 32 cycles (see Figure 13-6). An internal reset can be caused by an illegal address, illegal opcode, COP timeout, LVI, or POR (see Figure 13-7. NOTE: For LVI or POR resets, the SIM cycles through 4096 CGMXCLK cycles during which the SIM forces the RST pin low. The internal reset signal then follows the sequence from the falling edge of RST shown in Figure 13-6. IRST RST CGMXCLK RST PULLED LOW BY MCU 32 CYCLES 32 CYCLES IAB VECTOR HIGH Figure 13-6. Internal Reset Timing Data Sheet 188 MC68HC08AS32 -- Rev. 4.1 Freescale Semiconductor ILLEGAL ADDRESS RST ILLEGAL OPCODE RST COPRST LVI POR INTERNAL RESET Figure 13-7. Sources of Internal Reset The COP reset is asynchronous to the bus clock. The active reset feature allows the part to issue a reset to peripherals and other chips within a system built around the MCU. 13.3.2.1 Power-On Reset When power is first applied to the MCU, the power-on reset module (POR) generates a pulse to indicate that power-on has occurred. The external reset pin (RST) is held low while the SIM counter counts out 4096 CGMXCLK cycles. Another 64 CGMXCLK cycles later, the CPU and memories are released from reset to allow the reset vector sequence to occur. At power-on, these events occur: * * * * * * A POR pulse is generated. The internal reset signal is asserted. The SIM enables CGMOUT. Internal clocks to the CPU and modules are held inactive for 4096 CGMXCLK cycles to allow stabilization of the oscillator. The RST pin is driven low during the oscillator stabilization time. The POR bit of the SIM reset status register (SRSR) is set and all other bits in the register are cleared. See Figure 13-8. 13.3.2.2 Computer Operating Properly (COP) Reset The overflow of the COP counter causes an internal reset and sets the COP bit in the SIM reset status register (SRSR) if the COPD bit in the MOR register is at logic 0. (See Section 6. Computer Operating Properly (COP).) MC68HC08AS32 -- Rev. 4.1 Freescale Semiconductor Data Sheet 189 OSC1 PORRST 4096 CYCLES CGMXCLK CGMOUT RST IAB $FFFE $FFFF 32 CYCLES 32 CYCLES Figure 13-8. POR Recovery 13.3.2.3 Illegal Opcode Reset The SIM decodes signals from the CPU to detect illegal instructions. An illegal instruction sets the ILOP bit in the SIM reset status register (SRSR) and causes a reset. NOTE: A $9E opcode (pre-byte for SP instructions) followed by an $8E opcode (stop instruction) generates a stop mode recovery reset. If the stop enable bit, STOP, in the MOR register is logic 0, the SIM treats the STOP instruction as an illegal opcode and causes an illegal opcode reset. 13.3.2.4 Illegal Address Reset An opcode fetch from an unmapped address generates an illegal address reset. The SIM verifies that the CPU is fetching an opcode prior to asserting the ILAD bit in the SIM reset status register (SRSR) and resetting the MCU. A data fetch from an unmapped address does not generate a reset. 13.3.2.5 Low-Voltage Inhibit (LVI) Reset The low-voltage inhibit (LVI) module asserts its output to the SIM when the VDD voltage falls to the VLVIF voltage. The LVI bit in the SIM reset status register (SRSR) is set and a chip reset is asserted if the LVIPWR and LVIRST bits in the CONFIG register are at logic 1. The RST pin will be held low until the SIM counts 4096 CGMXCLK cycles after VDD rises above VLVIR. Another 64 CGMXCLK cycles later, the CPU is released from reset to allow the reset vector sequence to occur. (See Section 9. Low-Voltage Inhibit (LVI).) Data Sheet 190 MC68HC08AS32 -- Rev. 4.1 Freescale Semiconductor 13.4 SIM Counter The SIM counter is used by the power-on reset module (POR) and in stop mode recovery to allow the oscillator time to stabilize before enabling the internal bus (IBUS) clocks. The SIM counter also serves as a prescaler for the computer operating properly (COP) module. The SIM counter overflow supplies the clock for the COP module. The SIM counter is 12 bits long and is clocked by the falling edge of CGMXCLK. 13.4.1 SIM Counter During Power-On Reset The power-on reset module (POR) detects power applied to the MCU. At power-on, the POR circuit asserts the signal PORRST. Once the SIM is initialized, it enables the clock generation module (CGM) to drive the bus clock state machine. 13.4.2 SIM Counter During Stop Mode Recovery The SIM counter also is used for stop mode recovery. The STOP instruction clears the SIM counter. After an interrupt, break, or reset, the SIM senses the state of the short stop recovery bit, SSREC, in the MOR register. If the SSREC bit is a logic 1, then the stop recovery is reduced from the normal delay of 4096 CGMXCLK cycles down to 32 CGMXCLK cycles. This is ideal for applications using canned oscillators that do not require long startup times from stop mode. External crystal applications should use the full stop recovery time with SSREC cleared. 13.4.3 SIM Counter and Reset States External reset has no effect on the SIM counter. (See 13.6.2 Stop Mode for details.) The SIM counter is free-running after all reset states. (See 13.3.2 Active Resets from Internal Sources for counter control and internal reset recovery sequences.) 13.5 Program Exception Control Normal, sequential program execution can be changed in three different ways: * Interrupts: - Maskable hardware CPU interrupts - Non-maskable software interrupt instruction (SWI) Reset Break interrupts * * MC68HC08AS32 -- Rev. 4.1 Freescale Semiconductor Data Sheet 191 13.5.1 Interrupts At the beginning of an interrupt, the CPU saves the CPU register contents on the stack and sets the interrupt mask (I bit) to prevent additional interrupts. At the end of an interrupt, the RTI instruction recovers the CPU register contents from the stack so that normal processing can resume. Figure 13-9 shows interrupt entry timing. Figure 13-10 shows interrupt recovery timing. Interrupts are latched, and arbitration is performed in the SIM at the start of interrupt processing. The arbitration result is a constant that the CPU uses to determine which vector to fetch. Once an interrupt is latched by the SIM, no other interrupt can take precedence, regardless of priority, until the latched interrupt is serviced or the I bit is cleared. (See Figure 13-11.) MODULE INTERRUPT I BIT IAB IDB R/W DUMMY DUMMY SP SP - 1 PC - 1[7:0] SP - 2 X SP - 3 A SP - 4 CCR VECT H VECT L START ADDR OPCODE PC-1[15:8] V DATA H V DATA L Figure 13-9. Hardware Interrupt Entry MODULE INTERRUPT I BIT IAB IDB R/W SP - 4 CCR SP - 3 A SP - 2 X SP - 1 SP PC-1[7:0] PC PC + 1 OPCODE OPERAND PC - 1 [15:8] Figure 13-10. Hardware Interrupt Recovery Data Sheet 192 MC68HC08AS32 -- Rev. 4.1 Freescale Semiconductor FROM RESET BREAK INTERRUPT? I BIT SET? NO YES YES I BIT SET? NO IRQ0 INTERRUPT? NO YES YES IRQ1 INTERRUPT? NO AS MANY INTERRUPTS AS EXIST ON CHIP STACK CPU REGISTERS SET I BIT LOAD PC WITH INTERRUPT VECTOR FETCH NEXT INSTRUCTION SWI INSTRUCTION? NO RTI INSTRUCTION? NO YES YES UNSTACK CPU REGISTERS EXECUTE INSTRUCTION Figure 13-11. Interrupt Processing MC68HC08AS32 -- Rev. 4.1 Freescale Semiconductor Data Sheet 193 13.5.1.1 Hardware Interrupts A hardware interrupt does not stop the current instruction. Processing of a hardware interrupt begins after completion of the current instruction. When the current instruction is complete, the SIM checks all pending hardware interrupts. If interrupts are not masked (I bit clear in the condition code register) and if the corresponding interrupt enable bit is set, the SIM proceeds with interrupt processing; otherwise, the next instruction is fetched and executed. If more than one interrupt is pending at the end of an instruction execution, the highest priority interrupt is serviced first. Figure 13-12 demonstrates what happens when two interrupts are pending. If an interrupt is pending upon exit from the original interrupt service routine, the pending interrupt is serviced before the LDA instruction is executed. The LDA opcode is prefetched by both the INT1 and INT2 RTI instructions. However, in the case of the INT1 RTI prefetch, this is a redundant operation. NOTE: To maintain compatibility with the M68HC05, M6805, and M146805 Families, the H register is not pushed on the stack during interrupt entry. If the interrupt service routine modifies the H register or uses the indexed addressing mode, software should save the H register and then restore it prior to exiting the routine. CLI LDA #$FF BACKGROUND ROUTINE INT1 PSHH INT1 INTERRUPT SERVICE ROUTINE PULH RTI INT2 PSHH INT2 INTERRUPT SERVICE ROUTINE PULH RTI Figure 13-12. Interrupt Recognition Example 13.5.1.2 SWI Instruction The SWI instruction is a non-maskable instruction that causes an interrupt regardless of the state of the interrupt mask (I bit) in the condition code register. NOTE: A software interrupt pushes PC onto the stack. A software interrupt does not push PC - 1, as a hardware interrupt does. MC68HC08AS32 -- Rev. 4.1 Freescale Semiconductor Data Sheet 194 13.5.2 Reset All reset sources always have higher priority than interrupts and cannot be arbitrated. 13.5.3 Break Interrupts The break module can stop normal program flow at a software-programmable break point by asserting its break interrupt output. (See Section 16. Development Support.) The SIM puts the CPU into the break state by forcing it to the SWI vector location. Refer to the break interrupt subsection of each module to see how the break state affects each module. 13.5.4 Status Flag Protection in Break Mode The SIM controls whether status flags contained in other modules can be cleared during break mode. The user can select to protect flags from being cleared by properly initializing the break clear flag enable bit (BCFE) in the SIM break flag control register (SBFCR). (See 13.7.3 SIM Break Flag Control Register.) Protecting flags in break mode ensures that set flags will not be cleared while in break mode. This protection allows registers to be freely read and written during break mode without losing status flag information. Setting the BCFE bit enables the clearing mechanisms. Once cleared in break mode, a flag remains cleared even when break mode is exited. Status flags with a 2-step clearing mechanism -- for example, a read of one register followed by the read or write of another -- are protected, even when the first step is accomplished prior to entering break mode. Upon leaving break mode, execution of the second step will clear the flag as usual. 13.6 Low-Power Modes Executing the WAIT or STOP instruction puts the MCU in a low-power mode for standby situations. The SIM holds the CPU in a non-clocked state. The operation of each of these modes is described below. Both STOP and WAIT clear the interrupt mask (I) in the condition code register, allowing interrupts to occur. 13.6.1 Wait Mode In wait mode, the CPU clocks are inactive while one set of peripheral clocks continues to run. Figure 13-13 shows the timing for wait mode entry. A module that is active during wait mode can wake up the CPU with an interrupt if the interrupt is enabled. Stacking for the interrupt begins one cycle after the WAIT instruction during which the interrupt occurred. Refer to the wait mode subsection of each module to see if the module is active or inactive in wait mode. Some modules can be programmed to be active in wait mode. MC68HC08AS32 -- Rev. 4.1 Freescale Semiconductor Data Sheet 195 Wait mode also can be exited by a reset or break. A break interrupt during wait mode sets the SIM break stop/wait bit, SBSW, in the SIM break status register (SBSR). If the COP disable bit, COPD, in the mask option register (MOR $001F) is logic 0, then the computer operating properly module (COP) is enabled and remains active in wait mode. IAB IDB R/W NOTE: Previous data can be operand data or the WAIT opcode, depending on the last instruction. WAIT ADDR WAIT ADDR + 1 NEXT OPCODE SAME SAME SAME SAME PREVIOUS DATA Figure 13-13. Wait Mode Entry Timing Figure 13-14 and Figure 13-15 show the timing for wait recovery. IAB IDB $A6 $6E0B $A6 $A6 $6E0C $01 $00FF $0B $00FE $6E $00FD $00FC EXITSTOPWAIT NOTE: EXITSTOPWAIT = RST pin or CPU interrupt or break interrupt Figure 13-14. Wait Recovery from Interrupt or Break 32 CYCLES IAB IDB RST CGMXCLK $A6 $6E0B $A6 $A6 32 CYCLES RSTVCTH RST VCTL Figure 13-15. Wait Recovery from Internal Reset Data Sheet 196 MC68HC08AS32 -- Rev. 4.1 Freescale Semiconductor 13.6.2 Stop Mode In stop mode, the SIM counter is reset and the system clocks are disabled. An interrupt request from a module can cause an exit from stop mode. Stacking for interrupts begins after the selected stop recovery time has elapsed. Reset or break also causes an exit from stop mode. The SIM disables the clock generator module outputs (CGMOUT and CGMXCLK) in stop mode, stopping the CPU and peripherals. Stop recovery time is selectable using the short stop recovery (SSREC) bit in the MOR register ($001F). If SSREC is set, stop recovery is reduced from the normal delay of 4096 CGMXCLK cycles down to 32. This is ideal for applications using canned oscillators that do not require long startup times from stop mode. NOTE: External crystal applications should use the full stop recovery time by clearing the SSREC bit. A break interrupt during stop mode sets the SIM break stop/wait bit (SBSW) in the SIM break status register (SBSR). The SIM counter is held in reset from the execution of the STOP instruction until the beginning of stop recovery. It is then used to time the recovery period. Figure 13-16 shows stop mode entry timing and Figure 13-17 shows the recovery from interrupt or break timing. CPUSTOP IAB IDB R/W NOTE: Previous data can be operand data or the STOP opcode, depending on the last instruction. STOP ADDR STOP ADDR + 1 NEXT OPCODE SAME SAME SAME SAME PREVIOUS DATA Figure 13-16. Stop Mode Entry Timing STOP RECOVERY PERIOD CGMXCLK INT/BREAK IAB STOP +1 STOP + 2 STOP + 2 SP SP - 1 SP - 2 SP - 3 Figure 13-17. Stop Mode Recovery from Interrupt or Break MC68HC08AS32 -- Rev. 4.1 Freescale Semiconductor Data Sheet 197 13.7 SIM Registers The SIM has three memory mapped registers. 13.7.1 SIM Break Status Register The SIM break status register contains a flag to indicate that a break caused an exit from stop mode or wait mode. Address: Read: Write: Reset: R = Reserved $FE00 Bit 7 R 6 R 5 R 4 R 3 R 2 R 1 SBSW 0 Bit 0 R Figure 13-18. SIM Break Status Register (SBSR) SBSW -- SIM Break Stop/Wait Bit This status bit is useful in applications requiring a return to wait mode or stop mode after exiting from a break interrupt. Clear SBSW by writing a logic 0 to it. Reset clears SBSW. 1 = Stop mode or wait mode exited by break interrupt 0 = Stop mode or wait mode not exited by break interrupt SBSW can be read within the break state SWI routine. The user can modify the return address on the stack by subtracting one from it. The following code is an example of this. Writing 0 to the SBSW bit clears it. ; This code works if the H register has been pushed onto the stack in the break service ; routine software. This code should be executed at the end of the break service ; routine software. HIBYTE EQU 5 LOBYTE EQU 6 ; If not SBSW, do RTI BRCLR SBSW,SBSR, RETURN ; See if wait mode or stop mode was exited by ; break. TST LOBYTE,SP ;If RETURNLO is not zero, BNE DOLO ;then just decrement low byte. DEC HIBYTE,SP ;Else deal with high byte, too. DOLO DEC LOBYTE,SP ;Point to WAIT/STOP opcode. RETURN PULH ;Restore H register. RTI Data Sheet 198 MC68HC08AS32 -- Rev. 4.1 Freescale Semiconductor 13.7.2 SIM Reset Status Register This register contains six flags that show the source of the last reset. The status register will clear automatically after reading it. A power-on reset sets the POR bit and clears all other bits in the register. Address: Read: Write: Reset: $FE01 Bit 7 POR R 1 R 6 PIN R 0 5 COP R 0 = Reserved 4 ILOP R 0 3 ILAD R 0 2 0 R 0 1 LVI R 0 Bit 0 0 R 0 Figure 13-19. SIM Reset Status Register (SRSR) POR -- Power-On Reset Bit 1 = Last reset caused by POR circuit 0 = Read of SRSR PIN -- External Reset Bit 1 = Last reset caused by external reset pin (RST) 0 = POR or read of SRSR COP -- Computer Operating Properly Reset Bit 1 = Last reset caused by COP counter 0 = POR or read of SRSR ILOP -- Illegal Opcode Reset Bit 1 = Last reset caused by an illegal opcode 0 = POR or read of SRSR ILAD -- Illegal Address Reset Bit (opcode fetches only) 1 = Last reset caused by an opcode fetch from an illegal address 0 = POR or read of SRSR LVI -- Low-Voltage Inhibit Reset Bit 1 = Last reset was caused by the LVI circuit 0 = POR or read of SRSR MC68HC08AS32 -- Rev. 4.1 Freescale Semiconductor Data Sheet 199 13.7.3 SIM Break Flag Control Register The SIM break control register contains a bit that enables software to clear status bits while the MCU is in a break state. Address: Read: Write: Reset: $FE03 Bit 7 BCFE 0 R = Reserved 6 R 5 R 4 R 3 R 2 R 1 R Bit 0 R Figure 13-20. SIM Break Flag Control Register (SBFCR) BCFE -- Break Clear Flag Enable Bit In some module registers, this read/write bit will enable software to clear status bits by accessing status registers only while the MCU is in a break state. To clear status bits during the break state, the BCFE bit must be set.This operation is important for modules with status bits which can be cleared only by being read. See the register descriptions in each module for additional details. 1 = Status bits clearable during break 0 = Status bits not clearable during break Data Sheet 200 MC68HC08AS32 -- Rev. 4.1 Freescale Semiconductor Data Sheet -- MC68HC08AS32 Section 14. Serial Peripheral Interface (SPI) 14.1 Introduction This section describes the serial peripheral interface (SPI) module, which allows full-duplex, synchronous, serial communications with peripheral devices. 14.2 Features Features of the SPI module include: * * * * * * * Full-duplex operation Master mode and slave mode Double-buffered operation with separate transmit and receive registers Four master mode frequencies (maximum = bus frequency / 2) Maximum slave mode frequency = bus frequency Serial clock with programmable polarity and phase Two separately enabled interrupts with CPU service: - SPRF (SPI receiver full) - SPTE (SPI transmitter empty) Mode fault error flag with cpu interrupt capability Overflow error flag with CPU interrupt capability Programmable wired-OR mode I2C (inter-integrated circuit) compatibility * * * * MC68HC08AS32 -- Rev. 4.1 Freescale Semiconductor Data Sheet 201 PTA M68HC08 CPU CPU REGISTERS ARITHMETIC/LOGIC UNIT VREFH ANALOG-TO-DIGITAL CONVERTER MODULE DDRA DDRB PTB DDRC USER ROM -- 32,256 BYTES LOW-VOLTAGE INHIBIT MODULE USER EEPROM -- 512 BYTES PTC DDRD USER RAM -- 1024 BYTES MONITOR ROM -- 224 BYTES USER ROM VECTOR SPACE -- 36 BYTES OSC1 OSC2 CGMXFC COMPUTER OPERATING PROPERLY MODULE PTD CLOCK GENERATOR MODULE SERIAL COMMUNICATIONS INTERFACE MODULE DDRE SERIAL PERIPHERAL INTERFACE MODULE DDRF PTF SYSTEM INTEGRATION MODULE IRQ MODULE POWER-ON RESET MODULE BDRxD BDTxD PTE 202 Freescale Semiconductor Data Sheet RST IRQ INTERNAL BUS PTA7-PTA0 PTB7/ATD7-PTB0/ATD0 CONTROL AND STATUS REGISTERS -- 69 BYTES BREAK MODULE PTC4-PTC3 PTC2/MCLK PTC1-PTC0 PTD6/ATD14/TCLK PTD5/ATD13-PTD0/ATD8 TIMER INTERFACE MODULE PTE7/SPSCK PTE6/MOSI PTE5/MISO PTE4/SS PTE3/TCH1 PTE2/TCH0 PTE1/RxD PTE0/TxD PTF3/TCH5 PTF2/TCH4 PTF1/TCH3 PTF0/TCH2 BYTE DATA LINK CONTROLLER DIGITAL MODULE MC68HC08AS32 -- Rev. 4.1 VDDA/VDDAREF VSSA/VREFL VSS VDD POWER Figure 14-1. Block Diagram Highlighting SPI Block and Pins 14.3 Pin Name and Register Name Conventions The generic names of the SPI input/output (I/O) pins are: * * * * SS (slave select) SPSCK (SPI serial clock) MOSI (master out/slave in) MISO (master in/slave out) The SPI shares four I/O pins with a parallel I/O port. The full name of an SPI pin reflects the name of the shared port pin. Table 14-1 shows the full names of the SPI I/O pins. The generic pin names appear in the text that follows. Table 14-1. Pin Name Conventions SPI Generic Pin Name: Full SPI Pin Name: MISO PTE5/MISO MOSI PTE6/MOSI SS PTE4/SS SPSCK PTE7/SPSCK The generic names of the SPI I/O registers are: * * * SPI control register (SPCR) SPI status and control register (SPSCR) SPI data register (SPDR) Table 14-2 shows the names and the addresses of the SPI I/O registers. Table 14-2. I/O Register Addresses Register Name SPI control register SPI status and control register SPI data register Address $0010 $0011 $0012 MC68HC08AS32 -- Rev. 4.1 Freescale Semiconductor Data Sheet 203 14.4 Functional Description Figure 14-3 summarizes the SPI I/O registers and Figure 14-2 shows the structure of the SPI module. The SPI module allows full-duplex, synchronous, serial communication between the MCU and peripheral devices, including other MCUs. Software can poll the SPI status flags or SPI operation can be interrupt-driven. All SPI interrupts can be serviced by the CPU. The following paragraphs describe the operation of the SPI module. INTERNAL BUS TRANSMIT DATA REGISTER SHIFT REGISTER 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 MISO BUS CLOCK /2 CLOCK DIVIDER /8 / 32 / 128 CLOCK SELECT RECEIVE DATA REGISTER PIN CONTROL LOGIC MOSI SPMSTR SPE SPSCK CLOCK LOGIC M S SS SPR1 SPR0 SPMSTR CPHA CPOL TRANSMITTER CPU INTERRUPT REQUEST SPI CONTROL RECEIVER/ERROR CPU INTERRUPT REQUEST MODFEN ERRIE SPTIE SPRIE SPE SPRF SPTE OVRF MODF SPWOM Figure 14-2. SPI Module Block Diagram Data Sheet 204 MC68HC08AS32 -- Rev. 4.1 Freescale Semiconductor Addr. $0010 Register Name SPI Control Register Read: (SPCR) Write: See page 221. Reset: SPI Status and Control Register Read: (SPSCR) Write: See page 223. Reset: SPI Data Register Read: (SPDR) Write: See page 225. Reset: Bit 7 SPRIE 0 SPRF R 0 R7 T7 R 6 R 0 ERRIE 0 R6 T6 = Reserved 5 SPMSTR 1 OVRF R 0 R5 T5 4 CPOL 0 MODF R 0 R4 T4 3 CPHA 1 SPTE R 1 R3 T3 2 SPWOM 0 MODFEN 0 R2 T2 1 SPE 0 SPR1 0 R1 T1 Bit 0 SPTIE 0 SPR0 0 R0 T0 $0011 $0012 Unaffected by reset Figure 14-3. SPI I/O Register Summary 14.4.1 Master Mode The SPI operates in master mode when the SPI master bit, SPMSTR (SPCR $0010), is set. NOTE: Configure the SPI modules as master and slave before enabling them. Enable the master SPI before enabling the slave SPI. Disable the slave SPI before disabling the master SPI. (See 14.13.1 SPI Control Register.) Only a master SPI module can initiate transmissions. Software begins the transmission from a master SPI module by writing to the SPI data register. If the shift register is empty, the byte immediately transfers to the shift register, setting the SPI transmitter empty bit, SPTE (SPSCR $0011). The byte begins shifting out on the MOSI pin under the control of the serial clock. (See Figure 14-4.) MASTER MCU MISO MOSI MISO MOSI SLAVE MCU SHIFT REGISTER SHIFT REGISTER SPSCK BAUD RATE GENERATOR SS SPSCK SS VDD Figure 14-4. Full-Duplex Master-Slave Connections MC68HC08AS32 -- Rev. 4.1 Freescale Semiconductor Data Sheet 205 The SPR1 and SPR0 bits control the baud rate generator and determine the speed of the shift register. (See 14.13.2 SPI Status and Control Register.) Through the SPSCK pin, the baud rate generator of the master also controls the shift register of the slave peripheral. As the byte shifts out on the MOSI pin of the master, another byte shifts in from the slave on the master's MISO pin. The transmission ends when the receiver full bit, SPRF (SPSCR), becomes set. At the same time that SPRF becomes set, the byte from the slave transfers to the receive data register. In normal operation, SPRF signals the end of a transmission. Software clears SPRF by reading the SPI status and control register and then reading the SPI data register. Writing to the SPI data register clears the SPTE bit. 14.4.2 Slave Mode The SPI operates in slave mode when the SPMSTR bit (SPCR $0010) is clear. In slave mode the SPSCK pin is the input for the serial clock from the master MCU. Before a data transmission occurs, the SS pin of the slave MCU must be at logic 0. SS must remain low until the transmission is complete. (See 14.6.2 Mode Fault Error.) In a slave SPI module, data enters the shift register under the control of the serial clock from the master SPI module. After a byte enters the shift register of a slave SPI, it is transferred to the receive data register, and the SPRF bit (SPSCR) is set. To prevent an overflow condition, slave software then must read the SPI data register before another byte enters the shift register. The maximum frequency of the SPSCK for an SPI configured as a slave is the bus clock speed, which is twice as fast as the fastest master SPSCK clock that can be generated. The frequency of the SPSCK for an SPI configured as a slave does not have to correspond to any SPI baud rate. The baud rate only controls the speed of the SPSCK generated by an SPI configured as a master. Therefore, the frequency of the SPSCK for an SPI configured as a slave can be any frequency less than or equal to the bus speed. When the master SPI starts a transmission, the data in the slave shift register begins shifting out on the MISO pin. The slave can load its shift register with a new byte for the next transmission by writing to its transmit data register. The slave must write to its transmit data register at least one bus cycle before the master starts the next transmission. Otherwise, the byte already in the slave shift register shifts out on the MISO pin. Data written to the slave shift register during a a transmission remains in a buffer until the end of the transmission. Data Sheet 206 MC68HC08AS32 -- Rev. 4.1 Freescale Semiconductor When the clock phase bit (CPHA) is set, the first edge of SPSCK starts a transmission. When CPHA is clear, the falling edge of SS starts a transmission. (See 14.5 Transmission Formats.) If the write to the data register is late, the SPI transmits the data already in the shift register from the previous transmission. NOTE: To prevent SPSCK from appearing as a clock edge, SPSCK must be in the proper idle state before the slave is enabled. 14.5 Transmission Formats During an SPI transmission, data is simultaneously transmitted (shifted out serially) and received (shifted in serially). A serial clock line synchronizes shifting and sampling on the two serial data lines. A slave select line allows individual selection of a slave SPI device; slave devices that are not selected do not interfere with SPI bus activities. On a master SPI device, the slave select line can be used optionally to indicate a multiple-master bus contention. 14.5.1 Clock Phase and Polarity Controls Software can select any of four combinations of serial clock (SCK) phase and polarity using two bits in the SPI control register (SPCR). The clock polarity is specified by the CPOL control bit, which selects an active high or low clock and has no significant effect on the transmission format. The clock phase (CPHA) control bit (SPCR) selects one of two fundamentally different transmission formats. The clock phase and polarity should be identical for the master SPI device and the communicating slave device. In some cases, the phase and polarity are changed between transmissions to allow a master device to communicate with peripheral slaves having different requirements. NOTE: Before writing to the CPOL bit or the CPHA bit (SPCR), disable the SPI by clearing the SPI enable bit (SPE). 14.5.2 Transmission Format When CPHA = 0 Figure 14-5 shows an SPI transmission in which CPHA (SPCR) is logic 0. The figure should not be used as a replacement for data sheet parametric information.Two waveforms are shown for SCK: one for CPOL = 0 and another for CPOL = 1. The diagram may be interpreted as a master or slave timing diagram since the serial clock (SCK), master in/slave out (MISO), and master out/slave in (MOSI) pins are directly connected between the master and the slave. The MISO signal is the output from the slave, and the MOSI signal is the output from the master. The SS line is the slave select input to the slave. The slave SPI drives its MISO output only when its slave select input (SS) is at logic 0, so that only the selected slave drives to the master. The SS pin of the master is not shown but is assumed to be inactive. The SS pin of the master must be high or must be MC68HC08AS32 -- Rev. 4.1 Freescale Semiconductor Data Sheet 207 reconfigured as general-purpose I/O not affecting the SPI. (See 14.6.2 Mode Fault Error.) When CPHA = 0, the first SPSCK edge is the MSB capture strobe. Therefore, the slave must begin driving its data before the first SPSCK edge, and a falling edge on the SS pin is used to start the transmission. The SS pin must be toggled high and then low again between each byte transmitted as shown in Figure 14-6. SCK CYCLE # FOR REFERENCE SCK CPOL = 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 SCK CPOL = 1 MOSI FROM MASTER MISO FROM SLAVE SS TO SLAVE CAPTURE STROBE MSB BIT 6 BIT 5 BIT 4 BIT 3 BIT 2 BIT 1 LSB MSB BIT 6 BIT 5 BIT 4 BIT 3 BIT 2 BIT 1 LSB Figure 14-5. Transmission Format (CPHA = 0) MISO/MOSI MASTER SS SLAVE SS CPHA = 0 SLAVE SS CPHA = 1 BYTE 1 BYTE 2 BYTE 3 Figure 14-6. CPHA/SS Timing When CPHA = 0 for a slave, the falling edge of SS indicates the beginning of the transmission. This causes the SPI to leave its idle state and begin driving the MISO pin with the MSB of its data. Once the transmission begins, no new data is allowed into the shift register from the transmit data register. Therefore, the SPI data register of the slave must be loaded with transmit data before the falling edge of SS. Any data written after the falling edge is stored in the transmit data register and transferred to the shift register after the current transmission. Data Sheet 208 MC68HC08AS32 -- Rev. 4.1 Freescale Semiconductor 14.5.3 Transmission Format When CPHA = 1 Figure 14-7 shows an SPI transmission in which CPHA (SPCR) is logic 1. The figure should not be used as a replacement for data sheet parametric information. Two waveforms are shown for SCK: one for CPOL = 0 and another for CPOL = 1. The diagram may be interpreted as a master or slave timing diagram since the serial clock (SCK), master in/slave out (MISO), and master out/slave in (MOSI) pins are directly connected between the master and the slave. The MISO signal is the output from the slave, and the MOSI signal is the output from the master. The SS line is the slave select input to the slave. The slave SPI drives its MISO output only when its slave select input (SS) is at logic 0, so that only the selected slave drives to the master. The SS pin of the master is not shown but is assumed to be inactive. The SS pin of the master must be high or must be reconfigured as general-purpose I/O not affecting the SPI. (See 14.6.2 Mode Fault Error.) When CPHA = 1, the master begins driving its MOSI pin on the first SPSCK edge. Therefore, the slave uses the first SPSCK edge as a start transmission signal. The SS pin can remain low between transmissions. This format may be preferable in systems having only one master and only one slave driving the MISO data line. When CPHA = 1 for a slave, the first edge of the SPSCK indicates the beginning of the transmission. This causes the SPI to leave its idle state and begin driving the MISO pin with the MSB of its data. Once the transmission begins, no new data is allowed into the shift register from the transmit data register. Therefore, the SPI data register of the slave must be loaded with transmit data before the first edge of SPSCK. Any data written after the first edge is stored in the transmit data register and transferred to the shift register after the current transmission. SCK CYCLE # FOR REFERENCE 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 SCK CPOL = 0 SCK CPOL =1 MOSI FROM MASTER MISO FROM SLAVE MSB BIT 6 BIT 5 BIT 4 BIT 3 BIT 2 BIT 1 LSB MSB BIT 6 BIT 5 BIT 4 BIT 3 BIT 2 BIT 1 LSB SS TO SLAVE CAPTURE STROBE Figure 14-7. Transmission Format (CPHA = 1) MC68HC08AS32 -- Rev. 4.1 Freescale Semiconductor Data Sheet 209 14.5.4 Transmission Initiation Latency When the SPI is configured as a master (SPMSTR = 1), transmissions are started by a software write to the SPDR ($0012). CPHA has no effect on the delay to the start of the transmission, but it does affect the initial state of the SCK signal. When CPHA = 0, the SCK signal remains inactive for the first half of the first SCK cycle. When CPHA = 1, the first SCK cycle begins with an edge on the SCK line from its inactive to its active level. The SPI clock rate (selected by SPR1-SPR0) affects the delay from the write to SPDR and the start of the SPI transmission. (See Figure 14-8.) The internal SPI clock in the master is a free-running derivative of the internal MCU clock. It is only enabled when both the SPE and SPMSTR bits (SPCR) are set to conserve power. SCK edges occur halfway through the low time of the internal MCU clock. Since the SPI clock is free-running, it is uncertain where the write to the SPDR will occur relative to the slower SCK. This uncertainty causes the variation in the initiation delay shown in Figure 14-8. This delay will be no longer than a single SPI bit time. That is, the maximum delay between the write to SPDR and the start of the SPI transmission is two MCU bus cycles for DIV2, eight MCU bus cycles for DIV8, 32 MCU bus cycles for DIV32, and 128 MCU bus cycles for DIV128. 14.6 Error Conditions Two flags signal SPI error conditions: 1. Overflow (OVRFin SPSCR) -- Failing to read the SPI data register before the next byte enters the shift register sets the OVRF bit. The new byte does not transfer to the receive data register, and the unread byte still can be read by accessing the SPI data register. OVRF is in the SPI status and control register. 2. Mode fault error (MODF in SPSCR) -- The MODF bit indicates that the voltage on the slave select pin (SS) is inconsistent with the mode of the SPI. MODF is in the SPI status and control register. 14.6.1 Overflow Error The overflow flag (OVRF in SPSCR) becomes set if the SPI receive data register still has unread data from a previous transmission when the capture strobe of bit 1 of the next transmission occurs. (See Figure 14-5 and Figure 14-7.) If an overflow occurs, the data being received is not transferred to the receive data register so that the unread data can still be read. Therefore, an overflow error always indicates the loss of data. Data Sheet 210 MC68HC08AS32 -- Rev. 4.1 Freescale Semiconductor WRITE TO SPDR BUS CLOCK MOSI SCK CPHA = 1 SCK CPHA = 0 SCK CYCLE NUMBER INITIATION DELAY MSB BIT 6 BIT 5 1 2 3 INITIATION DELAY FROM WRITE SPDR TO TRANSFER BEGIN BUS CLOCK BUS CLOCK BUS CLOCK BUS CLOCK WRITE TO SPDR EARLIEST LATEST WRITE TO SPDR EARLIEST WRITE TO SPDR EARLIEST WRITE TO SPDR EARLIEST Figure 14-8. Transmission Start Delay (Master) OVRF generates a receiver/error CPU interrupt request if the error interrupt enable bit (ERRIE in SPSCR) is also set. MODF and OVRF can generate a receiver/error CPU interrupt request. (See Figure 14-11.) It is not possible to enable only MODF or OVRF to generate a receiver/error CPU interrupt request. However, leaving MODFEN low prevents MODF from being set. If an end-of-block transmission interrupt was meant to pull the MCU out of wait, having an overflow condition without overflow interrupts enabled causes the MCU SCK = INTERNAL CLOCK / 2; 2 POSSIBLE START POINTS SCK = INTERNAL CLOCK / 8; 8 POSSIBLE START POINTS LATEST SCK = INTERNAL CLOCK / 32; 32 POSSIBLE START POINTS LATEST SCK = INTERNAL CLOCK / 128; 128 POSSIBLE START POINTS LATEST MC68HC08AS32 -- Rev. 4.1 Freescale Semiconductor Data Sheet 211 to hang in wait mode. If the OVRF is enabled to generate an interrupt, it can pull the MCU out of wait mode instead. If the CPU SPRF interrupt is enabled and the OVRF interrupt is not, watch for an overflow condition. Figure 14-9 shows how it is possible to miss an overflow. BYTE 1 1 SPRF OVRF READ SPSCR READ SPDR 1 2 3 4 2 3 BYTE 1 SETS SPRF BIT. CPU READS SPSCR WITH SPRF BIT SET AND OVRF BIT CLEAR. CPU READS BYTE 1 IN SPDR, CLEARING SPRF BIT. BYTE 2 SETS SPRF BIT. 5 6 7 8 5 7 CPU READS SPSCR WITH SPRF BIT SET AND OVRF BIT CLEAR. BYTE 3 SETS OVRF BIT. BYTE 3 IS LOST. CPU READS BYTE 2 IN SPDR, CLEARING SPRF BIT, BUT NOT OVRF BIT. BYTE 4 FAILS TO SET SPRF BIT BECAUSE OVRF BIT IS SET. BYTE 4 IS LOST. BYTE 2 4 BYTE 3 6 BYTE 4 8 Figure 14-9. Missed Read of Overflow Condition The first part of Figure 14-9 shows how to read the SPSCR and SPDR to clear the SPRF without problems. However, as illustrated by the second transmission example, the OVRF flag can be set in between the time that SPSCR and SPDR are read. In this case, an overflow can be easily missed. Since no more SPRF interrupts can be generated until this OVRF is serviced, it will not be obvious that bytes are being lost as more transmissions are completed. To prevent this, either enable the OVRF interrupt or do another read of the SPSCR after the read of the SPDR. This ensures that the OVRF was not set before the SPRF was cleared and that future transmissions will complete with an SPRF interrupt. Figure 14-10 illustrates this process. Generally, to avoid this second SPSCR read, enable the OVRF to the CPU by setting the ERRIE bit (SPSCR). Data Sheet 212 MC68HC08AS32 -- Rev. 4.1 Freescale Semiconductor BYTE 1 SPI RECEIVE COMPLETE SPRF OVRF READ SPSCR READ SPDR 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 2 3 BYTE 1 SETS SPRF BIT. 4 1 BYTE 2 5 BYTE 3 7 BYTE 4 11 6 8 8 9 9 10 12 13 14 CPU READS SPSCR WITH SPRF BIT SET AND OVRF BIT CLEAR. CPU READS BYTE 1 IN SPDR, CLEARING SPRF BIT. CPU READS SPSCR AGAIN TO CHECK OVRF BIT. BYTE 2 SETS SPRF BIT. CPU READS SPSCR WITH SPRF BIT SET AND OVRF BIT CLEAR. BYTE 3 SETS OVRF BIT. BYTE 3 IS LOST. CPU READS BYTE 2 IN SPDR, CLEARING SPRF BIT. CPU READS SPSCR AGAIN TO CHECK OVRF BIT. 10 CPU READS BYTE 2 SPDR, CLEARING OVRF BIT. 11 BYTE 4 SETS SPRF BIT. 12 CPU READS SPSCR. 13 CPU READS BYTE 4 IN SPDR, CLEARING SPRF BIT. 14 CPU READS SPSCR AGAIN TO CHECK OVRF BIT. Figure 14-10. Clearing SPRF When OVRF Interrupt Is Not Enabled 14.6.2 Mode Fault Error For the MODF flag (in SPSCR) to be set, the mode fault error enable bit (MODFEN in SPSCR) must be set. Clearing the MODFEN bit does not clear the MODF flag but does prevent MODF from being set again after MODF is cleared. MODF generates a receiver/error CPU interrupt request if the error interrupt enable bit (ERRIE in SPSCR) is also set. The SPRF, MODF, and OVRF interrupts share the same CPU interrupt vector. MODF and OVRF can generate a receiver/error CPU interrupt request. (See Figure 14-11.) It is not possible to enable only MODF or OVRF to generate a receiver/error CPU interrupt request. However, leaving MODFEN low prevents MODF from being set. In a master SPI with the mode fault enable bit (MODFEN) set, the mode fault flag (MODF) is set if SS goes to logic 0. A mode fault in a master SPI causes the following events to occur: * If ERRIE = 1, the SPI generates an SPI receiver/error CPU interrupt request. * The SPE bit is cleared. * The SPTE bit is set. * The SPI state counter is cleared. * The data direction register of the shared I/O port regains control of port drivers. MC68HC08AS32 -- Rev. 4.1 Freescale Semiconductor Data Sheet 213 NOTE: To prevent bus contention with another master SPI after a mode fault error, clear all data direction register (DDR) bits associated with the SPI shared port pins. Setting the MODF flag (SPSCR) does not clear the SPMSTR bit. Reading SPMSTR when MODF = 1 will indicate that a MODE fault error occurred in either master mode or slave mode. When configured as a slave (SPMSTR = 0), the MODF flag is set if SS goes high during a transmission. When CPHA = 0, a transmission begins when SS goes low and ends once the incoming SPSCK returns to its idle level after the shift of the eighth data bit. When CPHA = 1, the transmission begins when the SPSCK leaves its idle level and SS is already low. The transmission continues until the SPSCK returns to its IDLE level after the shift of the last data bit. (See 14.5 Transmission Formats.) NOTE: When CPHA = 0, a MODF occurs if a slave is selected (SS is at logic 0) and later unselected (SS is at logic 1) even if no SPSCK is sent to that slave. This happens because SS at logic 0 indicates the start of the transmission (MISO driven out with the value of MSB) for CPHA = 0. When CPHA = 1, a slave can be selected and then later unselected with no transmission occurring. Therefore, MODF does not occur since a transmission was never begun. In a slave SPI (MSTR = 0), the MODF bit generates an SPI receiver/error CPU interrupt request if the ERRIE bit is set. The MODF bit does not clear the SPE bit or reset the SPI in any way. Software can abort the SPI transmission by toggling the SPE bit of the slave. NOTE: A logic 1 voltage on the SS pin of a slave SPI puts the MISO pin in a high impedance state. Also, the slave SPI ignores all incoming SPSCK clocks, even if a transmission has begun. To clear the MODF flag, read the SPSCR and then write to the SPCR register. This entire clearing procedure must occur with no MODF condition existing or else the flag will not be cleared. 14.7 Interrupts Four SPI status flags can be enabled to generate CPU interrupt requests, as shown in Table 14-3. Table 14-3. SPI Interrupts Flag SPTE (transmitter empty) SPRF (receiver full) OVRF (overflow) MODF (mode fault) Request SPI transmitter CPU Interrupt request (SPTIE = 1) SPI receiver CPU interrupt request (SPRIE = 1) SPI receiver/error interrupt request (ERRIE = 1) SPI receiver/error interrupt request (ERRIE = 1, MODFEN = 1) Data Sheet 214 MC68HC08AS32 -- Rev. 4.1 Freescale Semiconductor The SPI transmitter interrupt enable bit (SPTIE) enables the SPTE flag to generate transmitter CPU interrupt requests. The SPI receiver interrupt enable bit (SPRIE) enables the SPRF bit to generate receiver CPU interrupt, provided that the SPI is enabled (SPE = 1). The error interrupt enable bit (ERRIE) enables both the MODF and OVRF flags to generate a receiver/error CPU interrupt request. The mode fault enable bit (MODFEN) can prevent the MODF flag from being set so that only the OVRF flag is enabled to generate receiver/error CPU interrupt requests. SPTE SPTIE SPE SPI TRANSMITTER CPU INTERRUPT REQUEST SPRIE SPRF ERRIE MODF OVRF SPI RECEIVER/ERROR CPU INTERRUPT REQUEST Figure 14-11. SPI Interrupt Request Generation Two sources in the SPI status and control register can generate CPU interrupt requests: 1. SPI receiver full bit (SPRF) -- The SPRF bit becomes set every time a byte transfers from the shift register to the receive data register. If the SPI receiver interrupt enable bit, SPRIE, is also set, SPRF can generate an SPI receiver/error CPU interrupt request. 2. SPI transmitter empty (SPTE) -- The SPTE bit becomes set every time a byte transfers from the transmit data register to the shift register. If the SPI transmit interrupt enable bit, SPTIE, is also set, SPTE can generate an SPTE CPU interrupt request. 14.8 Queuing Transmission Data The double-buffered transmit data register allows a data byte to be queued and transmitted. For an SPI configured as a master, a queued data byte is transmitted immediately after the previous transmission has completed. The SPI transmitter empty flag (SPTE in SPSCR) indicates when the transmit data buffer is ready to accept new data. Write to the SPI data register only when the SPTE bit is high. Figure 14-12 shows the timing associated with doing back-to-back transmissions with the SPI (SPSCK has CPHA-CPOL = 1-0). MC68HC08AS32 -- Rev. 4.1 Freescale Semiconductor Data Sheet 215 WRITE TO SPDR SPTE SPSCK (CPHA:CPOL = 1:0) MOSI 1 3 5 8 10 2 MSB BIT BIT BIT BIT BIT BIT LSB MSB BIT BIT BIT BIT BIT BIT LSB MSB BIT BIT BIT 654321 654321 654 BYTE 1 BYTE 2 BYTE 3 4 6 7 7 8 9 CPU READS SPDR, CLEARING SPRF BIT. CPU WRITES BYTE 3 TO SPDR, QUEUEING BYTE 3 AND CLEARING SPTE BIT. SECOND INCOMING BYTE TRANSFERS FROM SHIFT REGISTER TO RECEIVE DATA REGISTER, SETTING SPRF BIT. 9 11 SPRF READ SPSCR READ SPDR 1 2 3 4 CPU WRITES BYTE 1 TO SPDR, CLEARING SPTE BIT. BYTE 1 TRANSFERS FROM TRANSMIT DATA REGISTER TO SHIFT REGISTER, SETTING SPTE BIT. CPU WRITES BYTE 2 TO SPDR, QUEUEING BYTE 2 AND CLEARING SPTE BIT. FIRST INCOMING BYTE TRANSFERS FROM SHIFT REGISTER TO RECEIVE DATA REGISTER, SETTING SPRF BIT. BYTE 2 TRANSFERS FROM TRANSMIT DATA REGISTER TO SHIFT REGISTER, SETTING SPTE BIT. CPU READS SPSCR WITH SPRF BIT SET. 12 10 BYTE 3 TRANSFERS FROM TRANSMIT DATA REGISTER TO SHIFT REGISTER, SETTING SPTE BIT. 11 CPU READS SPSCR WITH SPRF BIT SET. 12 CPU READS SPDR, CLEARING SPRF BIT. 5 6 Figure 14-12. SPRF/SPTE CPU Interrupt Timing The transmit data buffer allows back-to-back transmissions without the slave precisely timing its writes between transmissions as in a system with a single data buffer. Also, if no new data is written to the data buffer, the last value contained in the shift register is the next data word to be transmitted. For an idle master or idle slave that has no data loaded into its transmit buffer, the SPTE is set again no more than two bus cycles after the transmit buffer empties into the shift register. This allows the user to queue up a 16-bit value to send. For an already active slave, the load of the shift register cannot occur until the transmission is completed. This implies that a back-to-back write to the transmit data register is not possible. The SPTE indicates when the next write can occur. Data Sheet 216 MC68HC08AS32 -- Rev. 4.1 Freescale Semiconductor 14.9 Resetting the SPI Any system reset completely resets the SPI. Partial resets occur whenever the SPI enable bit (SPE) is low. Whenever SPE is low, the following occurs: * * * * * The SPTE flag is set. Any transmission currently in progress is aborted. The shift register is cleared. The SPI state counter is cleared, making it ready for a new complete transmission. All the SPI port logic is defaulted back to being general-purpose I/O. These additional items are reset only by a system reset: * * * All control bits in the SPCR register All control bits in the SPSCR register (MODFEN, ERRIE, SPR1, and SPR0) The status flags SPRF, OVRF, and MODF By not resetting the control bits when SPE is low, the user can clear SPE between transmissions without having to reset all control bits when SPE is set back to high for the next transmission. By not resetting the SPRF, OVRF, and MODF flags, the user can still service these interrupts after the SPI has been disabled. The user can disable the SPI by writing 0 to the SPE bit. The SPI also can be disabled by a mode fault occurring in an SPI that was configured as a master with the MODFEN bit set. 14.10 Low-Power Modes The WAIT and STOP instructions put the MCU in low-power standby modes. 14.10.1 Wait Mode The SPI module remains active after the execution of a WAIT instruction. In wait mode, the SPI module registers are not accessible by the CPU. Any enabled CPU interrupt request from the SPI module can bring the MCU out of wait mode. If SPI module functions are not required during wait mode, reduce power consumption by disabling the SPI module before executing the WAIT instruction. To exit wait mode when an overflow condition occurs, enable the OVRF bit to generate CPU interrupt requests by setting the error interrupt enable bit (ERRIE). (See 14.7 Interrupts.) MC68HC08AS32 -- Rev. 4.1 Freescale Semiconductor Data Sheet 217 14.10.2 Stop Mode The SPI module is inactive after the execution of a STOP instruction. The STOP instruction does not affect register conditions. SPI operation resumes after the MCU exits stop mode. If stop mode is exited by reset, any transfer in progress is aborted and the SPI is reset. 14.11 SPI During Break Interrupts The system integration module (SIM) controls whether status bits in other modules can be cleared during the break state. The BCFE bit in the SIM break flag control register (SBFCR, $FE03) enables software to clear status bits during the break state. (See 13.7.3 SIM Break Flag Control Register.) To allow software to clear status bits during a break interrupt, write a logic 1 to the BCFE bit. If a status bit is cleared during the break state, it remains cleared when the MCU exits the break state. To protect status bits during the break state, write a logic 0 to the BCFE bit. With BCFE at logic 0 (its default state), software can read and write I/O registers during the break state without affecting status bits. Some status bits have a 2-step read/write clearing procedure. If software does the first step on such a bit before the break, the bit cannot change during the break state as long as BCFE is at logic 0. After the break, doing the second step clears the status bit. Since the SPTE bit cannot be cleared during a break with the BCFE bit cleared, a write to the data register in break mode will not initiate a transmission nor will this data be transferred into the shift register. Therefore, a write to the SPDR in break mode with the BCFE bit cleared has no effect. 14.12 I/O Signals The SPI module has five I/O pins and shares four of them with a parallel I/O port. * * * * * MISO -- Data received MOSI -- Data transmitted SPSCK -- Serial clock SS -- Slave select VSS -- Clock ground The SPI has limited inter-integrated circuit (I2C) capability (requiring software support) as a master in a single-master environment. To communicate with I2C peripherals, MOSI becomes an open-drain output when the SPWOM bit in the SPI control register is set. In I2C communication, the MOSI and MISO pins are connected to a bidirectional pin from the I2C peripheral and through a pullup resistor to VDD. Data Sheet 218 MC68HC08AS32 -- Rev. 4.1 Freescale Semiconductor 14.12.1 MISO (Master In/Slave Out) MISO is one of the two SPI module pins that transmit serial data. In full duplex operation, the MISO pin of the master SPI module is connected to the MISO pin of the slave SPI module. The master SPI simultaneously receives data on its MISO pin and transmits data from its MOSI pin. Slave output data on the MISO pin is enabled only when the SPI is configured as a slave. The SPI is configured as a slave when its SPMSTR bit is logic 0 and its SS pin is at logic 0. To support a multiple-slave system, a logic 1 on the SS pin puts the MISO pin in a high-impedance state. When enabled, the SPI controls data direction of the MISO pin regardless of the state of the data direction register of the shared I/O port. 14.12.2 MOSI (Master Out/Slave In) MOSI is one of the two SPI module pins that transmit serial data. In full duplex operation, the MOSI pin of the master SPI module is connected to the MOSI pin of the slave SPI module. The master SPI simultaneously transmits data from its MOSI pin and receives data on its MISO pin. When enabled, the SPI controls data direction of the MOSI pin regardless of the state of the data direction register of the shared I/O port. 14.12.3 SPSCK (Serial Clock) The serial clock synchronizes data transmission between master and slave devices. In a master MCU, the SPSCK pin is the clock output. In a slave MCU, the SPSCK pin is the clock input. In full-duplex operation, the master and slave MCUs exchange a byte of data in eight serial clock cycles. When enabled, the SPI controls data direction of the SPSCK pin regardless of the state of the data direction register of the shared I/O port. 14.12.4 SS (Slave Select) The SS pin has various functions depending on the current state of the SPI. For an SPI configured as a slave, the SS is used to select a slave. For CPHA = 0, the SS is used to define the start of a transmission. (See 14.5 Transmission Formats.) Since it is used to indicate the start of a transmission, the SS must be toggled high and low between each byte transmitted for the CPHA = 0 format. However, it can remain low throughout the transmission for the CPHA = 1 format. See Figure 14-13. MC68HC08AS32 -- Rev. 4.1 Freescale Semiconductor Data Sheet 219 MISO/MOSI MASTER SS SLAVE SS CPHA = 0 SLAVE SS CPHA = 1 BYTE 1 BYTE 2 BYTE 3 Figure 14-13. CPHA/SS Timing When an SPI is configured as a slave, the SS pin is always configured as an input. It cannot be used as a general-purpose I/O regardless of the state of the MODFEN control bit. However, the MODFEN bit can still prevent the state of the SS from creating a MODF error. (See 14.13.2 SPI Status and Control Register.) NOTE: A logic 1 voltage on the SS pin of a slave SPI puts the MISO pin in a high-impedance state. The slave SPI ignores all incoming SPSCK clocks, even if a transmission already has begun. When an SPI is configured as a master, the SS input can be used in conjunction with the MODF flag to prevent multiple masters from driving MOSI and SPSCK. (See 14.6.2 Mode Fault Error.) For the state of the SS pin to set the MODF flag, the MODFEN bit in the SPSCK register must be set. If the MODFEN bit is low for an SPI master, the SS pin can be used as a general-purpose I/O under the control of the data direction register of the shared I/O port. With MODFEN high, it is an input-only pin to the SPI regardless of the state of the data direction register of the shared I/O port. The CPU can always read the state of the SS pin by configuring the appropriate pin as an input and reading the data register. (See Table 14-4.) Table 14-4. SPI Configuration SPE 0 1 1 1 SPMSTR X 0 1 1 MODFEN X X 0 1 SPI Configuration Not enabled Slave Master without MODF Master with MODF State of SS Logic General-purpose I/O; SS ignored by SPI Input only to SPI General-purpose I/O; SS ignored by SPI Input only to SPI X = don't care 14.12.5 VSS (Clock Ground) VSS is the ground return for the serial clock pin, SPSCK, and the ground for the port output buffers. To reduce the ground return path loop and minimize radio frequency (RF) emissions, connect the ground pin of the slave to the VSS pin. Data Sheet 220 MC68HC08AS32 -- Rev. 4.1 Freescale Semiconductor 14.13 I/O Registers Three registers control and monitor SPI operation: * * * SPI control register (SPCR, $0010) SPI status and control register (SPSCR, $0011) SPI data register (SPDR, $0012) 14.13.1 SPI Control Register The SPI control register: * * * * * * Enables SPI module interrupt requests Selects CPU interrupt requests Configures the SPI module as master or slave Selects serial clock polarity and phase Configures the SPSCK, MOSI, and MISO pins as open-drain outputs Enables the SPI module $0010 SPRIE 0 R 6 R 0 = Reserved 5 SPMSTR 1 4 CPOL 0 3 CPHA 1 2 SPWOM 0 1 SPE 0 Bit 0 SPTIE 0 Address: Read: Write: Reset: Figure 14-14. SPI Control Register (SPCR) SPRIE -- SPI Receiver Interrupt Enable Bit This read/write bit enables CPU interrupt requests generated by the SPRF bit. The SPRF bit is set when a byte transfers from the shift register to the receive data register. Reset clears the SPRIE bit. 1 = SPRF CPU interrupt requests enabled 0 = SPRF CPU interrupt requests disabled SPMSTR -- SPI Master Bit This read/write bit selects master mode operation or slave mode operation. Reset sets the SPMSTR bit. 1 = Master mode 0 = Slave mode CPOL -- Clock Polarity Bit This read/write bit determines the logic state of the SPSCK pin between transmissions. (See Figure 14-5 and Figure 14-7.) To transmit data between SPI modules, the SPI modules must have identical CPOL bits. Reset clears the CPOL bit. MC68HC08AS32 -- Rev. 4.1 Freescale Semiconductor Data Sheet 221 CPHA -- Clock Phase Bit This read/write bit controls the timing relationship between the serial clock and SPI data. (See Figure 14-5 and Figure 14-7.) To transmit data between SPI modules, the SPI modules must have identical CPHA bits. When CPHA = 0, the SS pin of the slave SPI module must be set to logic 1 between bytes. (See Figure 14-13.) Reset sets the CPHA bit. When CPHA = 0 for a slave, the falling edge of SS indicates the beginning of the transmission. This causes the SPI to leave its idle state and begin driving the MISO pin with the MSB of its data. Once the transmission begins, no new data is allowed into the shift register from the data register. Therefore, the slave data register must be loaded with the desired transmit data before the falling edge of SS. Any data written after the falling edge is stored in the data register and transferred to the shift register at the current transmission. When CPHA = 1 for a slave, the first edge of the SPSCK indicates the beginning of the transmission. The same applies when SS is high for a slave. The MISO pin is held in a high-impedance state, and the incoming SPSCK is ignored. In certain cases, it may also cause the MODF flag to be set. (See 14.6.2 Mode Fault Error.) A logic 1 on the SS pin does not in any way affect the state of the SPI state machine. SPWOM -- SPI Wired-OR Mode Bit This read/write bit disables the pullup devices on pins SPSCK, MOSI, and MISO so that those pins become open-drain outputs. 1 = Wired-OR SPSCK, MOSI, and MISO pins 0 = Normal push-pull SPSCK, MOSI, and MISO pins SPE -- SPI Enable Bit This read/write bit enables the SPI module. Clearing SPE causes a partial reset of the SPI. (See 14.9 Resetting the SPI.) Reset clears the SPE bit. 1 = SPI module enabled 0 = SPI module disabled SPTIE-- SPI Transmit Interrupt Enable Bit This read/write bit enables CPU interrupt requests generated by the SPTE bit. SPTE is set when a byte transfers from the transmit data register to the shift register. Reset clears the SPTIE bit. 1 = SPTE CPU interrupt requests enabled 0 = SPTE CPU interrupt requests disabled Data Sheet 222 MC68HC08AS32 -- Rev. 4.1 Freescale Semiconductor 14.13.2 SPI Status and Control Register The SPI status and control register contains flags to signal the following conditions: * * * * Receive data register full Failure to clear SPRF bit before next byte is received (overflow error) Inconsistent logic level on SS pin (mode fault error) Transmit data register empty The SPI status and control register also contains bits that perform these functions: * * * Enable error interrupts Enable mode fault error detection Select master SPI baud rate $0011 Bit 7 Read: Write: Reset: SPRF R 0 R 6 ERRIE 0 = Reserved 5 OVRF R 0 4 MODF R 0 3 SPTE R 1 2 MODFEN 0 1 SPR1 0 Bit 0 SPR0 0 Address: Figure 14-15. SPI Status and Control Register (SPSCR) SPRF -- SPI Receiver Full Bit This clearable, read-only flag is set each time a byte transfers from the shift register to the receive data register. SPRF generates a CPU interrupt request if the SPRIE bit in the SPI control register is set also. During an SPRF CPU interrupt, the CPU clears SPRF by reading the SPI status and control register with SPRF set and then reading the SPI data register. Any read of the SPI data register clears the SPRF bit, and reset also clears the SPRF bit. 1 = Receive data register full 0 = Receive data register not full ERRIE -- Error Interrupt Enable Bit This bit enables the MODF and OVRF flags to generate CPU interrupt requests. Reset clears the ERRIE bit. 1 = MODF and OVRF can generate CPU interrupt requests 0 = MODF and OVRF cannot generate CPU interrupt requests MC68HC08AS32 -- Rev. 4.1 Freescale Semiconductor Data Sheet 223 OVRF -- Overflow Bit This clearable, read-only flag is set if software does not read the byte in the receive data register before the next byte enters the shift register. In an overflow condition, the byte already in the receive data register is unaffected, and the byte that shifted in last is lost. Clear the OVRF bit by reading the SPI status and control register with OVRF set and then reading the SPI data register. Reset clears the OVRF flag. 1 = Overflow 0 = No overflow MODF -- Mode Fault Bit This clearable, ready-only flag is set in a slave SPI if the SS pin goes high during a transmission. In a master SPI, the MODF flag is set if the SS pin goes low at any time. Clear the MODF bit by reading the SPI status and control register with MODF set and then writing to the SPI control register. Reset clears the MODF bit. 1 = SS pin at inappropriate logic level 0 = SS pin at appropriate logic level SPTE -- SPI Transmitter Empty Bit This clearable, read-only flag is set each time the transmit data register transfers a byte into the shift register. SPTE generates an SPTE CPU interrupt request if the SPTIE bit in the SPI control register is set also. NOTE: Do not write to the SPI data register unless the SPTE bit is high. For an idle master or idle slave that has no data loaded into its transmit buffer, the SPTE will be set again within two bus cycles since the transmit buffer empties into the shift register. This allows the user to queue up a 16-bit value to send. For an already active slave, the load of the shift register cannot occur until the transmission is completed. This implies that a back-to-back write to the transmit data register is not possible. The SPTE indicates when the next write can occur. Reset sets the SPTE bit. 1 = Transmit data register empty 0 = Transmit data register not empty MODFEN -- Mode Fault Enable Bit This read/write bit, when set to 1, allows the MODF flag to be set. If the MODF flag is set, clearing the MODFEN does not clear the MODF flag. If the SPI is enabled as a master and the MODFEN bit is low, then the SS pin is available as a general-purpose I/O. If the MODFEN bit is set, then this pin is not available as a general-purpose I/O. When the SPI is enabled as a slave, the SS pin is not available as a general-purpose I/O regardless of the value of MODFEN. (See 14.12.4 SS (Slave Select).) If the MODFEN bit is low, the level of the SS pin does not affect the operation of an enabled SPI configured as a master. For an enabled SPI configured as a slave, having MODFEN low only prevents the MODF flag from being set. It does not affect any other part of SPI operation. (See 14.6.2 Mode Fault Error.) Data Sheet 224 MC68HC08AS32 -- Rev. 4.1 Freescale Semiconductor SPR1 and SPR0 -- SPI Baud Rate Select Bits In master mode, these read/write bits select one of four baud rates as shown in Table 14-5. SPR1 and SPR0 have no effect in slave mode. Reset clears SPR1 and SPR0. Table 14-5. SPI Master Baud Rate Selection SPR1:SPR0 00 01 10 11 Baud Rate Divisor (BD) 2 8 32 128 Use this formula to calculate the SPI baud rate: CGMOUT Baud rate = ------------------------2 x BD where: CGMOUT = base clock output of the clock generator module (CGM), see Section 5. Clock Generator Module (CGM). BD = baud rate divisor 14.13.3 SPI Data Register The SPI data register is the read/write buffer for the receive data register and the transmit data register. Writing to the SPI data register writes data into the transmit data register. Reading the SPI data register reads data from the receive data register. The transmit data and receive data registers are separate buffers that can contain different values. See Figure 14-2. Address: Read: Write: Reset: $0012 Bit 7 R7 T7 6 R6 T6 5 R5 T5 4 R4 T4 3 R3 T3 2 R2 T2 1 R1 T1 Bit 0 R0 T0 Unaffected by reset Figure 14-16. SPI Data Register (SPDR) R7-R0/T7-T0 -- Receive/Transmit Data Bits NOTE: Do not use read-modify-write instructions on the SPI data register since the buffer read is not the same as the buffer written. MC68HC08AS32 -- Rev. 4.1 Freescale Semiconductor Data Sheet 225 Data Sheet 226 MC68HC08AS32 -- Rev. 4.1 Freescale Semiconductor Data Sheet -- MC68HC08AS32 Section 15. Timer Interface (TIM) 15.1 Introduction This section describes the timer interface module (TIM6). The TIM is a 6-channel timer that provides a timing reference with input capture, output compare, and pulse-width-modulation functions. Figure 15-2 is a block diagram of the TIM. 15.2 Features Features of the TIM include: * Six input capture/output compare channels: - Rising-edge, falling-edge, or any-edge input capture trigger - Set, clear, or toggle output compare action Buffered and unbuffered pulse width modulation (PWM) signal generation Programmable TIM clock input - 7-frequency internal bus clock prescaler selection - External TIM clock input (4-MHz maximum frequency) Free-running or modulo up-count operation Toggle any channel pin on overflow TIM counter stop and reset bits * * * * * 15.3 Functional Description Figure 15-2 shows the TIM structure. The central component of the TIM is the 16-bit TIM counter that can operate as a free-running counter or a modulo up-counter. The TIM counter provides the timing reference for the input capture and output compare functions. The TIM counter modulo registers, TMODH-TMODL, control the modulo value of the TIM counter. Software can read the TIM counter value at any time without affecting the counting sequence. The six TIM channels are programmable independently as input capture or output compare channels. MC68HC08AS32 -- Rev. 4.1 Freescale Semiconductor Data Sheet 227 PTA M68HC08 CPU CPU REGISTERS ARITHMETIC/LOGIC UNIT VREFH ANALOG-TO-DIGITAL CONVERTER MODULE DDRA DDRB PTB DDRC USER ROM -- 32,256 BYTES LOW-VOLTAGE INHIBIT MODULE USER EEPROM -- 512 BYTES PTC DDRD USER RAM -- 1024 BYTES MONITOR ROM -- 224 BYTES USER ROM VECTOR SPACE -- 36 BYTES OSC1 OSC2 CGMXFC COMPUTER OPERATING PROPERLY MODULE PTD CLOCK GENERATOR MODULE SERIAL COMMUNICATIONS INTERFACE MODULE DDRE SERIAL PERIPHERAL INTERFACE MODULE DDRF PTF SYSTEM INTEGRATION MODULE IRQ MODULE POWER-ON RESET MODULE BDRxD BDTxD PTE 228 Freescale Semiconductor Data Sheet RST IRQ INTERNAL BUS PTA7-PTA0 PTB7/ATD7-PTB0/ATD0 CONTROL AND STATUS REGISTERS -- 69 BYTES BREAK MODULE PTC4-PTC3 PTC2/MCLK PTC1-PTC0 PTD6/ATD14/TCLK PTD5/ATD13-PTD0/ATD8 TIMER INTERFACE MODULE PTE7/SPSCK PTE6/MOSI PTE5/MISO PTE4/SS PTE3/TCH1 PTE2/TCH0 PTE1/RxD PTE0/TxD PTF3/TCH5 PTF2/TCH4 PTF1/TCH3 PTF0/TCH2 BYTE DATA LINK CONTROLLER DIGITAL MODULE MC68HC08AS32 -- Rev. 4.1 VDDA/VDDAREF VSSA/VREFL VSS VDD POWER Figure 15-1. Block Diagram Highlighting TIM Block and Pins PTD6/ATD14/TCLK INTERNAL BUS CLOCK TSTOP TRST 16-BIT COUNTER TCLK PRESCALER PRESCALER SELECT PS2 PS1 PS0 INTERRUPT LOGIC TOF TOIE 16-BIT COMPARATOR TMODH-TMODL CHANNEL 0 16-BIT COMPARATOR TCH0H-TCH0L 16-BIT LATCH MS0A CHANNEL 1 16-BIT COMPARATOR TCH1H-TCH1L 16-BIT LATCH MS1A CHANNEL 2 16-BIT COMPARATOR TCH2H-TCH2L 16-BIT LATCH MS2A CHANNEL 3 16-BIT COMPARATOR TCH3H-TCH3L 16-BIT LATCH MS3A CHANNEL 4 16-BIT COMPARATOR TCH4H-TCH4L 16-BIT LATCH MS4A CHANNEL 5 16-BIT COMPARATOR TCH5H-TCH5L 16-BIT LATCH MS5A CH5F CH5IE ELS5B ELS5A MS4B CH4F CH4IE TOV5 CH5MAX ELS4B ELS4A CH3F CH3IE TOV4 CH5MAX ELS3B ELS3A MS2B CH2F CH2IE TOV3 CH3MAX ELS2B ELS2A CH1F CH1IE TOV2 CH2MAX ELS1B ELS1A MS0B CH0F CH0IE TOV1 CH1MAX ELS0B ELS0A TOV0 CH0MAX PTE2 LOGIC INTERRUPT LOGIC PTE2/TCH0 PTE3 LOGIC INTERRUPT LOGIC PTE3/TCH1 PTF0 LOGIC INTERRUPT LOGIC PTF0/TCH2 PTF1 LOGIC INTERRUPT LOGIC PTF1/TCH3 PTF2 LOGIC INTERRUPT LOGIC PTF2/TCH4 PTF3 LOGIC INTERRUPT LOGIC PTF3/TCH5 Figure 15-2. TIM Block Diagram MC68HC08AS32 -- Rev. 4.1 Freescale Semiconductor Data Sheet 229 Addr. $0020 Register Name Timer Status and Control Read: Register (TSC) Write: See page 241. Reset: Timer Counter Register High Read: (TCNTH) Write: See page 242. Reset: Timer Counter Register Low Read: (TCNTL) Write: See page 242. Reset: Timer Modulo Register High Read: (TMODH) Write: See page 243. Reset: Timer Modulo Register Low Read: (TMODL) Write: See page 243. Reset: Timer Channel 0 Status and Read: Control Register (TSC0) Write: See page 244. Reset: Timer Channel 0 Register High Read: (TCH0H) Write: See page 248. Reset: Timer Channel 0 Register Low Read: (TCH0L) Write: See page 248. Reset: Timer Channel 1 Status and Read: Control Register (TSC1) Write: See page 244. Reset: Timer Channel 1 Register High Read: (TCH1H) Write: See page 248. Reset: Timer Channel 1 Register Low Read: (TCH1L) Write: See page 248. Reset: Timer Channel 2 Status and Read: Control Register (TSC2) Write: See page 244. Reset: Bit 7 TOF 0 0 Bit 15 R 0 Bit 7 R 0 Bit 15 1 Bit 7 1 CH0F 0 0 Bit 15 6 TOIE 0 14 R 0 6 R 0 14 1 6 1 CH0IE 0 14 5 TSTOP 1 13 R 0 5 R 0 13 1 5 1 MS0B 0 13 4 0 TRST 0 12 R 0 4 R 0 12 1 4 1 MS0A 0 12 3 0 R 0 11 R 0 3 R 0 11 1 3 1 ELS0B 0 11 2 PS2 0 10 R 0 2 R 0 10 1 2 1 ELS0A 0 10 1 PS1 0 9 R 0 1 R 0 9 1 1 1 TOV0 0 9 Bit 0 PS0 0 Bit 8 R 0 Bit 0 R 0 Bit 8 1 Bit 0 1 CH0MAX 0 Bit 8 $0022 $0023 $0024 $0025 $0026 $0027 Indeterminate after reset Bit 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 Bit 0 $0028 Indeterminate after reset CH1F 0 0 Bit 15 CH1IE 0 14 0 R 0 13 MS1A 0 12 ELS1B 0 11 ELS1A 0 10 TOV1 0 9 CH1MAX 0 Bit 8 $0029 $002A Indeterminate after reset Bit 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 Bit 0 $002B Indeterminate after reset CH2F 0 0 R CH2IE 0 = Reserved MS2B 0 MS2A 0 ELS2B 0 ELS2A 0 TOV2 0 CH2MAX 0 $002C Figure 15-3. TIM I/O Register Summary (Sheet 1 of 2) Data Sheet 230 MC68HC08AS32 -- Rev. 4.1 Freescale Semiconductor Addr. $002D Register Name Timer Channel 2 Register High Read: (TCH2H) Write: See page 248. Reset: Timer Channel 2 Register Low Read: (TCH2L) Write: See page 248. Reset: Timer Channel 3 Status and Read: Control Register (TSC3) Write: See page 244. Reset: Timer Channel 3 Register High Read: (TCH3H) Write: See page 248. Reset: Timer Channel 3 Register Low Read: (TCH3L Write: See page 248.) Reset: Timer Channel 4 Status and Read: Control Register (TSC4) Write: See page 244. Reset: Timer Channel 4 Register High Read: (TCH4H) Write: See page 248. Reset: Timer Channel 4 Register Low Read: (TCH4L) Write: See page 248. Reset: Timer Channel 5 Status and Read: Control Register (TSC5) Write: See page 244. Reset: Timer Channel 5 Register High Read: (TCH5H) Write: See page 248. Reset: Timer Channel 5 Register Low Read: (TCH5L) Write: See page 248. Reset: Bit 7 Bit 15 6 14 5 13 4 12 3 11 2 10 1 9 Bit 0 Bit 8 Indeterminate after reset Bit 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 Bit 0 $002E Indeterminate after reset CH3F 0 0 Bit 15 CH3IE 0 14 0 R 0 13 MS3A 0 12 ELS3B 0 11 ELS3A 0 10 TOV3 0 9 CH3MAX 0 Bit 8 $002F $0030 Indeterminate after reset Bit 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 Bit 0 $0031 Indeterminate after reset CH4F 0 0 Bit 15 CH4IE 0 14 MS4B 0 13 MS4A 0 12 ELS4B 0 11 ELS4A 0 10 TOV4 0 9 CH4MAX 0 Bit 8 $0032 $0033 Indeterminate after reset Bit 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 Bit 0 $0034 Indeterminate after reset CH5F 0 0 Bit 15 CH5IE 0 14 0 R 0 13 MS5A 0 12 ELS5B 0 11 ELS5A 0 10 TOV5 0 9 CH5MAX 0 Bit 8 $0035 $0036 Indeterminate after reset Bit 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 Bit 0 $0037 Indeterminate after reset R = Reserved Figure 15-3. TIM I/O Register Summary (Sheet 2 of 2) MC68HC08AS32 -- Rev. 4.1 Freescale Semiconductor Data Sheet 231 15.3.1 TIM Counter Prescaler The TIM clock source can be one of the seven prescaler outputs or the TIM clock pin, PTD6/ATD14/TCLK. The prescaler generates seven clock rates from the internal bus clock. The prescaler select bits, PS[2-0], in the TIM status and control register select the TIM clock source. 15.3.2 Input Capture An input capture function has three basic parts: edge select logic, an input capture latch, and a 16-bit counter. Two 8-bit registers, which make up the 16-bit input capture register, are used to latch the value of the free-running counter after the corresponding input capture edge detector senses a defined transition. The polarity of the active edge is programmable. The level transition which triggers the counter transfer is defined by the corresponding input edge bits (ELSxB and ELSxA in TSC0 through TSC5 control registers with x referring to the active channel number). When an active edge occurs on the pin of an input capture channel, the TIM latches the contents of the TIM counter into the TIM channel registers, TCHxH-TCHxL. Input captures can generate TIM CPU interrupt requests. Software can determine that an input capture event has occurred by enabling input capture interrupts or by polling the status flag bit. The free-running counter contents are transferred to the TIM channel registers (TCHxH-TCHxL) (see 15.8.5 TIM Channel Registers) on each proper signal transition regardless of whether the TIM channel flag (CH0F-CH5F in TSC0-TSC5 registers) is set or clear. When the status flag is set, a CPU interrupt is generated if enabled. The value of the count latched or "captured" is the time of the event. Because this value is stored in the input capture register when the actual event occurs, user software can respond to this event at a later time and determine the actual time of the event. However, this must be done prior to another input capture on the same pin; otherwise, the previous time value will be lost. By recording the times for successive edges on an incoming signal, software can determine the period and/or pulse width of the signal. To measure a period, two successive edges of the same polarity are captured. To measure a pulse width, two alternate polarity edges are captured. Software should track the overflows at the 16-bit module counter to extend its range. Another use for the input capture function is to establish a time reference. In this case, an input capture function is used in conjunction with an output compare function. For example, to activate an output signal a specified number of clock cycles after detecting an input event (edge), use the input capture function to record the time at which the edge occurred. A number corresponding to the desired delay is added to this captured value and stored to an output compare register (see 15.8.5 TIM Channel Registers). Because both input captures and output compares are referenced to the same 16-bit modulo counter, the delay can be controlled to the resolution of the counter independent of software latencies. Data Sheet 232 MC68HC08AS32 -- Rev. 4.1 Freescale Semiconductor Reset does not affect the contents of the input capture channel (TCHxH-TCHxL) registers. 15.3.3 Output Compare With the output compare function, the TIM can generate a periodic pulse with a programmable polarity, duration, and frequency. When the counter reaches the value in the registers of an output compare channel, the TIM can set, clear, or toggle the channel pin. Output compares can generate TIM CPU interrupt requests. 15.3.3.1 Unbuffered Output Compare Any output compare channel can generate unbuffered output compare pulses as described in 15.3.3 Output Compare. The pulses are unbuffered because changing the output compare value requires writing the new value over the old value currently in the TIM channel registers. An unsynchronized write to the TIM channel registers to change an output compare value could cause incorrect operation for up to two counter overflow periods. For example, writing a new value before the counter reaches the old value but after the counter reaches the new value prevents any compare during that counter overflow period. Also, using a TIM overflow interrupt routine to write a new, smaller output compare value may cause the compare to be missed. The TIM may pass the new value before it is written. Use the following methods to synchronize unbuffered changes in the output compare value on channel x: * When changing to a smaller value, enable channel x output compare interrupts and write the new value in the output compare interrupt routine. The output compare interrupt occurs at the end of the current output compare pulse. The interrupt routine has until the end of the counter overflow period to write the new value. When changing to a larger output compare value, enable TIM overflow interrupts and write the new value in the TIM overflow interrupt routine. The TIM overflow interrupt occurs at the end of the current counter overflow period. Writing a larger value in an output compare interrupt routine (at the end of the current pulse) could cause two output compares to occur in the same counter overflow period. * 15.3.3.2 Buffered Output Compare Channels 0 and 1 can be linked to form a buffered output compare channel whose output appears on the PTE2/TCH0 pin. The TIM channel registers of the linked pair alternately control the output. MC68HC08AS32 -- Rev. 4.1 Freescale Semiconductor Data Sheet 233 Setting the MS0B bit in TIM channel 0 status and control register (TSC0) links channel 0 and channel 1. The output compare value in the TIM channel 0 registers initially controls the output on the PTE2/TCH0 pin. Writing to the TIM channel 1 registers enables the TIM channel 1 registers to synchronously control the output after the TIM overflows. At each subsequent overflow, the TIM channel registers (0 or 1) that control the output are the ones written to last. TSC0 controls and monitors the buffered output compare function, and TIM channel 1 status and control register (TSC1) is unused. While the MS0B bit is set, the channel 1 pin, PTE3/TCH1, is available as a general-purpose I/O pin. Channels 2 and 3 can be linked to form a buffered output compare channel whose output appears on the PTF0/TCH2 pin. The TIM channel registers of the linked pair alternately control the output. Setting the MS2B bit in TIM channel 2 status and control register (TSC2) links channel 2 and channel 3. The output compare value in the TIM channel 2 registers initially controls the output on the PTF0/TCH2 pin. Writing to the TIM channel 3 registers enables the TIM channel 3 registers to synchronously control the output after the TIM overflows. At each subsequent overflow, the TIM channel registers (2 or 3) that control the output are the ones written to last. TSC2 controls and monitors the buffered output compare function, and TIM channel 3 status and control register (TSC3) is unused. While the MS2B bit is set, the channel 3 pin, PTF1/TCH3, is available as a general-purpose I/O pin. Channels 4 and 5 can be linked to form a buffered output compare channel whose output appears on the PTF2/TCH4 pin. The TIM channel registers of the linked pair alternately control the output. Setting the MS4B bit in TIM channel 4 status and control register (TSC4) links channel 4 and channel 5. The output compare value in the TIM channel 4 registers initially controls the output on the PTF2/TCH4 pin. Writing to the TIM channel 5 registers enables the TIM channel 5 registers to synchronously control the output after the TIM overflows. At each subsequent overflow, the TIM channel registers (4 or 5) that control the output are the ones written to last. TSC4 controls and monitors the buffered output compare function, and TIM channel 5 status and control register (TSC5) is unused. While the MS4B bit is set, the channel 5 pin, PTF3/TCH5, is available as a general-purpose I/O pin. NOTE: In buffered output compare operation, do not write new output compare values to the currently active channel registers. User software should track the currently active channel to prevent writing a new value to the active channel. Writing to the active channel registers is the same as generating unbuffered output compares. 15.3.4 Pulse Width Modulation (PWM) By using the toggle-on-overflow feature with an output compare channel, the TIM can generate a PWM signal. The value in the TIM counter modulo registers determines the period of the PWM signal. The channel pin toggles when the Data Sheet 234 MC68HC08AS32 -- Rev. 4.1 Freescale Semiconductor counter reaches the value in the TIM counter modulo registers. The time between overflows is the period of the PWM signal. As Figure 15-4 shows, the output compare value in the TIM channel registers determines the pulse width of the PWM signal. The time between overflow and output compare is the pulse width. Program the TIM to clear the channel pin on output compare if the state of the PWM pulse is logic 1. Program the TIM to set the pin if the state of the PWM pulse is logic 0. OVERFLOW PERIOD OVERFLOW OVERFLOW PULSE WIDTH PTEx/TCHx OUTPUT COMPARE OUTPUT COMPARE OUTPUT COMPARE Figure 15-4. PWM Period and Pulse Width The value in the TIM counter modulo registers and the selected prescaler output determines the frequency of the PWM output. The frequency of an 8-bit PWM signal is variable in 256 increments. Writing $00FF (255) to the TIM counter modulo registers produces a PWM period of 256 times the internal bus clock period if the prescaler select value is $000 (see 15.8.1 TIM Status and Control Register). The value in the TIM channel registers determines the pulse width of the PWM output. The pulse width of an 8-bit PWM signal is variable in 256 increments. Writing $0080 (128) to the TIM channel registers produces a duty cycle of 128/256 or 50%. 15.3.4.1 Unbuffered PWM Signal Generation Any output compare channel can generate unbuffered PWM pulses as described in 15.3.4 Pulse Width Modulation (PWM). The pulses are unbuffered because changing the pulse width requires writing the new pulse width value over the value currently in the TIM channel registers. An unsynchronized write to the TIM channel registers to change a pulse width value could cause incorrect operation for up to two PWM periods. For example, writing a new value before the counter reaches the old value but after the counter reaches the new value prevents any compare during that PWM period. Also, using a TIM overflow interrupt routine to write a new, smaller pulse width value may MC68HC08AS32 -- Rev. 4.1 Freescale Semiconductor Data Sheet 235 cause the compare to be missed. The TIM may pass the new value before it is written to the timer channel (TCHxH/TCHxL) registers. Use the following methods to synchronize unbuffered changes in the PWM pulse width on channel x: * When changing to a shorter pulse width, enable channel x output compare interrupts and write the new value in the output compare interrupt routine. The output compare interrupt occurs at the end of the current pulse. The interrupt routine has until the end of the PWM period to write the new value. When changing to a longer pulse width, enable TIM overflow interrupts and write the new value in the TIM overflow interrupt routine. The TIM overflow interrupt occurs at the end of the current PWM period. Writing a larger value in an output compare interrupt routine (at the end of the current pulse) could cause two output compares to occur in the same PWM period. * NOTE: In PWM signal generation, do not program the PWM channel to toggle on output compare. Toggling on output compare prevents reliable 0% duty cycle generation and removes the ability of the channel to self-correct in the event of software error or noise. Toggling on output compare also can cause incorrect PWM signal generation when changing the PWM pulse width to a new, much larger value. 15.3.4.2 Buffered PWM Signal Generation Channels 0 and 1 can be linked to form a buffered PWM channel whose output appears on the PTE2/TCH0 pin. The TIM channel registers of the linked pair alternately control the pulse width of the output. Setting the MS0B bit in TIM channel 0 status and control register (TSC0) links channel 0 and channel 1. The TIM channel 0 registers initially control the pulse width on the PTE2/TCH0 pin. Writing to the TIM channel 1 registers enables the TIM channel 1 registers to synchronously control the pulse width at the beginning of the next PWM period. At each subsequent overflow, the TIM channel registers (0 or 1) that control the pulse width are the ones written to last. TSC0 controls and monitors the buffered PWM function, and TIM channel 1 status and control register (TSC1) is unused. While the MS0B bit is set, the channel 1 pin, PTE3/TCH1, is available as a general-purpose I/O pin. Channels 2 and 3 can be linked to form a buffered PWM channel whose output appears on the PTF0/TCH2 pin. The TIM channel registers of the linked pair alternately control the pulse width of the output. Setting the MS2B bit in TIM channel 2 status and control register (TSC2) links channel 2 and channel 3. The TIM channel 2 registers initially control the pulse width on the PTF0/TCH2 pin. Writing to the TIM channel 3 registers enables the TIM channel 3 registers to synchronously control the pulse width at the beginning of the next PWM period. At each subsequent overflow, the TIM channel registers (2 or 3) that control the pulse width are the ones written to last. TSC2 controls and monitors the buffered PWM function, and TIM channel 3 status and control register Data Sheet 236 MC68HC08AS32 -- Rev. 4.1 Freescale Semiconductor (TSC3) is unused. While the MS2B bit is set, the channel 3 pin, PTF1/TCH3, is available as a general-purpose I/O pin. Channels 4 and 5 can be linked to form a buffered PWM channel whose output appears on the PTF2/TCH4 pin. The TIM channel registers of the linked pair alternately control the pulse width of the output. Setting the MS4B bit in TIM channel 4 status and control register (TSC4) links channel 4 and channel 5. The TIM channel 4 registers initially control the pulse width on the PTF2/TCH4 pin. Writing to the TIM channel 5 registers enables the TIM channel 5 registers to synchronously control the pulse width at the beginning of the next PWM period. At each subsequent overflow, the TIM channel registers (4 or 5) that control the pulse width are the ones written to last. TSC4 controls and monitors the buffered PWM function, and TIM channel 5 status and control register (TSC5) is unused. While the MS4B bit is set, the channel 5 pin, PTF3/TCH5, is available as a general-purpose I/O pin. NOTE: In buffered PWM signal generation, do not write pulse width values to the currently active channel registers. User software should track the currently active channel to prevent writing a new value to the active channel. Writing to the active channel registers is the same as generating unbuffered PWM signals. 15.3.4.3 PWM Initialization To ensure correct operation when generating unbuffered or buffered PWM signals, use the following initialization procedure: 1. In the TIM status and control register (TSC): a. Stop the TIM counter by setting the TIM stop bit, TSTOP. b. Reset the TIM counter and prescaler by setting the TIM reset bit, TRST. 2. In the TIM counter modulo registers (TMODH-TMODL), write the value for the required PWM period. 3. In the TIM channel x registers (TCHxH-TCHxL), write the value for the required pulse width. 4. In TIM channel x status and control register (TSCx): a. Write 0-1 (for unbuffered output compare or PWM signals) or 1-0 (for buffered output compare or PWM signals) to the mode select bits, MSxB-MSxA. (See Table 15-2.) b. Write 1 to the toggle-on-overflow bit, TOVx. c. Write 1-0 (to clear output on compare) or 1-1 (to set output on compare) to the edge/level select bits, ELSxB-ELSxA. The output action on compare must force the output to the complement of the pulse width level. (See Table 15-2.) NOTE: In PWM signal generation, do not program the PWM channel to toggle on output compare. Toggling on output compare prevents reliable 0% duty cycle generation Data Sheet 237 MC68HC08AS32 -- Rev. 4.1 Freescale Semiconductor and removes the ability of the channel to self-correct in the event of software error or noise. Toggling on output compare can also cause incorrect PWM signal generation when changing the PWM pulse width to a new, much larger value. 5. In the TIM status control register (TSC), clear the TIM stop bit, TSTOP. Setting MS0B links channels 0 and 1 and configures them for buffered PWM operation. The TIM channel 0 registers (TCH0H-TCH0L) initially control the buffered PWM output. TIM status control register 0 (TSC0) controls and monitors the PWM signal from the linked channels. MS0B takes priority over MS0A. Setting MS2B links channels 2 and 3 and configures them for buffered PWM operation. The TIM channel 2 registers (TCH2H-TCH2L) initially control the buffered PWM output. TIM status control register 2 (TSC2) controls and monitors the PWM signal from the linked channels. MS2B takes priority over MS2A. Setting MS4B links channels 4 and 5 and configures them for buffered PWM operation. The TIM channel 4 registers (TCH4H-TCH4L) initially control the buffered PWM output. TIM status control register 4 (TSC4) controls and monitors the PWM signal from the linked channels. MS4B takes priority over MS4A. Clearing the toggle-on-overflow bit, TOVx, inhibits output toggles on TIM overflows. Subsequent output compares try to force the output to a state it is already in and have no effect. The result is a 0% duty cycle output. Setting the channel x maximum duty cycle bit (CHxMAX) and setting the TOVx bit generates a 100% duty cycle output. (See 15.8.4 TIM Channel Status and Control Registers.) 15.4 Interrupts The following TIM sources can generate interrupt requests: * TIM overflow flag (TOF) -- The TOF bit is set when the TIM counter reaches the modulo value programmed in the TIM counter modulo registers. The TIM overflow interrupt enable bit, TOIE, enables TIM overflow interrupt requests. TOF and TOIE are in the TIM status and control register. TIM channel flags (CH5F-CH0F) -- The CHxF bit is set when an input capture or output compare occurs on channel x. Channel x TIM CPU interrupt requests are controlled by the channel x interrupt enable bit, CHxIE. * 15.5 Low-Power Modes The WAIT and STOP instructions put the MCU in low-power standby modes. Data Sheet 238 MC68HC08AS32 -- Rev. 4.1 Freescale Semiconductor 15.5.1 Wait Mode The TIM remains active after the execution of a WAIT instruction. In wait mode, the TIM registers are not accessible by the CPU. Any enabled CPU interrupt request from the TIM can bring the MCU out of wait mode. If TIM functions are not required during wait mode, reduce power consumption by stopping the TIM before executing the WAIT instruction. 15.5.2 Stop Mode The TIM is inactive after the execution of a STOP instruction. The STOP instruction does not affect register conditions or the state of the TIM counter. TIM operation resumes when the MCU exits stop mode. 15.6 TIM During Break Interrupts A break interrupt stops the TIM counter. The system integration module (SIM) controls whether status bits in other modules can be cleared during the break state. The BCFE bit in the SIM break flag control register (SBFCR) enables software to clear status bits during the break state. (See 13.7.3 SIM Break Flag Control Register.) To allow software to clear status bits during a break interrupt, write a logic 1 to the BCFE bit. If a status bit is cleared during the break state, it remains cleared when the MCU exits the break state. To protect status bits during the break state, write a logic 0 to the BCFE bit. With BCFE at logic 0 (its default state), software can read and write I/O registers during the break state without affecting status bits. Some status bits have a 2-step read/write clearing procedure. If software does the first step on such a bit before the break, the bit cannot change during the break state as long as BCFE is at logic 0. After the break, doing the second step clears the status bit. 15.7 I/O Signals Port D shares one of its pins with the TIM. Port E shares two of its pins with the TIM and port F shares four of its pins with the TIM. PTD6/ATD14/TCLK is an external clock input to the TIM prescaler. The six TIM channel I/O pins are PTE2/TCH0, PTE3/TCH1, PTF0/TCH2, PTF1/TCH3, PTF2/TCH4, and PTF3/TCH5. 15.7.1 TIM Clock Pin (PTD6/ATD14/TCLK) PTD6/ATD14/TCLK is an external clock input that can be the clock source for the TIM counter instead of the prescaled internal bus clock. Select the PTD6/ATD14/TCLK input by writing logic 1s to the three prescaler select bits, MC68HC08AS32 -- Rev. 4.1 Freescale Semiconductor Data Sheet 239 PS[2-0]. (See 15.8.1 TIM Status and Control Register.) The minimum TCLK pulse width, TCLKLMIN or TCLKHMIN, is: 1 ------------------------------------ + t bus frequency SU The maximum TCLK frequency is the least: 4 MHz or bus frequency / 2. PTD6/ATD14/TCLK is available as a general-purpose I/O pin or ADC channel when not used as the TIM clock input. When the PTD6/ATD14/TCLK pin is the TIM clock input, it is an input regardless of the state of the DDRD6 bit in data direction register D. 15.7.2 TIM Channel I/O Pins (PTF3/TCH5-PTF0/TCH2 and PTE3/TCH1-PTE2/TCH0) Each channel I/O pin is programmable independently as an input capture pin or an output compare pin. PTE2/TCH0, PTE6/TCH2, and PTF2/TCH4 can be configured as buffered output compare or buffered PWM pins. 15.8 I/O Registers These I/O registers control and monitor TIM operation: * * * * * TIM status and control register (TSC) TIM control registers (TCNTH-TCNTL) TIM counter modulo registers (TMODH-TMODL) TIM channel status and control registers (TSC0, TSC1, TSC2, TSC3, TSC4, and TSC5) TIM channel registers (TCH0H-TCH0L, TCH1H-TCH1L, TCH2H-TCH2L, TCH3H-TCH3L, TCH4H-TCH4L, and TCH5H-TCH5L) 15.8.1 TIM Status and Control Register The TIM status and control register: * * * * * Enables TIM overflow interrupts Flags TIM overflows Stops the TIM counter Resets the TIM counter Prescales the TIM counter clock Data Sheet 240 MC68HC08AS32 -- Rev. 4.1 Freescale Semiconductor Address: $0020 Bit 7 6 TOIE 0 5 TSTOP 1 = Reserved 4 0 TRST 0 3 0 R 0 2 PS2 0 1 PS1 0 Bit 0 PS0 0 Read: Write: Reset: TOF 0 0 R Figure 15-5. TIM Status and Control Register (TSC) TOF -- TIM Overflow Flag Bit This read/write flag is set when the TIM counter resets reaches the modulo value programmed in the TIM counter modulo registers. Clear TOF by reading the TIM status and control register when TOF is set and then writing a logic 0 to TOF. If another TIM overflow occurs before the clearing sequence is complete, then writing logic 0 to TOF has no effect. Therefore, a TOF interrupt request cannot be lost due to inadvertent clearing of TOF. Reset clears the TOF bit. Writing a logic 1 to TOF has no effect. 1 = TIM counter has reached modulo value 0 = TIM counter has not reached modulo value TOIE -- TIM Overflow Interrupt Enable Bit This read/write bit enables TIM overflow interrupts when the TOF bit becomes set. Reset clears the TOIE bit. 1 = TIM overflow interrupts enabled 0 = TIM overflow interrupts disabled TSTOP -- TIM Stop Bit This read/write bit stops the TIM counter. Counting resumes when TSTOP is cleared. Reset sets the TSTOP bit, stopping the TIM counter until software clears the TSTOP bit. 1 = TIM counter stopped 0 = TIM counter active NOTE: Do not set the TSTOP bit before entering wait mode if the TIM is required to exit wait mode. Also when the TSTOP bit is set and the timer is configured for input capture operation, input captures are inhibited until the TSTOP bit is cleared. TRST -- TIM Reset Bit Setting this write-only bit resets the TIM counter and the TIM prescaler. Setting TRST has no effect on any other registers. Counting resumes from $0000. TRST is cleared automatically after the TIM counter is reset and always reads as logic 0. Reset clears the TRST bit. 1 = Prescaler and TIM counter cleared 0 = No effect NOTE: Setting the TSTOP and TRST bits simultaneously stops the TIM counter at a value of $0000. MC68HC08AS32 -- Rev. 4.1 Freescale Semiconductor Data Sheet 241 PS[2-0] -- Prescaler Select Bits These read/write bits select either the PTD6/ATD14/TCLK pin or one of the seven prescaler outputs as the input to the TIM counter as Table 15-1 shows. Reset clears the PS[2-0] bits. Table 15-1. Prescaler Selection PS[2-0] 000 001 010 011 100 101 110 111 TIM Clock Source Internal bus clock /1 Internal bus clock / 2 Internal bus clock / 4 Internal bus clock / 8 Internal bus clock / 16 Internal bus clock / 32 Internal bus clock / 64 PTD6/ATD14/TCLK 15.8.2 TIM Counter Registers The two read-only TIM counter registers contain the high and low bytes of the value in the TIM counter. Reading the high byte (TCNTH) latches the contents of the low byte (TCNTL) into a buffer. Subsequent reads of TCNTH do not affect the latched TCNTL value until TCNTL is read. Reset clears the TIM counter registers. Setting the TIM reset bit (TRST) also clears the TIM counter registers. NOTE: If TCNTH is read during a break interrupt, be sure to unlatch TCNTL by reading TCNTL before exiting the break interrupt. Otherwise, TCNTL retains the value latched during the break. Register Name and Address Bit 7 Read: Write: Reset: BIT 15 R 0 6 BIT 14 R 0 TCNTH -- $0022 5 BIT 13 R 0 TCNTL -- $0023 6 BIT 6 R 0 5 BIT 5 R 0 4 BIT 4 R 0 3 BIT 3 R 0 2 BIT 2 R 0 1 BIT 1 R 0 Bit 0 BIT 0 R 0 4 BIT 12 R 0 3 BIT 11 R 0 2 BIT 10 R 0 1 BIT 9 R 0 Bit 0 BIT 8 R 0 Register Name and Address Bit 7 Read: Write: Reset: BIT 7 R 0 R R = Reserved Figure 15-6. TIM Counter Registers (TCNTH and TCNTL) Data Sheet 242 MC68HC08AS32 -- Rev. 4.1 Freescale Semiconductor 15.8.3 TIM Counter Modulo Registers The read/write TIM modulo registers contain the modulo value for the TIM counter. When the TIM counter reaches the modulo value, the overflow flag (TOF) becomes set, and the TIM counter resumes counting from $0000 at the next timer clock. Writing to the high byte (TMODH) inhibits the TOF bit and overflow interrupts until the low byte (TMODL) is written. Reset sets the TIM counter modulo registers. Register Name and Address Bit 7 Read: Write: Reset: BIT 15 1 6 BIT 14 1 TMODH -- $0024 5 BIT 13 1 TMODL -- $0025 6 BIT 6 1 5 BIT 5 1 4 BIT 4 1 3 BIT 3 1 2 BIT 2 1 1 BIT 1 1 Bit 0 BIT 0 1 4 BIT 12 1 3 BIT 11 1 2 BIT 10 1 1 BIT 9 1 Bit 0 BIT 8 1 Register Name and Address Bit 7 Read: Write: Reset: BIT 7 1 Figure 15-7. TIM Counter Modulo Registers (TMODH and TMODL) NOTE: Reset the TIM counter before writing to the TIM counter modulo registers. 15.8.4 TIM Channel Status and Control Registers Each of the TIM channel status and control registers: * * * * * * * * Flags input captures and output compares Enables input capture and output compare interrupts Selects input capture, output compare, or PWM operation Selects high, low, or toggling output on output compare Selects rising edge, falling edge, or any edge as the active input capture trigger Selects output toggling on TIM overflow Selects 0% and 100% PWM duty cycle Selects buffered or unbuffered output compare/PWM operation MC68HC08AS32 -- Rev. 4.1 Freescale Semiconductor Data Sheet 243 Register Name and Address Bit 7 Read: Write: Reset: CH0F 0 0 6 CH0IE 0 TSC0 -- $0026 5 MS0B 0 TSC1 -- $0029 6 CH1IE 0 5 0 R 0 4 MS1A 0 3 ELS1B 0 2 ELS1A 0 1 TOV1 0 Bit 0 CH1MAX 0 4 MS0A 0 3 ELS0B 0 2 ELS0A 0 1 TOV0 0 Bit 0 CH0MAX 0 Register Name and Address Bit 7 Read: Write: Reset: CH1F 0 0 R = Reserved TSC2 -- $002C 6 CH2IE 0 5 MS2B 0 TSC3 -- $002F 6 CH3IE 0 5 0 R 0 TSC4 -- $0032 6 CH4IE 0 5 MS4B 0 TSC5 -- $0035 6 CH5IE 0 5 0 R 0 4 MS5A 0 3 ELS5B 0 2 ELS5A 0 1 TOV5 0 Bit 0 CH5MAX 0 4 MS4A 0 3 ELS4B 0 2 ELS4A 0 1 TOV4 0 Bit 0 CH4MAX 0 4 MS3A 0 3 ELS3B 0 2 ELS3A 0 1 TOV3 0 Bit 0 CH3MAX 0 4 MS2A 0 3 ELS2B 0 2 ELS2A 0 1 TOV2 0 Bit 0 CH2MAX 0 Register Name and Address Bit 7 Read: Write: Reset: CH2F 0 0 Register Name and Address Bit 7 Read: Write: Reset: CH3F 0 0 Register Name and Address Bit 7 Read: Write: Reset: CH4F 0 0 Register Name and Address Bit 7 Read: Write: Reset: CH5F 0 0 R R = Reserved Figure 15-8. TIM Channel Status and Control Registers (TSC0-TSC5) Data Sheet 244 MC68HC08AS32 -- Rev. 4.1 Freescale Semiconductor CHxF -- Channel x Flag Bit When channel x is an input capture channel, this read/write bit is set when an active edge occurs on the channel x pin. When channel x is an output compare channel, CHxF is set when the value in the TIM counter registers matches the value in the TIM channel x registers. When CHxIE = 1, clear CHxF by reading TIM channel x status and control register with CHxF set, and then writing a logic 0 to CHxF. If another interrupt request occurs before the clearing sequence is complete, then writing logic 0 to CHxF has no effect. Therefore, an interrupt request cannot be lost due to inadvertent clearing of CHxF. Reset clears the CHxF bit. Writing a logic 1 to CHxF has no effect. 1 = Input capture or output compare on channel x 0 = No input capture or output compare on channel x CHxIE -- Channel x Interrupt Enable Bit This read/write bit enables TIM CPU interrupts on channel x. Reset clears the CHxIE bit. 1 = Channel x CPU interrupt requests enabled 0 = Channel x CPU interrupt requests disabled MSxB -- Mode Select Bit B This read/write bit selects buffered output compare/PWM operation. MSxB exists only in the TIM channel 0, TIM channel 2, and TIM channel 4 status and control registers. Setting MS0B disables the channel 1 status and control register and reverts TCH1 pin to general-purpose I/O. Setting MS2B disables the channel 3 status and control register and reverts TCH3 pin to general-purpose I/O. Setting MS4B disables the channel 5 status and control register and reverts TCH5 pin to general-purpose I/O. Reset clears the MSxB bit. 1 = Buffered output compare/PWM operation enabled 0 = Buffered output compare/PWM operation disabled MSxA -- Mode Select Bit A When ELSxB-ELSxA 00, this read/write bit selects either input capture operation or unbuffered output compare/PWM operation. (See Table 15-2.) 1 = Unbuffered output compare/PWM operation 0 = Input capture operation When ELSxB-ELSxA = 00, this read/write bit selects the initial output level of the TCHx pin once PWM, input capture, or output compare operation is enabled. (See Table 15-2.) Reset clears the MSxA bit. 1 = Initial output level low 0 = Initial output level high MC68HC08AS32 -- Rev. 4.1 Freescale Semiconductor Data Sheet 245 NOTE: Before changing a channel function by writing to the MSxB or MSxA bit, set the TSTOP and TRST bits in the TIM status and control register (TSC). ELSxB and ELSxA -- Edge/Level Select Bits When channel x is an input capture channel, these read/write bits control the active edge-sensing logic on channel x. When channel x is an output compare channel, ELSxB and ELSxA control the channel x output behavior when an output compare occurs. When ELSxB and ELSxA are both clear, channel x is not connected to port E or port F, and pin PTEx/TCHx or pin PTFx/TCHx is available as a general-purpose I/O pin. However, channel x is at a state determined by these bits and becomes transparent to the respective pin when PWM, input capture, or output compare mode is enabled. Table 15-2 shows how ELSxB and ELSxA work. Reset clears the ELSxB and ELSxA bits. Table 15-2. Mode, Edge, and Level Selection MSxB-MSxA X0 ELSxB-ELSxA 00 Output preset X1 00 00 00 01 01 01 1X 1X 1X 00 01 10 11 01 10 11 01 10 11 Output compare or PWM Buffered output compare or buffered PWM Input capture Mode Configuration Pin under port control; Initialize timer Output level high Pin under port control; Initialize timer Output level low Capture on rising edge only Capture on falling edge only Capture on rising or falling edge Toggle output on compare Clear output on compare Set output on compare Toggle output on compare Clear output on compare Set output on compare NOTE: Before enabling a TIM channel register for input capture operation, make sure that the PTEx/TCHx pin or PTFx/TCHx pin is stable for at least two bus clocks. TOVx -- Toggle-On-Overflow Bit When channel x is an output compare channel, this read/write bit controls the behavior of the channel x output when the TIM counter overflows. When channel x is an input capture channel, TOVx has no effect. Reset clears the TOVx bit. 1 = Channel x pin toggles on TIM counter overflow. 0 = Channel x pin does not toggle on TIM counter overflow. Data Sheet 246 MC68HC08AS32 -- Rev. 4.1 Freescale Semiconductor NOTE: When TOVx is set, a TIM counter overflow takes precedence over a channel x output compare if both occur at the same time. CHxMAX -- Channel x Maximum Duty Cycle Bit When the TOVx bit is at logic 1 and clear output on compare is selected, setting the CHxMAX bit forces the duty cycle of buffered and unbuffered PWM signals to 100%. As Figure 15-9 shows, the CHxMAX bit takes effect in the cycle after it is set or cleared. The output stays at 100% duty cycle level until the cycle after CHxMAX is cleared. NOTE: The PWM 0% duty cycle is defined as output low all of the time. To generate the 0% duty cycle, select clear output on compare and then clear the TOVx bit (CHxMAX = 0). The PWM 100% duty cycle is defined as output high all of the time. To generate the 100% duty cycle, use the CHxMAX bit in the TSCx register. OVERFLOW PERIOD OVERFLOW OVERFLOW OVERFLOW OVERFLOW PTEx/TCHx OUTPUT COMPARE CHxMAX OUTPUT COMPARE OUTPUT COMPARE OUTPUT COMPARE Figure 15-9. CHxMAX Latency 15.8.5 TIM Channel Registers These read/write registers contain the captured TIM counter value of the input capture function or the output compare value of the output compare function. The state of the TIM channel registers after reset is unknown. In input capture mode (MSxB-MSxA = 0-0), reading the high byte of the TIM channel x registers (TCHxH) inhibits input captures until the low byte (TCHxL) is read. In output compare mode (MSxB-MSxA 0-0), writing to the high byte of the TIM channel x registers (TCHxH) inhibits output compares until the low byte (TCHxL) is written. MC68HC08AS32 -- Rev. 4.1 Freescale Semiconductor Data Sheet 247 Register Name and Address Bit 7 Read: Write: Reset: Register Name and Address Bit 7 Read: Write: Reset: Register Name and Address Bit 7 Read: Write: Reset: Register Name and Address Bit 7 Read: Write: Reset: Register Name and Address Bit 7 Read: Write: Reset: Register Name and Address Bit 7 Read: Write: Reset: Register Name and Address Bit 7 Read: Write: Reset: Bit 15 6 Bit 14 6 Bit 15 6 Bit 14 Bit 7 6 Bit 6 Bit 15 6 Bit 14 Bit 7 6 Bit 6 Bit 15 6 Bit 14 TCH0H -- $0027 5 Bit 13 4 Bit 12 3 Bit 11 2 Bit 10 1 Bit 9 Bit 0 Bit 8 Indeterminate after reset TCH0L -- $0028 5 Bit 5 4 Bit 4 3 Bit 3 2 Bit 2 1 Bit 1 Bit 0 Bit 0 Indeterminate after reset TCH1H -- $002A 5 Bit 13 4 Bit 12 3 Bit 11 2 Bit 10 1 Bit 9 Bit 0 Bit 8 Indeterminate after reset TCH1L -- $002B 5 Bit 5 4 Bit 4 3 Bit 3 2 Bit 2 1 Bit 1 Bit 0 Bit 0 Indeterminate after reset TCH2H -- $002D 5 Bit 13 4 Bit 12 3 Bit 11 2 Bit 10 1 Bit 9 Bit 0 Bit 8 Indeterminate after reset TCH2L -- $002E 5 4 3 2 1 Bit 0 Bit 7 Bit 6 Bit 5 Bit 4 Bit 3 Bit 2 Bit 1 Bit 0 Indeterminate after reset TCH3H -- $0030 5 Bit 13 4 Bit 12 3 Bit 11 2 Bit 10 1 Bit 9 Bit 0 Bit 8 Indeterminate after reset Figure 15-10. TIM Channel Registers (TCH0H/L-TCH3H/L) (Sheet 1 of 2) Data Sheet 248 MC68HC08AS32 -- Rev. 4.1 Freescale Semiconductor Register Name and Address Bit 7 Read: Write: Reset: Register Name and Address Bit 7 Read: Write: Reset: Register Name and Address Bit 7 Read: Write: Reset: Register Name and Address Bit 7 Read: Write: Reset: Register Name and Address Bit 7 Read: Write: Reset: Bit 7 6 Bit 6 Bit 15 6 Bit 14 Bit 7 6 Bit 6 Bit 15 6 Bit 14 Bit 7 6 Bit 6 TCH3L -- $0031 5 Bit 5 4 Bit 4 3 Bit 3 2 Bit 2 1 Bit 1 Bit 0 Bit 0 Indeterminate after reset TCH4H -- $0033 5 Bit 13 4 Bit 12 3 Bit 11 2 Bit 10 1 Bit 9 Bit 0 Bit 8 Indeterminate after reset TCH4L -- $0034 5 Bit 5 4 Bit 4 3 Bit 3 2 Bit 2 1 Bit 1 Bit 0 Bit 0 Indeterminate after reset TCH5H -- $0036 5 Bit 13 4 Bit 12 3 Bit 11 2 Bit 10 1 Bit 9 Bit 0 Bit 8 Indeterminate after reset TCH5L -- $0037 5 Bit 5 4 Bit 4 3 Bit 3 2 Bit 2 1 Bit 1 Bit 0 Bit 0 Indeterminate after reset Figure 15-10. TIM Channel Registers (TCH0H/L-TCH3H/L) (Sheet 2 of 2) MC68HC08AS32 -- Rev. 4.1 Freescale Semiconductor Data Sheet 249 Data Sheet 250 MC68HC08AS32 -- Rev. 4.1 Freescale Semiconductor Data Sheet -- MC68HC08AS32 Section 16. Development Support 16.1 Introduction This section describes the break module, the monitor read-only memory (MON), and the monitor mode entry methods. 16.2 Break Module (BRK) The break module can generate a break interrupt that stops normal program flow at a defined address to enter a background program. Features of the break module include: * * * * Accessible I/O registers during the break interrupt CPU-generated break interrupts Software-generated break interrupts COP disabling during break interrupts 16.2.1 Functional Description When the internal address bus matches the value written in the break address registers, the break module issues a breakpoint signal (BKPT) to the SIM. The SIM then causes the CPU to load the instruction register with a software interrupt instruction (SWI) after completion of the current CPU instruction. The program counter vectors to $FFFC and $FFFD ($FEFC and $FEFD in monitor mode). These events can cause a break interrupt to occur: * * A CPU-generated address (the address in the program counter) matches the contents of the break address registers Software writes a logic 1 to the BRKA bit in the break status and control register. When a CPU-generated address matches the contents of the break address registers, the break interrupt begins after the CPU completes its current instruction. A return-from-interrupt instruction (RTI) in the break routine ends the break interrupt and returns the MCU to normal operation. Figure 16-1 shows the structure of the break module. MC68HC08AS32 -- Rev. 4.1 Freescale Semiconductor Data Sheet 251 IAB[15:8] BREAK ADDRESS REGISTER HIGH 8-BIT COMPARATOR CONTROL 8-BIT COMPARATOR BREAK ADDRESS REGISTER LOW BKPT TO SIM IAB[15:0] IAB[7:0] Figure 16-1. Break Module Block Diagram Addr. $FE0C Register Name Break Address Register High Read: (BRKH) Write: See page 254. Reset: Break Address Register Low Read: (BRKL) Write: See page 254. Reset: Break Status and Control Regis- Read: ter (BRKSCR) Write: See page 253. Reset: Bit 7 Bit 15 0 Bit 7 0 BRKE 0 R 6 14 0 6 0 BRKA 0 = Reserved 5 13 0 5 0 0 R 0 4 12 0 4 0 0 R 0 3 11 0 3 0 0 R 0 2 10 0 2 0 0 R 0 1 9 0 1 0 0 R 0 Bit 0 Bit 8 0 Bit 0 0 0 R 0 $FE0D $FE0E Figure 16-2. Break I/O Register Summary 16.2.1.1 Flag Protection During Break Interrupts The system integration module (SIM) controls whether module status bits can be cleared during the break state. The BCFE bit in the SIM break flag control register (SBFCR) enables software to clear status bits during the break state. (See 13.7.3 SIM Break Flag Control Register and the Break Interrupts subsection for each module.) Data Sheet 252 MC68HC08AS32 -- Rev. 4.1 Freescale Semiconductor 16.2.1.2 CPU During Break Interrupts The CPU starts a break interrupt by: * * Loading the instruction register with the SWI instruction Loading the program counter with $FFFC-$FFFD ($FEFC-$FEFD in monitor mode) The break interrupt begins after completion of the CPU instruction in progress. If the break address register match occurs on the last cycle of a CPU instruction, the break interrupt begins immediately. 16.2.1.3 TIM During Break Interrupts A break interrupt stops the timer counter. 16.2.1.4 COP During Break Interrupts The COP is disabled during a break interrupt when VDD + VHI is present on the RST pin. For VHI, see 17.4 5.0-Volt DC Electrical Characteristics. 16.2.2 Break Module Registers Three registers control and monitor operation of the break module: * * * Break status and control register (BRKSCR) Break address register high (BRKH) Break address register low (BRKL) 16.2.2.1 Break Status and Control Register The break status and control register contains break module enable and status bits. Address: Read: Write: Reset: $FE0E Bit 7 BRKE 0 R 6 BRKA 0 = Reserved 5 0 R 0 4 0 R 0 3 0 R 0 2 0 R 0 1 0 R 0 Bit 0 0 R 0 Figure 16-3. Break Status and Control Register (BRKSCR) BRKE -- Break Enable Bit This read/write bit enables breaks on break address register matches. Clear BRKE by writing a logic 0 to bit 7. Reset clears the BRKE bit. 1 = Breaks enabled on 16-bit address match 0 = Breaks disabled on 16-bit address match MC68HC08AS32 -- Rev. 4.1 Freescale Semiconductor Data Sheet 253 BRKA -- Break Active Bit This read/write status and control bit is set when a break address match occurs. Writing a logic 1 to BRKA generates a break interrupt. Clear BRKA by writing a logic 0 to it before exiting the break routine. Reset clears the BRKA bit. 1 = Break address match 0 = No break address match 16.2.2.2 Break Address Registers The break address registers contain the high and low bytes of the desired breakpoint address. Reset clears the break address registers. Address: Read: Write: Reset: $FE0C Bit 7 BIT 15 0 6 BIT 13 0 5 BIT 13 0 4 BIT 12 0 3 BIT 11 0 2 BIT 10 0 1 BIT 9 0 Bit 0 BIT 8 0 Figure 16-4. Break Address Register (BRKH) Address: Read: Write: Reset: $FE0D Bit 7 BIT 7 0 6 BIT 6 0 5 BIT 5 0 4 BIT 4 0 3 BIT 3 0 2 BIT 2 0 1 BIT 1 0 Bit 0 BIT 0 0 Figure 16-5. Break Address Register (BRKL) 16.2.3 Low-Power Modes The WAIT and STOP instructions put the MCU in low-power standby modes. 16.2.3.1 Wait Mode If enabled, the break module is active in wait mode. The SIM break stop/wait bit (SBSW) in the SIM break status register indicates whether wait was exited by a break interrupt. If so, the user can modify the return address on the stack by subtracting one from it to re-execute the stop or wait opcode. (See 13.7.1 SIM Break Status Register.) 16.2.3.2 Stop Mode The break module is inactive in stop mode. The STOP instruction does not affect break module register states. A break interrupt will cause an exit from stop mode and sets the SBSW bit in the SIM break status register. Data Sheet 254 MC68HC08AS32 -- Rev. 4.1 Freescale Semiconductor 16.3 Monitor ROM (MON) The monitor ROM allows complete testing of the MCU through a single-wire interface with a host computer. Features of the monitor ROM include: * * * * * Normal user-mode pin functionality One pin dedicated to serial communication between monitor ROM and Host computer Standard mark/space non-return-to-zero (NRZ) communication with host computer 4800 Baud-28.8 kBaud communication with host computer Execution of code in RAM or ROM 16.3.1 Functional Description Monitor ROM receives and executes commands from a host computer. Figure 16-6 shows a sample circuit used to enter monitor mode and communicate with a host computer via a standard RS-232 interface. While simple monitor commands can access any memory address, the MC68HC08AS32 has a ROM security feature that requires proper procedures to be followed before the ROM can be accessed. Access to the ROM is denied to unauthorized users of customer-specified software. In monitor mode, the MCU can execute host-computer code in RAM while all MCU pins except PTA0 retain normal operating mode functions. All communication between the host computer and the MCU is through the PTA0 pin. A level-shifting and multiplexing interface is required between PTA0 and the host computer. PTA0 is used in a wired-OR configuration and requires a pullup resistor. MC68HC08AS32 -- Rev. 4.1 Freescale Semiconductor Data Sheet 255 VDD 10 k 68HC08 RST 0.1 F VDD + VHI 10 IRQ1/VPP VDDA VDDA/VDDAREF CGMXFC 1 10 F + 3 4 10 F + MC145407 20 + 18 17 + 10 F VDD 20 pF 10 F X1 4.9152 MHz 20 pF 0.1 F OSC1 10 M OSC2 2 19 DB-25 2 3 7 VSS 5 6 16 15 VDD 0.1 F VDD 1 2 6 4 MC74HC125 14 3 5 VDD 10 k A (SEE NOTE.) VDD 10 k PTA0 PTC3 VDD VDD 10 k 7 NOTE: Position A -- Bus clock = CGMXCLK / 4 or CGMVCLK / 4 Position B -- Bus clock = CGMXCLK / 2 B PTC0 PTC1 Figure 16-6. Monitor Mode Circuit Data Sheet 256 MC68HC08AS32 -- Rev. 4.1 Freescale Semiconductor 16.3.1.1 Entering Monitor Mode Table 16-1 shows the pin conditions for entering monitor mode. Table 16-1. Mode Selection IRQ Pin VDD + VHI(1) VDD + VHI(1) PTCO PIN 1 PTC1 PIN 0 PTA0 PIN 1 PTC3 PIN 1 MODE Monitor CGMOUT CGMXCLK CGMVCLK ---------------------------- or ---------------------------2 2 CGMXCLK Bus Frequency CGMOUT ------------------------2 CGMOUT ------------------------2 1 0 1 0 Monitor 1. For VHI, see 17.4 5.0-Volt DC Electrical Characteristics and 17.1 Maximum Ratings Enter monitor mode by either: * * Executing a software interrupt instruction (SWI) or Applying a logic 0 and then a logic 1 to the RST pin The MCU sends a break signal (10 consecutive logic 0s) to the host computer, indicating that it is ready to receive a command. The break signal also provides a timing reference to allow the host to determine the necessary baud rate. Monitor mode uses alternate vectors for reset, SWI, and break interrupt. The alternate vectors are in the $FE page instead of the $FF page and allow code execution from the internal monitor firmware instead of user code. The COP module is disabled in monitor mode as long as VDD + VHI (see 17.4 5.0-Volt DC Electrical Characteristics) is applied to either the IRQ pin or the VDD pin. (See Section 13. System Integration Module (SIM) for more information on modes of operation.) NOTE: Holding the PTC3 pin low when entering monitor mode causes a bypass of a divide-by-two stage at the oscillator. The CGMOUT frequency is equal to the CGMXCLK frequency, and the OSC1 input directly generates internal bus clocks. In this case, the OSC1 signal must have a 50% duty cycle at maximum bus frequency. Table 16-2 is a summary of the differences between user mode and monitor mode. Table 16-2. Mode Differences Functions Modes User Monitor COP Enabled Disabled(1) Reset Vector High $FFFE $FEFE Reset Vector Low $FFFF $FEFF Break Vector High $FFFC $FEFC Break Vector Low $FFFD $FEFD SWI Vector High $FFFC $FEFC SWI Vector Low $FFFD $FEFD 1. If the high voltage (VDD + VHI) is removed from the IRQ/VPP pin while in monitor mode, the SIM asserts its COP enable output. The COP is a mask option enabled or disabled by the COPD bit in the configuration register. (See 17.4 5.0-Volt DC Electrical Characteristics.) MC68HC08AS32 -- Rev. 4.1 Freescale Semiconductor Data Sheet 257 16.3.1.2 Data Format Communication with the monitor ROM is in standard non-return-to-zero (NRZ) mark/space data format. (See Figure 16-7 and Figure 16-8.) The data transmit and receive rate can be anywhere from 4800 baud to 28.8 kBaud. Transmit and receive baud rates must be identical. START BIT BIT 0 BIT 1 BIT 2 BIT 3 BIT 4 BIT 5 BIT 6 BIT 7 STOP BIT NEXT START BIT Figure 16-7. Monitor Data Format $A5 BREAK START BIT START BIT BIT 0 BIT 0 BIT 1 BIT 1 BIT 2 BIT 2 BIT 3 BIT 3 BIT 4 BIT 4 BIT 5 BIT 5 BIT 6 BIT 6 BIT 7 BIT 7 STOP BIT STOP BIT NEXT START BIT NEXT START BIT Figure 16-8. Sample Monitor Waveforms 16.3.1.3 Echoing As shown in Figure 16-9, the monitor ROM immediately echoes each received byte back to the PTA0 pin for error checking. Any result of a command appears after the echo of the last byte of the command. SENT TO MONITOR READ ECHO READ ADDR. HIGH ADDR. HIGH ADDR. LOW ADDR. LOW DATA RESULT Figure 16-9. Read Transaction 16.3.1.4 Break Signal A start bit followed by nine low bits is a break signal. (See Figure 16-10.) When the monitor receives a break signal, it drives the PTA0 pin high for the duration of two bits before echoing the break signal. MISSING STOP BIT TWO-STOP-BIT DELAY BEFORE ZERO ECHO 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Figure 16-10. Break Transaction Data Sheet 258 MC68HC08AS32 -- Rev. 4.1 Freescale Semiconductor 16.3.1.5 Commands The monitor ROM uses these commands: * * * * * * READ, read memory WRITE, write memory IREAD, indexed read IWRITE, indexed write READSP, read stack pointer RUN, run user program A sequence of IREAD or IWRITE commands can access a block of memory sequentially over the full 64-Kbyte memory map. Table 16-3. READ (Read Memory) Command Description Operand Data Returned Opcode Command Sequence SENT TO MONITOR READ ECHO READ ADDR. HIGH ADDR. HIGH ADDR. LOW ADDR. LOW DATA Read byte from memory Specifies 2-byte address in high byte:low byte order Returns contents of specified address $4A RESULT Table 16-4. WRITE (Write Memory) Command Description Operand Data Returned Opcode Command Sequence Write byte to memory Specifies 2-byte address in high byte:low byte order; low byte followed by data byte None $49 SENT TO MONITOR WRITE WRITE ADDR. HIGH ADDR. HIGH ADDR. LOW ADDR. LOW DATA DATA ECHO MC68HC08AS32 -- Rev. 4.1 Freescale Semiconductor Data Sheet 259 Table 16-5. IREAD (Indexed Read) Command Description Operand Data Returned Opcode Command Sequence SENT TO MONITOR IREAD ECHO IREAD DATA DATA RESULT Read next 2 bytes in memory from last address accessed Specifies 2-byte address in high byte:low byte order Returns contents of next two addresses $1A Table 16-6. IWRITE (Indexed Write) Command Description Operand Data Returned Opcode Command Sequence SENT TO MONITOR IWRITE ECHO IWRITE DATA DATA Write to last address accessed + 1 Specifies single data byte None $19 Table 16-7. READSP (Read Stack Pointer) Command Description Operand Data Returned Opcode Command Sequence SENT TO MONITOR READSP ECHO READSP SP HIGH SP LOW RESULT Reads stack pointer None Returns stack pointer in high byte:low byte order $0C Data Sheet 260 MC68HC08AS32 -- Rev. 4.1 Freescale Semiconductor Table 16-8. RUN (Run User Program) Command Description Operand Data Returned Opcode Command Sequence SENT TO MONITOR RUN ECHO RUN Executes RTI instruction None None $28 16.3.1.6 Baud Rate With a 4.9152-MHz crystal and the PTC3 pin at logic 1 during reset, data is transferred between the monitor and host at 4800 baud. If the PTC3 pin is at logic 0 during reset, the monitor baud rate is 9600. When the CGM output, CGMOUT, is driven by the PLL, the baud rate is determined by the MUL[7:4] bits in the PLL programming register (PPG). (See Section 5. Clock Generator Module (CGM).) Table 16-9. Monitor Baud Rate Selection VCO Frequency Multiplier (N) 1 Monitor Baud Rate (4.9152 MHz) Monitor Baud Rate (4.194 MHz) 4800 4096 2 9600 8192 3 14,400 12,288 4 19,200 16,384 5 24,000 20,480 6 28,800 24,576 MC68HC08AS32 -- Rev. 4.1 Freescale Semiconductor Data Sheet 261 Data Sheet 262 MC68HC08AS32 -- Rev. 4.1 Freescale Semiconductor Data Sheet -- MC68HC08AS32 Section 17. Electrical Specifications 17.1 Maximum Ratings Maximum ratings are the extreme limits to which the MCU can be exposed without permanently damaging it. NOTE: This device is not guaranteed to operate properly at the maximum ratings. Refer to 17.4 5.0-Volt DC Electrical Characteristics for guaranteed operating conditions. Rating(1) Supply voltage Input voltage Maximum current per pin excluding VDD and VSS Storage temperature Maximum current out of VSS Maximum current into VDD Reset IRQ input voltage 1. Voltages are referenced to VSS. Symbol VDD VIN I TSTG IMVSS IMVDD VHI Value -0.3 to +6.0 VSS -0.3 to VDD +0.3 25 -55 to +150 100 100 VDD to VDD + 2 Unit V V mA C mA mA V NOTE: This device contains circuitry to protect the inputs against damage due to high static voltages or electric fields; however, it is advised that normal precautions be taken to avoid application of any voltage higher than maximum-rated voltages to this high-impedance circuit. For proper operation, it is recommended that VIN and VOUT be constrained to the range VSS (VIN or VOUT) VDD. Reliability of operation is enhanced if unused inputs are connected to an appropriate logic voltage level (for example, either VSS or VDD.) MC68HC08AS32 -- Rev. 4.1 Freescale Semiconductor Data Sheet 263 17.2 Functional Operating Range Rating Operating temperature range Operating voltage range Symbol TA VDD Value -40 to 125 5.0 10% Unit C V 17.3 Thermal Characteristics Characteristic Thermal resistance PLCC (52 pins) I/O pin power dissipation Power dissipation(1) Constant(2) Average junction temperature Maximum junction temperature Symbol JA PI/O PD Value 50 User determined PD = (IDD x VDD) + PI/O = K/(TJ + 273C) PD x (TA + 273C) + (PD2 x JA) TA = PD Unit C/W W W K TJ TJM W/C C C x JA 150 1. Power dissipation is a function of temperature 2. K is a constant unique to the device. K can be determined from a known TA and measured PD. With this value of K, PD and TJ can be determined for any value of TA. Data Sheet 264 MC68HC08AS32 -- Rev. 4.1 Freescale Semiconductor 17.4 5.0-Volt DC Electrical Characteristics Characteristic(1) Output high voltage (ILoad = -2.0 mA) All Ports, RST Output low voltage (ILoad = 1.6 mA) All Ports, RST Input high voltage All Ports, IRQs, RESET, OSC1 Input low voltage All Ports, IRQs, RESET, OSC1 Symbol VOH VOL VIH VIL Min VDD -0.8 -- 0.7 x VDD VSS Typ(2) -- -- -- -- Max -- 0.4 VDD 0.3 x VDD Unit V V V V VDD + VDDA/VDDAREF supply current Run(3) Wait(4) Stop(5) 25C -40C to +105C -40C to +125C 25C with LVI enabled -40C to +105C with LVI enabled I/O ports Hi-Z leakage current Input current Capacitance Ports (as input or output) Low-voltage reset inhibit Low-voltage reset inhibit/recover hysteresis POR rearm voltage(6) POR reset voltage (7) -- -- IDD -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 3.7 50 0 0 0.02 VDD -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 4.1 150 -- -- -- 30 15 5 50 100 400 500 1 1 12 8 4.45 -- 200 800 -- VDD + 2 mA mA A A A A A A A pF V mV mV mV V/ms V IL IIN COUT CIN VLVF HLVI VPOR VPORRST RPOR VHI POR rise time ramp rate(8) High COP disable voltage(9) 1. VDD = 5.0 Vdc 10%, VSS = 0 Vdc, TA = -40C to +105C, unless otherwise noted. 2. Typical values reflect average measurements at midpoint of voltage range, 25C only. 3. Run (Operating) IDD measured using external square wave clock source (fOP = 8.4 MHz). All inputs 0.2 V from rail. No dc loads. Less than 100 pF on all outputs. CL = 20 pF on OSC2. All ports configured as inputs. OSC2 capacitance linearly affects run IDD. Measured with all modules enabled. 4. Wait IDD measured using external square wave clock source (fOP = 8.4 MHz). All inputs 0.2 Vdc from rail. No dc loads. Less than 100 pF on all outputs, CL = 20 pF on OSC2. All ports configured as inputs. OSC2 capacitance linearly affects wait IDD. Measured with all modules enabled. 5. Stop IDD measured with OSC1 = VSS. 6. Maximum is highest voltage that POR is guaranteed. 7. Maximum is highest voltage that POR is possible. 8. If minimum VDD is not reached before the internal POR reset is released, RST must be driven low externally until minimum VDD is reached. 9. See 6.8 COP Module During Break Interrupts. MC68HC08AS32 -- Rev. 4.1 Freescale Semiconductor Data Sheet 265 17.5 Control Timing Characteristic(1) Bus operating frequency (4.5-5.5 V -- VDD only) RST pulse width low IRQ interrupt pulse width low (edge-triggered) IRQ interrupt pulse period EEPROM programming time per byte EEPROM erasing time per byte EEPROM erasing time per block EEPROM erasing time per bulk EEPROM programming voltage discharge period 16-bit timer(3) Input capture pulse width(2) Input capture period Symbol fBUS tRL tILHI tILIL tEEPGM tEBYTE tEBLOCK tEBULK tEEFPV tTH, tTL tTLTL Min -- 1.5 1.5 (2) Max 8.4 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- Unit MHz tCYC tCYC tCYC ms ms ms ms s tCYC 10 10 10 10 100 2 (4) 1. VDD = 5.0 Vdc 10%, VSS = 0 Vdc, TA = -40C to +105C, unless otherwise noted. 2. Refer to Table 15-2. Mode, Edge, and Level Selection and supporting note. 3. The 2-bit timer prescaler is the limiting factor in determining timer resolution. 4. The minimum period tTLTL or tILIL should not be less than the number of cycles it takes to execute the capture interrupt service routine plus 1 tCYC. 17.6 ADC Characteristics Characteristic Resolution Absolute accuracy (VREFL = 0 V, VDDA = VREFH = 5 V 10%) Conversion range(1) Power-up time Input leakage(2) (3) ports B and D Min 8 -1 VREFL 16 -- 16 Max 8 +1 VREFH 17 1 17 Unit Bits LSB V s A ADC clock cycles Inherent within total error 00 FE 5 -- 500 k -0.3 01 FF -- 8 1.048 M VDD + 0.3 Hex Hex ADC clock cycles pF Hz V Not tested Tested only at 1 MHz VIN = VREFL VIN = VREFH Includes sampling time Includes quantization VREFL = VSSA Conversion time period Comments Conversion Time Monotonicity Zero input reading Full-scale reading Sample time(2) (3) Input capacitance ADC internal clock Analog input voltage 1. VDD = 5.0 Vdc 10%, VSS = 0 Vdc, VDDA/VDDAREF = 5.0 Vdc 10%, VSSA = 0 Vdc, VREFH = 5.0 Vdc 10% 2. The external system error caused by input leakage current is approximately equal to the product of R source and input current. 3. Source impedances greater than 10 k adversely affect internal RC charging time during input sampling. Data Sheet 266 MC68HC08AS32 -- Rev. 4.1 Freescale Semiconductor 17.7 5.0-Vdc 10% Serial Peripheral Interface (SPI) Timing Num(1) Characteristic(2) Operating frequency(3) Master Slave 1 2 3 4 Cycle time Master Slave Enable lead time Enable lag time Clock (SCK) high time Master Slave Clock (SCK) low time Master Slave Data setup time, inputs Master Slave Data hold time, inputs Master Slave Access time, slave(4) CPHA = 0 CPHA = 1 Slave disable time, hold time to high-impedance state Enable edge lead time to data valid(5) Master Slave Enable edge lead time to data invalid Master Slave Data valid Master (before capture edge) Data hold time (outputs) Master (after capture edge) Symbol fBUS(M) fBUS(S) tCYC(M) tCYC(S) tLead tLag tW(SCKH)M tW(SCKH)S tW(SCKL)M tW(SCKL)S tSU(M) tSU(S) tH(M) tH(S) tA(CP0) tA(CP1) tDIS tEV(M) tEV(S) tEI(M) tEI(S) tV(M) tHO(M) Min fBUS/128 dc 2 1 15 15 100 50 Max fBUS/2 fBUS 128 -- -- -- -- -- Unit MHz tCYC ns ns ns 5 100 50 -- -- ns 6 45 5 -- -- ns 7 0 15 -- -- ns 8 9 10 0 0 -- -- -- 40 20 25 10 40 ns ns ns 11 0 5 90 100 -- -- ----- ns 12 13 ns ns 1. Item numbers refer to dimensions in Figure 17-1 and Figure 17-2. 2. All timing is shown with respect to 30% VDD and 70% VDD, unless otherwise noted; assumes 100 pF load on all SPI pins. 3. fBUS = the currently active bus frequency for the microcontroller. 4. Time to data active from high-impedance state 5. With 100 pF on all SPI pins MC68HC08AS32 -- Rev. 4.1 Freescale Semiconductor Data Sheet 267 SS (INPUT) SS pin of master held high. 1 SCK (CPOL = 0) (OUTPUT) NOTE 5 4 5 4 6 7 LSB IN 10 BITS 6-1 11 MASTER LSB OUT SCK (CPOL = 1) (OUTPUT) NOTE MISO (INPUT) 10 MOSI (OUTPUT) MSB IN 11 MASTER MSB OUT 12 13 BITS 6-1 NOTE: This first clock edge is generated internally, but is not seen at the SCK pin. a) SPI Master Timing (CPHA = 0) SS (INPUT) SS pin of master held high. 1 SCK (CPOL = 0) (OUTPUT) 5 4 5 4 6 7 LSB IN 10 BITS 6-1 11 MASTER LSB OUT NOTE SCK (CPOL = 1) (OUTPUT) NOTE MISO (INPUT) 10 MOSI (OUTPUT) MSB IN 11 MASTER MSB OUT 12 13 BITS 6-1 NOTE: This last clock edge is generated internally, but is not seen at the SCK pin. b) SPI Master Timing (CPHA = 1) Figure 17-1. SPI Master Timing Data Sheet 268 MC68HC08AS32 -- Rev. 4.1 Freescale Semiconductor SS (INPUT) 1 SCK (CPOL = 0) (INPUT) 2 SCK (CPOL = 1) (INPUT) 8 MISO (INPUT) SLAVE 6 MOSI (OUTPUT) MSB IN MSB OUT 7 10 BITS 6-1 BITS 6-1 11 LSB IN SLAVE LSB OUT 11 5 4 9 NOTE 11 5 4 3 NOTE: Not defined but normally MSB of character just received a) SPI Slave Timing (CPHA = 0) SS (INPUT) 1 SCK (CPOL = 0) (INPUT) 2 SCK (CPOL = 1) (INPUT) 8 MISO (OUTPUT) 5 4 10 NOTE SLAVE 6 MOSI (INPUT) MSB IN MSB OUT 7 10 BITS 6-1 BITS 6-1 11 LSB IN 9 SLAVE LSB OUT 5 4 3 NOTE: Not defined but normally LSB of character previously transmitted b) SPI Slave Timing (CPHA = 1) Figure 17-2. SPI Slave Timing MC68HC08AS32 -- Rev. 4.1 Freescale Semiconductor Data Sheet 269 17.8 CGM Operating Conditions Characteristic Crystal reference frequency Range nominal multiplier VCO center-of-range frequency(1) Medium voltage VCO center-of-range frequency VCO frequency multiplier VCO center-of-range multiplier VCO operating frequency 1. 5.0 V 10% VDD only N L fVCLK Symbol fXCLK fNOM fVRS Min 1 -- 4.9152 4.9152 1 1 fVRSMIN Typ -- 4.9152 -- -- -- -- -- Max 8 -- 32.8 16.4 15 15 fVRSMAX Unit MHz MHz MHz MHz -- -- MHz 17.9 CGM Component Information Characteristic Crystal (X1) frequency (MHz)(1) Crystal load capacitance(2) Crystal fixed capacitance(2) Crystal tuning capacitance(2) Feedback bias resistor Series resistor(3) Filter capacitor Bypass capacitor(4) Symbol fXCLK CL C1 C2 RB RS CF CBYP Min 1 -- -- -- -- 0 -- -- Typ 4.9152 -- 2 x CL 2 x CL 1 -- CFact x (VDDA/fXCLK) 0.1 Max 8 -- -- -- -- 3.3 -- -- Unit MHz F F F M k F F 1. Fundamental mode crystals only 2. Consult crystal manufacturer's data. 3. Not required 4. CBYP must provide low AC impedance from f = fXCLK/100 to 100 x fVCLK, so series resistance must be considered. Data Sheet 270 MC68HC08AS32 -- Rev. 4.1 Freescale Semiconductor 17.10 CGM Acquisition/Lock Time Information Description Filter capacitor multiply factor Acquisition mode time factor Tracking mode time factor Manual mode time to stable(1) Symbol CFact KACQ KTRK tACQ Min -- -- -- -- Typ 0.0154 0.1135 0.0174 8 x V DDA ---------------------------------f XCLK x K ACQ 4 x V DDA --------------------------------f XCLK x K TRK tACQ + tAL -- -- -- -- 32 128 8 x V DDA ---------------------------------f XCLK x K ACQ 4 x V DDA --------------------------------f XCLK x K TRK tACQ + tAL -- Max -- -- -- -- Unit F/sV V V s Manual stable to lock time(1) Manual acquisition time Tracking mode entry frequency tolerance Acquisition mode entry frequency tolerance LOCK entry frequency tolerance LOCK exit frequency tolerance Reference cycles per acquisition mode measurement Reference cycles per tracking mode measurement Automatic mode time to stable(1) tAL tLock TRK ACQ Lock UNL nACQ nTRK tACQ -- -- 0 -- -- 3.6% 7.2% 0.9% 1.8% -- -- -- Sec Sec -- -- -- -- Cycles Cycles Sec 6.3% 0 0.9% -- -- n ACQ ------------f XCLK n TRK ------------f XCLK -- 0 Automatic stable to lock time(1) Automatic lock time PLL jitter(2) tAL tLock fJ -- -- fCRYS x 0.025% x 2PN/4 Sec Sec Hz 1. If CF chosen correctly 2. Deviation of average bus frequency over 2 ms, N = VCO frequency multiplier MC68HC08AS32 -- Rev. 4.1 Freescale Semiconductor Data Sheet 271 17.11 Timer Module Characteristics Characteristic Input capture pulse width Input clock pulse width Symbol tTIH, tTIL tTCH, tTCL Min 125 (1/fOP) + 5 Max -- -- Unit ns ns 17.12 RAM Characteristics Characteristic RAM data retention voltage Symbol VRDR Min 0.7 Max -- Unit V 17.13 EEPROM Characteristics Characteristic EEPROM write/erase cycles @ 10 ms write time + 85 C EEPROM data retention after 10,000 write/erase cycles Value 10,000 10 Unit Cycles Years 17.14 BDLC Transmitter VPW Symbol Timings Characteristic(1), (2) Passive logic 0 Passive logic 1 Active logic 0 Active logic 1 Start-of-frame (SOF) End-of-data (EOD) End-of-frame (EOF) Inter-frame separator (IFS) Number 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 Symbol tTVP1 tTVP2 tTVA1 tTVA2 tTVA3 tTVP3 tTV4 tTV6 Min 62 126 126 62 198 198 278 298 Typ 64 128 128 64 200 200 280 300 Max 66 130 130 66 202 202 282 302 Unit s s s s s s s s 1. fBDLC = 1.048576 or 1.0 MHz, VDD = 5.0 V 10%, VSS = 0 V 2. See Figure 17-3. Data Sheet 272 MC68HC08AS32 -- Rev. 4.1 Freescale Semiconductor 17.15 BDLC Receiver VPW Symbol Timings Characteristic(1), (2), (3) Passive logic 0 Passive logic 1 Active logic 0 Active logic 1 Start-of-frame (SOF) End-of-data (EOD) End-of-frame (EOF) Break Number 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 18 Symbol tTRVP1 tTRVP2 tTRVA1 tTRVA2 tTRVA3 tTRVP3 tTRV4 tTRV6 Min 34 96 96 34 163 163 239 280 Typ 64 128 128 64 200 200 280 -- Max 96 163 163 96 239 239 320 -- Unit s s s s s s s s 1. fBDLC = 1.048576 or 1.0 MHz, VDD = 5.0 V 10%, VSS = 0 V 2. The receiver symbol timing boundaries are subject to an uncertainty of 1 tBDLC s due to sampling considerations. 3. See Figure 17-3. 14 10 12 SOF 0 0 13 11 15 1 1 0 EOD 16 EOF 18 BRK Figure 17-3. BDLC Variable Pulse Width Modulation (VPW) Symbol Timing MC68HC08AS32 -- Rev. 4.1 Freescale Semiconductor Data Sheet 273 17.16 BDLC Transmitter DC Electrical Characteristics Characteristic(1) BDTxD output low voltage (IBDTxD = 1.6 mA) BDTxD output high voltage (IBDTx = -800 A) Symbol VOLTX VOHTX Min -- VDD -0.8 Max 0.4 -- Unit V V 1. VDD = 5.0 Vdc + 10%, VSS = 0 Vdc, TA = -40oC to +125oC, unless otherwise noted 17.17 BDLC Receiver DC Electrical Characteristics Characteristic(1) BDRxD input low voltage BDRxD input high voltage BDRxD input low current BDRxD input high current Symbol VILRX VIHRX IILBDRXI IHBDRX Min VSS 0.7 x VDD -1 -1 Max 0.3 x VDD VDD +1 +1 Unit V V A A 1. VDD = 5.0 Vdc + 10%, VSS = 0 Vdc, TA = -40oC to +125oC, unless otherwise noted Data Sheet 274 MC68HC08AS32 -- Rev. 4.1 Freescale Semiconductor Data Sheet -- MC68HC08AS32 Section 18. Ordering Information and Mechanical Specifications 18.1 Introduction This section provides ordering information for the MC68HC08AS32 along with the dimensions for: * * 52-pin plastic leaded chip carrier (PLCC) 64-pin quad flat pack (QFP) The following figures show the latest package drawings at the time of this publication. To make sure that you have the latest package specifications, contact your local Freescale sales office 18.2 MC Order Numbers These part numbers are generic numbers only. To place an order, ROM code must be submitted to the ROM Processing Center (RPC). Table 18-1. MC Order Numbers MC Order Number MC68HC08AS32FN(1) MC68HC08AS32CFN MC68HC08AS32VFN MC68HC08AS32FU(2) MC68HC08AS32CFU MC68HC08AS32VFU 1. FN = plastic leaded chip carrier 2. FU = quad flat pack Operating Temperature Range 0C to + 70C -40C to + 85C -40C to + 105C 0C to + 70C -40C to + 85C -40C to + 105C MC68HC08AS32XXX FAMILY PACKAGE DESIGNATOR TEMPERATURE RANGE Figure 18-1. Device Numbering System MC68HC08AS32 -- Rev. 4.1 Freescale Semiconductor Data Sheet 275 18.3 52-Pin Plastic Leaded Chip Carrier Package (Case 778) B -N- Y BRK D Z -L- -M- 0.007 (0.18) U M T L-M M S N S S 0.007 (0.18) T L-M N S W D 52 1 X V VIEW D-D 0.007 (0.18) 0.007 (0.18) M G1 0.010 (0.25) S T L-M S N S A Z R T L-M T L-M S N N S M S S E C G G1 0.010 (0.25) S J VIEW S T L-M N 0.004 (0.100) -T- SEATING PLANE S S H K1 0.007 (0.18) M T L-M S N S NOTES: 1. DATUMS -L-, -M-, AND -N- DETERMINED WHERE TOP OF LEAD SHOULDER EXITS PLASTIC BODY AT MOLD PARTING LINE. 2. DIMENSION G1, TRUE POSITION TO BE MEASURED AT DATUM -T-, SEATING PLANE. 3. DIMENSIONS R AND U DO NOT INCLUDE MOLD FLASH. ALLOWABLE MOLD FLASH IS 0.010 (0.250) PER SIDE. 4. DIMENSIONING AND TOLERANCING PER ANSI Y14.5M, 1982. 5. CONTROLLING DIMENSION: INCH. 6. THE PACKAGE TOP MAY BE SMALLER THAN THE PACKAGE BOTTOM BY UP TO 0.012 (0.300). DIMENSIONS R AND U ARE DETERMINED AT THE OUTERMOST EXTREMES OF THE PLASTIC BODY EXCLUSIVE OF MOLD FLASH, TIE BAR BURRS, GATE BURRS AND INTERLEAD FLASH, BUT INCLUDING ANY MISMATCH BETWEEN THE TOP AND BOTTOM OF THE PLASTIC BODY. 7. DIMENSION H DOES NOT INCLUDE DAMBAR PROTRUSION OR INTRUSION. THE DAMBAR PROTRUSION(S) SHALL NOT CAUSE THE H DIMENSION TO BE GREATER THAN 0.037 (0.940). THE DAMBAR INTRUSION(S) SHALL NOT CAUSE THE H DIMENSION TO BE SMALLER THAN 0.025 (0.635). INCHES MIN MAX 0.785 0.795 0.785 0.795 0.165 0.180 0.090 0.110 0.013 0.019 0.050 BSC 0.026 0.032 0.020 --- 0.025 --- 0.750 0.756 0.750 0.756 0.042 0.048 0.042 0.048 0.042 0.056 --- 0.020 2_ 10 _ 0.710 0.730 0.040 --- MILLIMETERS MIN MAX 19.94 20.19 19.94 20.19 4.20 4.57 2.29 2.79 0.33 0.48 1.27 BSC 0.66 0.81 0.51 --- 0.64 --- 19.05 19.20 19.05 19.20 1.07 1.21 1.07 1.21 1.07 1.42 --- 0.50 2_ 10 _ 18.04 18.54 1.02 --- K VIEW S F 0.007 (0.18) M T L-M S N S DIM A B C E F G H J K R U V W X Y Z G1 K1 Data Sheet 276 MC68HC08AS32 -- Rev. 4.1 Freescale Semiconductor 18.4 64-Pin Quad Flat Pack (Case 840B) L 48 49 33 32 S S D D 0.05 (0.002) A-B D B B P S C H A-B -A- L -B- B V M 0.20 (0.008) 0.20 (0.008) M H C A-B S -A-, -B-, -D- DETAIL A DETAIL A 64 17 1 16 F -D- A 0.20 (0.008) M H C A-B S D S 0.05 (0.002) A-B S C 0.20 (0.008) M H A-B E J N S D M S D DETAILC 0.20 (0.008) 0.02 (0.008) M BASE METAL C A-B S D S SECTION B-B C -C- SEATING PLANE -H- H M G DATUM PLANE 0.10 (0.004) 0.01 (0.004) U T R -H- DATUM PLANE Q K W X DETAIL C NOTES: 1. DIMENSIONING AND TOLERANCING PER ANSI Y14.5M, 1982. 2. CONTROLLING DIMENSION: MILLIMETER. 3. DATUM PLANE -H- IS LOCATED AT BOTTOM OF LEAD AND IS COINCIDENT WITH THE LEAD WHERE THE LEAD EXITS THE PLASTIC BODY AT THE BOTTOM OF THE PARTING LINE. 4. DATUMS -A-, -B- AND -D- TO BE DETERMINED AT DATUM PLANE -H-. 5. DIMENSIONS S AND V TO BE DETERMINED AT SEATING PLANE -C-. 6. DIMENSIONS A AND B DO NOT INCLUDE MOLD PROTRUSION. ALLOWABLE PROTRUSION IS 0.25 (0.010) PER SIDE. DIMENSIONS A AND B DO INCLUDE MOLD MISMATCH AND ARE DETERMINED AT DATUM PLANE -H-. 7. DIMENSION D DOES NOT INCLUDE DAMBAR PROTRUSION. ALLOWABLE DAMBAR PROTRUSION SHALL BE 0.08 (0.003) PER SIDE. TOTAL IN EXCESS OF THE D DIMENSION AT MAXIMUM MATERIAL CONDITION. DAMBAR CANNOT BE LOCATED ON THE LOWER RADIUS OR THE FOOT. DIM A B C D E F G H J K L M N P Q R S T U V W X MILLIMETERS MIN MAX 13.90 14.10 13.90 14.10 2.15 2.45 0.30 0.45 2.00 2.40 0.30 0.40 0.80 BSC --- 0.25 0.13 0.23 0.65 0.95 12.00 REF 5_ 10_ 0.13 0.17 0.40 BSC 0_ 7_ 0.13 0.30 16.95 17.45 0.13 --- 0_ --- 16.95 17.45 0.35 0.45 1.6 REF INCHES MIN MAX 0.547 0.555 0.547 0.555 0.085 0.096 0.012 0.018 0.079 0.094 0.012 0.016 0.031 BSC --- 0.010 0.005 0.009 0.026 0.037 0.472 REF 5_ 10_ 0.005 0.007 0.016 BSC 0_ 7_ 0.005 0.012 0.667 0.687 0.005 --- 0_ --- 0.667 0.687 0.014 0.018 0.063 REF MC68HC08AS32 -- Rev. 4.1 Freescale Semiconductor Data Sheet 277 Data Sheet 278 MC68HC08AS32 -- Rev. 4.1 Freescale Semiconductor How to Reach Us: Home Page: www.freescale.com E-mail: support@freescale.com USA/Europe or Locations Not Listed: Freescale Semiconductor Technical Information Center, CH370 1300 N. Alma School Road Chandler, Arizona 85224 +1-800-521-6274 or +1-480-768-2130 support@freescale.com Europe, Middle East, and Africa: Freescale Halbleiter Deutschland GmbH Technical Information Center Schatzbogen 7 81829 Muenchen, Germany +44 1296 380 456 (English) +46 8 52200080 (English) +49 89 92103 559 (German) +33 1 69 35 48 48 (French) support@freescale.com Japan: Freescale Semiconductor Japan Ltd. Headquarters ARCO Tower 15F 1-8-1, Shimo-Meguro, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 153-0064 Japan 0120 191014 or +81 3 5437 9125 support.japan@freescale.com Asia/Pacific: Freescale Semiconductor Hong Kong Ltd. Technical Information Center 2 Dai King Street Tai Po Industrial Estate Tai Po, N.T., Hong Kong +800 2666 8080 support.asia@freescale.com For Literature Requests Only: Freescale Semiconductor Literature Distribution Center P.O. Box 5405 Denver, Colorado 80217 1-800-441-2447 or 303-675-2140 Fax: 303-675-2150 LDCForFreescaleSemiconductor@hibbertgroup.com Rev. 4.1 MC68HC08AS32/D July 13, 2005 RoHS-compliant and/or Pb- free versions of Freescale products have the functionality and electrical characteristics of their non-RoHS-compliant and/or non-Pb- free counterparts. For further information, see http://www.freescale.com or contact your Freescale sales representative. For information on Freescale.s Environmental Products program, go to http://www.freescale.com/epp. Information in this document is provided solely to enable system and software implementers to use Freescale Semiconductor products. There are no express or implied copyright licenses granted hereunder to design or fabricate any integrated circuits or integrated circuits based on the information in this document. Freescale Semiconductor reserves the right to make changes without further notice to any products herein. Freescale Semiconductor makes no warranty, representation or guarantee regarding the suitability of its products for any particular purpose, nor does Freescale Semiconductor assume any liability arising out of the application or use of any product or circuit, and specifically disclaims any and all liability, including without limitation consequential or incidental damages. "Typical" parameters that may be provided in Freescale Semiconductor data sheets and/or specifications can and do vary in different applications and actual performance may vary over time. All operating parameters, including "Typicals", must be validated for each customer application by customer's technical experts. Freescale Semiconductor does not convey any license under its patent rights nor the rights of others. Freescale Semiconductor products are not designed, intended, or authorized for use as components in systems intended for surgical implant into the body, or other applications intended to support or sustain life, or for any other application in which the failure of the Freescale Semiconductor product could create a situation where personal injury or death may occur. Should Buyer purchase or use Freescale Semiconductor products for any such unintended or unauthorized application, Buyer shall indemnify and hold Freescale Semiconductor and its officers, employees, subsidiaries, affiliates, and distributors harmless against all claims, costs, damages, and expenses, and reasonable attorney fees arising out of, directly or indirectly, any claim of personal injury or death associated with such unintended or unauthorized use, even if such claim alleges that Freescale Semiconductor was negligent regarding the design or manufacture of the part. FreescaleTM and the Freescale logo are trademarks of Freescale Semiconductor, Inc. All other product or service names are the property of their respective owners. The ARM POWERED logo is a registered trademark of ARM Limited. ARM7TDMI-S is a trademark of ARM Limited. Java and all other Java-based marks are trademarks or registered trademarks of Sun Microsystems, Inc. in the U.S. and other countries. The Bluetooth trademarks are owned by their proprietor and used by Freescale Semiconductor, Inc. under license. (c) Freescale Semiconductor, Inc. 2005. All rights reserved. |
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